邹平王家庄铜矿床成矿地球化学及成因探讨

王家庄铜矿床的矿化脉石英中流体包裹体均一温度介于116 ~ 566 ℃之间,均值为 289 ℃;盐度介于7.2%～63.2% NaCleq,均值为21.1% NaCleq。流体的气相成分主要为H2O和CO2。在均一温度为240 ~ 440 ℃区间内,出现了富气相的两相水溶液包裹体、富液相的两相水溶液包裹体和含子晶的三相水溶液包裹体共存现象,以及加温后富气相包裹体均一到气相和同期富液相包裹体均一到液相的特征,表明成矿流体曾发生过沸腾作用;其中第一次发生于360 ~ 400 ℃,主要形成高温、高盐度含子晶的三相水溶液包裹体和高温、中盐度富液相的两相水溶液包裹体及高温、低盐度富气相的两相水溶液包裹体;第二次发生于240 ~ 320 ℃,主要形成高—中温、高盐度的含子晶的三相水溶液包裹体和高—中温、中盐度富液相的两相水溶液包裹体及高—中温、低盐度富气相的两相水溶液包裹体;之后主要形成富液相的两相水溶液包裹体,具有中低温和中盐度的特征。矿化脉石英中的δ18OH2O介于-1.14‰ ~ 1.79‰之间,均值为0.94‰;δD介于-63.70‰ ~ -56.50‰之间,均值为-59.8‰;说明王家庄铜矿床的成矿流体主要来源于岩浆,后期混入大气降水。矿石矿物的δ34S变化于-8.80‰ ~ -2.80‰之间,均值为-6.33‰。矿石矿物的n(206Pb)/n(204Pb)介于18.1684 ~ 18.3637之间,均值为18.2892;n(207Pb)/n(204Pb)介于155546 ~ 156342之间,均值为155777;n(208Pb)/n(204Pb)介于38.1286 ~ 38.4840之间,均值为38.2780。说明矿石具有贫重硫和富放射性成因铅的特征,硫、铅主要来源于深部,后期可能受到地壳物质或大气降水的混染。     

兰州地区新近纪地层的沉积相与古环境记录

兰州地区位于黄土和青藏高原的过渡带,其第三纪地层对研究风尘沉积发育和青藏高原隆升都有着特殊的意义。本研究以0.25 m为间距对厚度210 m的兰州皋兰山剖面的新近纪地层采集样品901个,在实验室对试验样品进行前处理后对其进行了粒度、磁化率和色度测试。用粒度分布函数的方法分离了沉积物的各成因组分,确定了风成组分和水成组分在全剖面沉积物中所占的百分比。结合色度和磁化率的实验结果分析表明,皋兰山剖面地层以风尘沉积为主,其间夹有河流相沉积的约15层砂岩。古环境的恢复表明,兰州地区从至少约7 Ma开始,沉积地层经历了由河湖相向风尘沉积转变,气候干旱化开始,与黄土高原风尘序列堆积底界8～7 Ma基本一致。6～5.2 Ma构造稳定,是比较开阔的平原环境,并且气候条件比较湿热;5.2～3.5 Ma间构造波动比较频繁,形成了间隔性的河流相砂岩沉积,而在气候表现为干冷;自3.5 Ma开始,兰州地区发生相对构造沉陷,五泉砾岩层的发育是对青藏运动A幕的具体响应。     

Potential martian mineral resources: Mechanisms and terrestrial analogues

The future exploration of Mars is likely to utilize resources that can be extracted in situ. An overview of the geology of Mars has been presented and several mechanisms that could result in the formation of ore deposits have been identified. These include deposits caused by hydrothermal fluids resulting from volcanic activity, large igneous province formation and impact craters. Surface enrichment of mineral sand deposits is also discussed. Where appropriate, terrestrial analogues of these mechanisms have been discussed and supporting evidence from observations of Mars undertaken to date presented. Types of deposits that are unlikely to be found on Mars are also listed.     

