Application of an earthquake early warning system and a real-time strong motion monitoring system in emergency response in a high-rise building

We apply a combination of earthquake early warning system (EEWS) and real-time strong motion monitoring system (RSMS) to emergency response for a high-rise building; The Kogakuin University has a 29-story high-rise building in Shinjuku Ward, Tokyo. The proposed strategy is based on the Plan, Do, Check, Action (PDCA) Cycle to brush up the systems and the users: in the “Plan” stage, we apply EEWS and RSMS to the building, where EEWS predicts not only short-period strong ground motions but also long-period ground motions [1]. The system is built into a building announcement system, an emergency elevator control system, and an email message system, which quickly send emails to the emergency response team. Meanwhile, RSMS provides information on seismic intensities at each floor of the building via the web browser in real time using the existing network in the building. In addition, the building response and structural damage can be estimated based on this information. The network system is impervious to the earthquake damage, because the network cable has extra length, there is, however, possible that a network system does not work due to power outage. Thus, we develop the network system that has uninterruptible power-supply system (UPS) and apply it to EEWS and RSMS. The high-rise building has the emergency call units to the security control center in the building on every floor. The emergency call line, however, will be busy promptly, because it is able to use only one line. Therefore, we installed IP telephone which uses the network system on main floors. UPS will work about 30 min after a major earthquake, it is supposed to be enough time for gathering the damage information about the building during initial response. In the “Do” stage, we prepare emergency response instruction manuals and educate the faculty members and students to carry out promptly emergency response. In the “Check” stage, the validity of the proposed systems are verified by carrying out an earthquake drill in an actual high-rise building. The earthquake drill confirmed that our proposed approach is valid. In the final “Action” stage, we improve these systems and emergency response manual and educate people in the building how to use effectively these systems.     

The Emergency Scientific Investigation on the Surface Rupture Zone of the M_S 7.1 Yushu Earthquake

The coseismic surface rupture zone of the seismogenic fault of the MS7.1 Yushu earthquake includes three left-stepping main ruptures, striking 300°～320°, in general. An approximately 2km-long en echelon tension fissure zone was found at Longbao town. The main rupture in the northern part is about 16km long, about 9km long in the middle part, and about 7km long in the southern part, with a total length of 34km. Each of the main ruptures consists of a series of en echelon sub-ruptures represented by a series of compression bulges alternating with tension fissures or by en echelon fissures. The rupture at Changusi, the southernmost of the ruptures, is characterized by vertical displacement, with a value of 50cm. The rupture zone shows left-lateral strike-slip characteristics. The maximal horizontal slip is on the northern main rupture, with a value of 1.8m.     

由大震现场救援分析制定标准工作程序的必要性

一个高效、实用和可操作的地震应急救援管理体系,需要在灾害预防、应急准备、应急处置及灾后恢复四个阶段有足够的建设指导和标准规范,而我国地震应急预案在这方面存在明显的不足.通过分析大震现场救援暴露的问题,借鉴国外先进经验,讨论了制定地震紧急救援标准工作程序的必要性,并提出9条标准工作程序的制定建议.     

甘肃省城市应急供水水源地规划研究

依据近年来从事项目所收集的资料,结合前人的研究成果,为甘肃省62个城市规划了66处城市供水应急水源地。其中：地下水水源地51处,占规划应急水源地的77.27%;地表水水源地15处,占规划应急水源地的22.73%;同时指出应进一步开展城市供水应急水源地勘查工作,评价应急开采量或可供水量,提高城市应对突发事件的保障水平。     

福建省地震应急指挥系统介绍

本文简要介绍“九五”期间完成的福建省地震应急指挥系统基本目标和主要内容 ,重点阐述各个子系统的功能及其在各个方面实际中的应用。说明本系统在我局日常和应急工作中都已发挥重要的作用。同时指出 ,经过系统建设出了成果也出人才。这为我局“十五”项目的实施和今后防震减灾事业的进一步发展打下了坚实的基础。     

Inter-organizational coordination in extreme events: The World Trade Center attacks, September 11, 2001

This paper addresses the problem of inter-organizational coordination in response to extreme events. Extreme events require coordinated action among multiple actors across many jurisdictions under conditions of urgent stress, heavy demand and tight time constraints. The problem is socio-technical in that the capacity for inter-organizational coordination depends upon the technical structure and performance of the information systems that support decision making among the participating organizations. Interactions among human managers, computers and organizations under suddenly altered conditions of operation are complex and not well understood. Yet, coordinating response operations to extreme events is an extraordinarily complex task for public and nonprofit managers. This paper will analyze the interactions among public, private and nonprofit organizations that evolved in response to the 11 September 2001 attacks, examining the relationships among organizations in terms of timely access to information and types of supporting infrastructure. The performance of the inter-organizational system is examined in the context of the events of 11 September 2001 from the theoretical perspective of complex adaptive systems. A model of auto-adaptation is proposed for implementation to improve inter- organizational performance in extreme events. This model is based on the concept of individual, organizational and collective learning in environments exposed to recurring risk, guided by a shared goal. Such a model requires public investment in the development of an information infrastructure that can support the intense demand for communication, information search, exchange and feedback that characterizes an auto-adaptive system.     

地质灾害远程会商及应急指挥系统建设初探

本文提出了构建于卫星通讯网络的地质灾害远程会商及应急指挥系统建设的初步设想。初步构建由网络通讯平台、信息资源管理平台、信息分析及决策支持平台、信息发布及应急指挥平台组成的综合信息系统。     

Organisations in Disaster

In the event of a disaster, communities become the targets of specialist organisations and a concentration of activities. The complex unstructured activities and routines of daily life are disrupted and even totally overwhelmed by a single catastrophic event that requires a redirection of priorities, resources and people to deal with all aspects of the disaster impact as rapidly as possible. The whole community must be mobilised to restore functions and meet needs, to return to the normality of the pre-disaster state. This latter purpose is least likely to be achieved, as the destroyed community can seldom rebuild to the same complex, but randomly haphazard state that existed before the disaster. The mobilisation of the whole community to the single purpose of recovery requires a high level of organisation. Response to a disaster demands that there be purposeful organisations ready to provide leadership and action. Emergency management is predicated for the existence of such purposeful organisations. However, while organisations are at the core of emergency management response and recovery, they are by no means simple or singular. Disaster generates a plethora of organisations, which interact with the community rather than simply organising disaster response. The community also organises itself, re-assigning priorities and using existing organisations and networks.     

法国防雷工作现状及启示

介绍了法国雷电监测预警系统AMEO 340和防雷业务管理工作,并借鉴其经验,从做好雷电灾害调查与评估和雷电灾害区划,规划建设雷电灾害监测预警平台和预报平台,实现全省雷电业务集约化发展,开展雷电科学技术研究,建立雷电灾害应急处置机制等方面,探讨如何做好防雷业务工作。     

Systematic Inquiry into Barriers to Researcher Access: Evidence from a Homeless Shelter*

Geographers using qualitative methods face numerous challenges, including barriers to access to the research setting that emerge through the interactions among the researcher's identity, participants, and the research setting itself. However, few geographers have systematically traced, within a single research setting, (1) how barriers originate, (2) how they subsequently complicate the research enterprise, and (3) how they may potentially be overcome. Upon defining various generic barriers to access, I focus on the origins of, encounters with, and potential strategies to overcome two barriers (factions and spatiotemporal limits) during my research experiences at the Palms Mission, an emergency shelter in Central Los Angeles. Ultimately, understanding the negotiation of these barriers informs the broader research process.