盾构掘进引起地表沉降的多因素敏感性分析

为了研究各因素在盾构法施工中对地表沉降的影响程度,基于敏感性分析原理,针对一地铁盾构实例,选取土体弹性模量、土仓压力、地下水等3个影响地表沉降的因素,通过变化某一基准参数,让其余影响因素固定,分析研究了盾构施工引起地表沉降对各因素的敏感性。结果如下:弹性模量提高10%时,地表累积最大沉降量可减小15%～20%;在地下水存在的情况下,地表沉降显著增大;而对于砂性土而言,土仓压力越高地表沉降值略有增加。研究结果表明:地表沉降对穿越地层的弹性模量和地下水比较敏感,而对土仓压力敏感性较小。     

Correction of soil parameters in calculation of embankment settlement using a BP network back-analysis model

Finite element method (FEM) have been widely used for the calculation of settlement of embankment on soft soils in the last decade. However, due to the complexity of construction, spatial inhomogeneity of soils, as well as sensitivity of numerical results to the variation of soil parameters, large discrepancy typically exists between numerical outputs and field observations. This paper presents a novel method, combining FEM and an improved back-propagation (BP) neural network, for correction of soil parameters in numerical prediction of embankment settlement. Duncan–Chang hyperbolic soil model is adopted with the sensitivity of eight constitutive parameters numerically investigated. The soil parameters with large sensitivity are identified, and together with the representative settlements, are used for the training of the improved BP neural network which, once established, generates correction factors of soil parameters for subsequent more accurate FEM forward predictions. It is demonstrated that the proposed numerical back-analysis framework is very efficient in practical engineering applications to calculate highway settlement.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Rabat: Urban Apartheid in Morocco . Janet Abu -Lughod . Marketplaces in a Developing Country: The Case of Western Nigeria . Isaac Ayinde Adalemo . Farming Development and Space: A World Agricultural Geography . Bernd Andreae . Section and Party: A Political Geography of American Presidential Elections, from Andrew Jackson to Ronald Reagan . J. Clark Archer and Peter J. Taylor . Women and Space: Ground Rules and Social Maps . Shirley Ardener , ed. European Progress in Spatial Analysis . R. J. Bennett , ed. The Origins of Academic Geography in the United States . Brian W. Blouet Geographic Perspectives on Global Problems . Ronald Reed Boyce . Seasonal Dimensions to Rural Poverty . Robert Chambers , Richard Longhurst and Arnold Pacey eds. The New Nationalism and the Use of Common Spaces: Issues in Marine Pollution and the Exploitation of Antarctica . Jonathan I. Charney , ed. Communications Tomorrow: The Coming of the Information Society . Edward Cornish , ed. The Design of Suburbia . Arthur Edwards . Explorer on the Northern Plains: Lieutenant Gouverneur K. Warren's Preliminary Report of Explorations in Nebraska and Dakota in the Years 1855–56–57. With an Introduction by Frank N. Schubert . The Changing Climate: Responses of the Natural Flora and Fauna . Michael J. Ford . Essentials of Physical Geography . Robert E. Gabler , Robert J. Sager , Sheila Brazier , and Daniel L. Wise. The Road to Jaramillo . William Glen . Valued Environments . John R. Gold and Jacquelin Burgess , eds. Proximity and Preference: Problems in the Multidimensional Analysis of Large Data Sets . Reginald G. Golledge and John N. Rayner , eds. A Search for Common Ground . Peter Gould and Gunnar Olsson , eds. Geography: Its History and Concepts . Arild Holt -Jensen . A Population Geography . Huw R. Jones . The Human Mosaic: A Thematic Introduction to Cultural Geography, 3rd ed. Terry G. Jordan and Lester Rowntree . Urban Social Geography: An Introduction . Paul Knox . The Anatomy of Job Loss: The How, Why and Where of Employment Decline . Doreen Massey and Richard Meegan . The Information Society as Post-Industial Society . Yoneji Masuda . Map Librarianship, 2nd ed. Harold Nichols . India: Cultural Patterns and Processes . Allen G. Noble and Ashok K. Dutt , eds. The God that Limps: Science and Technology in the Eighties . Colin Norman . Geography: An Introductory Perspective . Robert E. Norris , Keith D. Harries and John D. Vitek . The Politics of Technology Assessment . David M. O'Brien and Donald A. Marchand . Ethnic Segregation in Cities . Ceri Peach , Vaughan Robinson and Susan Smith , eds. Churches and Church Membership in the United States, 1980 . Bernard Quinn , Herman Anderson , Martin Bradley , Paul Goetting and Peggy Shriver . Energy in Australia: Politics and Economics . Hugh Saddler . Development from Above or Below? The Dialectics of Regional Planning in Developing Countries . Walter B. Stóuhr and D. R. Fraser Taylor , eds. Human Impact on the Ecosystem . Joy Tivy and Greg O'Hare . Plants and People: Vegetation Change in North America . Thomas R. Vale . The Mapmakers: The Story of the Great Pioneers in Cartography from Antiquity to the Space Age . John Noble Wilford .     