From back-arc rifting to arc accretion: the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous evolution of the Guerrero terrane recorded by a major provenance change in sandstones from the Sierra de los Cuarzos area,central Mexico

The Guerrero terrane is composed of Middle Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous arc assemblages that were rifted from the North American continental mainland during Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous back-arc spreading within the Arperos Basin, and subsequently accreted back to the continental margin in the late Aptian. The Sierra de los Cuarzos area is located just 50 km east of the Guerrero terrane suture belt and, therefore, its stratigraphic record should be highly sensitive to first-order tectonic changes. Two Upper Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous clastic units were recognized in the Sierra de los Cuarzos area. The Sierra de los Cuarzos Formation is the lowermost exposed stratigraphic unit. Petrographic data and U-Pb zircon ages suggest that the Sierra de los Cuarzos Formation was derived from quartz-rich sedimentary and igneous sources within the North American continental mainland. The Sierra de los Cuarzos Formation is overlain by the Pelones Formation, which is composed of volcanoclastic sandstones derived from a mix of sources that include the mafic arc assemblages of the Guerrero terrane and quartz-rich sedimentary and volcanic rocks exposed in the continental mainland. The provenance change documented in the Sierra de los Cuarzos area suggests that the Pelones Formation was deposited when the Arperos Basin was closed and the Guerrero terrane was colliding with the North American continental mainland. Based on these data, we interpret the Pelones Formation as the syn-tectonic stratigraphic record associated with the accretion of the Guerrero terrane.     

新疆哈密红石铜矿区300m中段原生晕地球化学特征及成矿预测

新疆哈密红石铜矿位于东天山大南湖-头苏泉岛弧带北段的卡拉塔格地区,为浅成低温热液脉型铜矿床。在矿床深部300m中段开展1:100原生晕地球化学剖面测量,选择Ag、Cu、Mo、Zn、As、Sb、Hg、Au、Pb、W、Ba、Bi、Sn等13种元素进行测试分析,查明与矿有关的地球化学特征,预测成矿有利地段。研究通过R型因子分析,识别Sb-Hg-As-Au前缘晕指示元素组合、Ag-Cu-Mo-Zn近矿晕指示元素组合、Ba-Bi尾晕指示元素组合,以及Se-Zn-Pb等元素共同代表岩浆期后中高温热液活动阶段,显示出该矿床具有多期、多阶段成矿的特征;依据C.B.格里戈良分带指数原理,建立（Sb×Hg）D/（Ba×Bi）D矿体定量预测指标,并结合矿化-蚀变特征,圈定1处成矿有利重点地段和1处成矿有利一般地段,分别为300m中段25线~19线成矿热液角砾岩筒的深部或周边,以及300m中段13线~7线1、6、9号脉矿（化）带的深部和周边;验证孔ZKY2101揭露了角砾岩筒深部的矿化情况,取得良好效果。     

铜在坡缕石中的吸附位置和吸附机理研究

对四个吸附铜的坡缕石的解吸附实验研究表明,被解吸附的铜来自于坡缕石的表面和纤维状晶体的网状空隙。吸附铜的坡缕石的X射线光电子能谱（XPS）上出现了932．5eV和933．7eV的光电子峰,表明坡缕石表面的铜以Cu^＋和Cu^2＋的形式存在;傅立叶变换红外吸收光谱（FTIR）上八面体离子的吸收峰出现规律性偏移,其中Mg3OH和Al2□OH吸收峰向高频方向移动了3～5cm^-1,部分铜离子进入到坡缕石的晶体结构的通道中;电子顺磁共振谱上（ESR）出现了g=2．34、2．12、2．08和2．05等4个信号：表明铜离子位于H^＋难以到达的位置。吸附铜的坡缕石的矿物学研究及其解吸附实验的结果均表明铜在坡缕石中以3种形式存在：①以Cu^＋和Cu^2＋的形式吸附在坡缕石纤维的表面,与坡缕石表面的悬空氧成键;②以ECu（H2O）4]^2＋的形式存在于坡缕石的晶体结构的微空腔中（通道）;③以Cu^2＋的形式存在于坡缕石晶体结构中的硅氧四面体六元环的底部或八面体位。     

