海南省风暴潮预警综合管理平台建设

海南省风暴潮预警综合管理平台通过海域动态专网连接到警戒潮位标志物预警站的智能采集控制器,获取潮位观测和设备运行状态数据,通过数据解析,建立潮位和设备运行监测信息平台中心数据库,在此基础上实现业务管理和应用服务(如数据的监控、统计、查询、图形化分析、报表输出、参数设置、Web客户端等)。临灾前,海南省海洋监测预报中心可依据潮位监测和海洋预报数据,利用风暴潮预警综合管理平台提前对警戒潮位标志物预警站下达预警指令,发布预警信号,警示周边群众及时避险。临灾时,风暴潮预警综合管理平台可为“三防”应急指挥部门提供警戒潮位观测预警站点的风暴增水数据和现场视频画面,为海洋防灾减灾工作和指挥决策提供重要数据支撑和决策依据。     

四川省峨眉山市王山-抓口寺滑坡成因机理研究

2015年6月14日,受连续强降雨影响,峨眉山市九里镇兴阳村王山-抓口寺不稳定斜坡发生滑动,威胁27户52人的安全,由于当地政府提前组织人员紧急撤离,滑坡未造成人员伤亡,直接经济损失约为500万元,间接经济损失3000余万元。通过现场调查和模拟计算,结果表明:(1)滑坡稳定性受凝灰岩夹层控制,受早期采矿开挖和512汶川地震影响,岩体结构破碎,其稳定性处于临界状态,属于滑移-拉裂型; (2)降雨是导致滑坡形成的直接因素,降雨入渗后并转化为地下水,沿凝灰岩夹层上层面流动,滑坡稳定性系数逐渐降低,在重力作用下发生失稳破坏; (3)通过现场调查和分析,总结了滑坡应急避险成功经验及措施。     

地震应急信息自动分类方法研究

地震应急信息的高效处理为地震应急救援工作提供了重要支撑。本文根据地震应急信息分类的需求,构建了一种高效便捷的地震信息分类处理方法。以震前、震时、震后为时间主线,将地震应急信息分为震前基础背景信息、地震震情灾情信息及震后应急救援信息,并采用“关键词分类”的方法,在计算机语言的支持下,将多渠道汇集的应急信息进行自动分类,在一定程度上缩短了应急信息加工处理与服务的时间,能快速高效地为应急指挥提供信息服务。     

Development of a GIS-based monitoring and management system for underground coal mining safety

Coal mine safety is of paramount concern to mining industry. Mine accidents have various causes and consequences including catastrophic failure of mine, substantial economic losses and most notably loss of lives. Therefore, any initiative in mine monitoring is of vital importance for progressing safety surveillance and maintenance.This paper presents the development of a geographic information system (GIS)-based monitoring and management system for underground mine safety in three levels as constructive safety, surveillance and maintenance, and emergency. The developed model integrates the database design and management to the monitoring system implementation which encompasses query and analysis operations with the help of web and desktop applications. Interactive object-oriented graphical user interfaces (GUIs) were developed to visualize information about the entities gathered from the model and also to provide analysis operations based on the graphical representations and demonstrations using data tables and map objects.The research methodology essentially encompasses five main stages: (i) designing a conceptual database model; (ii) development of a logical model in terms of entity-relationship (ER) diagrams; (iii) development of a physical model based on physical constraints and requirements; (iv) development of GUIs and implementation of the developed model, analysis and queries; (v) verification and validation of the created model for Ömerler underground coal mine in Turkey. The proposed system is expected to be an efficient tool for improving and maintaining healthy standards in underground coal mines which can possibly be extended to a national GIS infrastructure.     