不同预制梁台座对软基差异沉降的影响分析

在软基路段上建造预制梁场,合理的布设预制梁台座能有效地减小软基差异沉降。采用有限元软件Midas/GTS建立三维计算模型,分析不同预制梁台座布设形式对软基差异沉降的影响。结果表明：当梁台座按横向排布时,梁场中部的梁台座总沉降量与每2 m长度上的最大差异沉降量均比外侧要大,且每2 m长度上最大差异沉降量较纵向排布大,建议优先纵向布设预制梁台座;当台座采用扩大基础时,台座总体沉降量比浅基础明显减小,最大沉降量由11.6 mm降低至8.5 mm,台座的2 m长度上的不均匀沉降量由0.41 mm降低至0.12 mm,建议优先选用扩大基础台座。     

基于沉降速率比法计算淤泥质黏土沉降的修正方法

基于太沙基固结理论和淤泥质黏土的沉降规律,综合考虑瞬时沉降、主-次固结沉降各阶段的影响,提出了一种基于沉降速率比法计算淤泥质黏土沉降的修正方法。该方法仅需要对前期沉降速率进行最小二乘法分析,求得固结系数,从而可对淤泥质黏土沉降全过程进行预测。工程实例表明,该方法预测沉降量与实测值吻合很好,可为同类工程提供参考。     

考虑加筋与遮帘效应的层状地基群桩沉降计算

桩群在土中的加筋与遮帘效应是客观存在的,但目前的理论与实践均未能或有效地考虑该效应.基于剪切变形法原理,在计算某一根桩沉降时,考虑了其他各相邻基桩的存在对该桩沉降的折减,即加筋与遮帘效应,得到了桩侧桩-土接触等效剪切弹簧刚度,建立了桩身位移微分方程,分别求得桩顶沉降-桩端沉降、桩顶荷载-桩端压力的递推关系,从而得到了各桩在自身荷载作用下引起自身沉降的柔度系数; 同理,也求得了各邻桩在其桩顶荷载下引起它桩沉降的柔度系数,最终建立了群桩沉降计算的柔度矩阵方程.推导过程中,考虑了地基土的成层性及桩端沉降的相互影响,并提出了基于一定深度内的Mindlin位移解且考虑桩径影响的桩端压力-桩端位移关系新模式.算例结果表明,本文方法与实测值较为接近,且按本文方法求得的群桩中基桩相互作用系数明显小于弹性理论计算结果,且与实测值吻合较好.     

基于PS-InSAR技术的泉州欣佳怡酒店建筑沉降分析

以福建省泉州市2020年3月发生坍塌的欣佳怡酒店为例,利用事故前一年左右的多期"哨兵一号"SAR影像数据,基于永久散射体技术对事故酒店的建筑沉降情况进行反演分析,通过对酒店上的永久散射体点进行沉降监测并绘制沉降曲线,从中发现坍塌事故发生前建筑出现不均匀沉降的征兆规律,为相关文献的事故原因分析提供了数据佐证。     

考虑循环变温的软土热固结模型

在能源岩土工程发展需求背景下,土体工程特性的温度效应研究受到了国内外学者的广泛关注。针对现有关于循环变温热固结理论研究的不足,提出考虑循环变温条件下土体先期固结压力随温度循环次数变化的关系式,计算多次循环变温后软土的固结压缩量。在此基础上,推导考虑循环变温的太沙基固结修正公式,分析整个循环变温过程中孔压和固结沉降的变化规律。最后通过与单元体测试结果进行对比,验证该计算模型的可靠性。研究结果表明,在循环变温和瞬时荷载的耦合作用下,土体的沉降变形和孔压随温度循环次数的变化而变化,且影响程度与循环次数相关;新型热固结模型为涉及循环变温的岩土工程问题分析提供了一定的理论支撑。     

新陈代谢GM(1,1)模型在大坝边坡沉降监测中的应用

针对传统GM(1,1)模型存在数据序列的初始值过旧使预测意义减弱的问题,文中采用更新数据序列初始值的新陈代谢GM(1,1)模型对传统模型进行改进;以南方某大坝边坡监测点的沉降位移为例,分别使用两种模型对该监测点沉降位移进行拟合预测并与实际值进行比较。实验证明,新陈代谢GM(1,1)模型精度明显高于传统模型,更接近于真实值。     

基于Kalman滤波的高耸建筑物沉降预测模型研究

为了提高高耸建筑物沉降监测数据的可信性与实时预测的准确性,利用小波分析与Kalman滤波在数据处理方面的优势,采用小波分析先对沉降数据进行去噪,并采用Kalman滤波理论进行预测。通过实验数据的对比分析,结合小波去噪分析与Kalman滤波理论对原始沉降变形量进行沉降预测,能克服只使用单一Kalman滤波方法进行沉降预测中噪声处理的不足,验证了小波分析及结合Kalman滤波理论进行沉降预测的可行性,且预测精度比较高。