拉拉铜矿黄铁矿微量元素地球化学特征及其成因意义

四川会理拉拉铜矿床是我国著名大型富铜矿床,针对该矿床中黄铁矿的微量元素、稀土元素地球化学分析表明:拉拉铜矿经历了早期火山喷发成岩成矿和晚期变质成岩成矿作用.条带状矿石中的黄铁矿Co/Ni比值集中于4.92～79.2之间,落入火山成因黄铁矿区,稀土元素分布具有Eu正异常和轻稀土富集的特征,反映矿床具有伴随河口群火山喷流沉积成岩过程的同生沉积成矿作用.脉状矿石中的黄铁矿Co/Ni比值集中于1.10～3.45,落在热液成因黄铁矿区,稀土元素较河口群岩石及其他典型块状硫化物矿床矿石稀土元素更加富集轻稀土元素,稀土含量变化范围更大,显著的负Eu异常,则又说明,矿床形成的主要成矿作用是伴随新元古代晋宁运动而发生的大规模的变质作用.     

江西永平铜矿田构造地球化学

本文在对永平铜矿田构造调查研究的基础上,初步探讨了矿田主要控岩控矿构造——F_1断裂构造地球化学和候家—嵩山倒转背斜褶皱构造地球化学,以及构造应力对矿液和成矿物质的运移与富集的影响——成矿构造地球化学。最后还提出了永平铜矿田构造地球化学成矿模式。     

The source of sulfur in sulfide deposits in the Siberian Platform traps (from isotope data)

The source of sulfur in giant Norilsk-type sulfide deposits is discussed. A review of the state of the problem and a critical analysis of existing hypotheses are made. The distribution of δ³⁴S in sulfides of ore occurrences and small and large deposits and in normal sedimentary, metamorphogenic, and hypogene sulfates is considered. A large number of new δ³⁴S data for sulfides and sulfates in various deposits, volcanic and terrigenous rocks, coals, graphites, and metasomatites are presented. The main attention is focused on the objects of the Norilsk and Kureika ore districts. The δ³⁴S value varies from -14 to + 22.5‰ in sulfides of rocks and ores and from 15.3 to 33‰ in anhydrites. In sulfide-sulfate intergrowths and assemblages, δ³⁴S is within 4.2-14.6‰ in sulfides and within 15.3-21.3‰ in anhydrites. The most isotopically heavy sulfur was found in pyrrhotite veins in basalts (δ³⁴S = 21.6‰), in sulfate veins cutting dolomites (δ³⁴S = 33‰), and in subsidence caldera sulfates in basalts (δ³⁴S = 23.2-25.2‰). Sulfide ores of the Tsentral’naya Shilki intrusion have a heavy sulfur isotope composition (δ³⁴S = + 17.7‰ (n = 15)). Thermobarogeochemical studies of anhydrites have revealed inclusions of different types with homogenization temperatures ranging from 685 °C to 80 °C. Metamorphogenic and hypogene anhydrites are associated with a carbonaceous substance, and hypogene anhydrites have inclusions of chloride-containing salt melts. We assume that sulfur in the trap sulfide deposits was introduced with sulfates of sedimentary rocks (δ³⁴S = 22-24‰). No assimilation of sulfates by basaltic melt took place. The sedimentary anhydrites were “steamed” by hydrocarbons, which led to sulfate reduction and δ³⁴S fractionation. As a result, isotopically light sulfur accumulated in sulfides and hydrogen sulfide, isotopically heavy sulfur was removed by aqueous calcium sulfate solution, and “residual” metamorphogenic anhydrite acquired a lighter sulfur isotope composition as compared with the sedimentary one. The wide variations in δ³⁴S in sulfides and sulfates are due to changes in the physicochemical parameters of the ore-forming system (first of all, temperature and P_ch4) during the sulfate reduction. The regional hydrocarbon resources were sufficient for large-scale ore formation.     

初论纳米比亚罗什皮纳地区斑岩型铜矿地质特征——以罗雷铜矿为例

纳米比亚罗什皮纳地区成矿地质条件优越,已发现罗雷铜矿、斯克皮铅锌矿、罗什皮纳铅铜矿及海伯超大型铜矿床以及多处Cu,Pb,Zn,Au及Bi等多处矿(化)点,可望形成铜、铅、锌、钼等多金属矿床集中区,找矿潜力巨大。该文在分析该区地质背景的基础上,总结了罗雷铜矿的地质特征,对其成因进行了探讨,并对罗雷铜矿和海伯铜矿之间的大部地区铜矿找矿潜力进行了展望,指出激发极化法是该区隐伏铜矿床勘查的有效物探手段。