Heat health planning: The importance of social and community factors

Extreme heat events frequently have adverse effects on population health. Within every population certain groups and individuals are at a greater risk of heat-related morbidity and mortality than others. While certain physiological characteristics (advanced age, chronic conditions, etc.) are known to increase the risk of illness and/or death during periods of extreme heat, the role of social and community level factors in aggravating or mitigating this risk is poorly understood. This paper reviews the literature on the social and community level factors that affect heat-related morbidity and mortality in order to identify shortfalls in current heat health response plans so that new approaches can be recommended. While social isolation, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and neighborhood characteristics have all been identified as potential factors affecting the risk of heat-related illness and mortality, these are rarely, if ever, identified as heat health research priorities and are thus often neglected in heat emergency planning. Current research and programming practices are often prioritized from the top down where decisions are made at the federal level and research priorities are determined by national research bodies. This, unfortunately, may not allow enough flexibility to meet the needs of physically, socially and culturally diverse communities. A more socio-ecological approach to heat health research and planning would better allow for the identification of community level vulnerabilities and available resources and would encourage communities to work with regional or national partners to adapt response plans accordingly. The development of future plans should involve more partnerships at the community level so that social and community level factors that are currently overlooked may be included in heat health response strategies.     

福建地震现场应急通信系统的运行维护管理

探讨了福建省地震局所配备的现场应急通信系统运行维护(简称运维)的管理.将现场通信系统细分为现场局域网系统、卫星通信系统、现场后勤保障系统和现场单兵通信系统进行维护.从运维管理组织、运维管理制度、运维管理场所、存在的问题及对策等方面论述了如何加强系统维护保养,提高应急装备运用和管理能力.     

地震应急救援能力评价指标与计算方法研究

本文在地震应急与救援体系发展规划、地震应急能力评价指标框架体系研究的基础上,根据应急能力评估的现实需求、数据的可获取性和可计算性等因素,参考社会经济领域统计评价的思路,根据应急救援规划发展目标,给出了地震应急救援能力的评价指标体系,包括指标大类和具体的子指标.以省级行政单元的评估为例,给出了指标的具体含义和计算方法,以...     

渤海海域溢油应急预测预警系统研究Ⅱ. 系统可视化及业务化应用

本系统基于.NET平台,采用C#作为开发语言,对ArcEngine 9.3进行二次开发,融.NET平台的可移植性与ArcEngine 9.3的可视化和空间显示分析功能于一体,实现了溢油行为与归宿预测模块与GIS平台的统一。把溢油漂移的计算结果与地理信息系统等平台相结合,建立了渤海海域应急预测预警系统。也集成了环境敏感资源信息数据库、应急设备、队伍信息数据库和溢油漂移模型,为溢油应急提供溢油敏感资源及应急资源的日常管理,实现溢油漂移预测结果与敏感资源图的叠加耦合,达到对环境敏感资源的快速预警,形成了溢油敏感资源及应急资源管理系统。作为该系统研制中的第二部分,主要介绍了系统的可视化、系统的预报流程、系统案例验证以及业务化应用的研究工作。     

南京市浦口区气象灾害应急管理体系建设研究

以南京市浦口区为研究区域,从应急管理、优化方案设计两方面完善了该区域气象灾害应急预案体系,给出了11个适用于各类气象灾害事件的普适性GIS优化算法,并通过事件编码实现子事件和算法的对接,为各类气象灾害事件的应对方案提供了算法设计基础。通过对南京浦口一次暴雨灾害应急处置案例进行剖析,证实了完备的预案体系和优化的算法设计能明显提高灾害应急管理效率,显著减少生命财产损失。     

Factors Affecting Evacuation Behavior: The Case of 2007 Cyclone Sidr,Bangladesh

Cyclone Sidr, a Category 4 storm, struck the southwestern coast of Bangladesh on 15 November 2007. Despite early cyclone warnings and emergency evacuation orders for coastal residents, thousands of individuals stayed in their homes. This study examines Sidr victims’ responses to cyclone warnings and evacuation orders, and explores the factors that would explain why the victims did or did not comply with the orders. Based on survey data collected from 277 Sidr survivors living in the four most severely impacted coastal districts, this study found that more than 75 percent of all respondents were aware of the cyclone warnings and evacuation orders before Sidr's landfall. Despite the efforts of the Bangladesh government, there were lapses in cyclone warnings and evacuation procedures. Field data also reveal several reasons cited by respondents for not complying with evacuation orders. Multivariate analyses of survey data show that trust in warning messages was the most important determinant in the decision to seek refuge in safer shelters, followed by distance to nearest shelter and annual level of education. Several recommendations have been made to improve cyclone warnings and the use of public shelters for similar future events.