基于遗传蠕变理论的土石坝沉降监测混合模型

土石坝沉降监测是用来掌握坝体状态、确定最终坝高、验证指导设计施工的重要手段.为使监测分析模型深入揭示施工期沉降规律,从遗传蠕变理论出发,将监测模型分解为确定部分和统计部分,组合形成混合模型.模型针对施工期填筑的特点,考虑了填筑进程及材料蠕变特性对沉降的影响.根据实用现况,在有限元基础上建立沉降填筑确定模型部分,采用遗传蠕变思想构造能体现填筑进程影响的统计因子,以回归计算求解参数建立混合模型.实例证明,模型效果很好,有利于对填筑期土石坝沉降的监控和预测.     

地基不均匀沉降对上部结构影响的三维弹性支承分析法

地基不均匀沉降是导致建筑工程事故的主要原因之一。为了研究地基不均匀沉降对上部结构内力、变形、周期等影响,提出了将地基(或基础)模拟为三维弹性支座的有限元分析方法,将上部结构和地基基础进行整体分析。以深圳市少年宫“水晶石”大厅结构为例,运用有限元软件ANSYS,将三维弹性支承分析法与常用的固定支座法和竖向弹性支承分析法进行了对比分析,验证了三维弹性支承分析法的合理性,从而得出了一些有益的结论,可供设计人员参考。     

路堤荷载下CFG桩复合地基沉降分析

分析了路堤荷载下CFG桩复合地基的变形机理，根据假定的沉降模式及桩侧摩阻力分布形式，推导出了考虑桩-土-褥垫层共同作用的简化沉降计算公式，结果与试验数据吻合较好。     

Modeling uncertainty in stability analysis for design of embankment dams on difficult foundations

A probabilistic 3-D slope stability analysis model (PTDSSAM) is developed to evaluate the stability of embankment dams and their foundations under conditions of staged construction taking into consideration uncertainty, spatial variabilities and correlations of shear strength parameters, as well as the uncertainties in pore water pressure. The model has the following capabilities: (1) conducting undrained shear strength analysis (USA) and effective stress analysis (ESA) slope stability analysis of staged construction, (2) incorporation of field monitored data of pore water pressure, and (3) incorporation of increase of undrained shear strength with depth, effective stress, and pore water pressure dissipation. The PTDSSAM model is incorporated in a computer program that can analyze slopes located in multilayered deposits, considering the total slope width.

The main outputs of the program are the geometric parameters of the most critical sliding surface (i.e., center of rotation/radius of rotation and critical width of failure), mean 2-D safety factor, mean 3-D safety factor, squared coefficient of variation of resisting moment, and the probability of slope failure. The program is applied to a case study, Karameh dam in Jordan. Monitored data of induced pore water pressure in the dam embankment and soft foundation were gathered during dam construction.

The stability of Karameh dam embankment and foundation was evaluated during staged construction using deterministic and probabilistic analysis. Foundation stability was evaluated based on the monitored data of pore water pressure.

The study showed that the mean values of the corrective factors which account for the discrepancies between the in situ and laboratory-measured values of soil properties and for the modeling errors have significant influence on the 2-D safety factor, 3-D safety factor, slope probability of failure, and on the expected failure width.

The degree of spatial correlation associated with shear strength parameters within a soil deposit also influences the probability of slope failure and the expected failure width. This correlation is quantified by scale of fluctuation. It is found that a larger scale of fluctuation gives an increase in the probability of slope failure and a reduction in the critical failure width.     

阳离子浓度对泥沙沉速影响实验研究

应用了静态沉降实验方法中的移液管法,初步研究了水中常见阳离子对河流中细颗粒泥沙沉速的影响,这些阳离子包括Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+和Al3+等。实验结果表明,阳离子浓度对泥沙沉速的影响可以分为两个阶段:①随着阳离子浓度的增加泥沙沉速也增大;②当离子浓度大于某值时,离子浓度对泥沙沉速的影响不大。在同样离子浓度条件下,离子价态高者影响较大。同时分析了长江和黄河干流中下游河段的水化学特性;分析结果表明,在一般的河水水质的情况下,有必要考虑水中阳离子(主要是Ca2+、Mg2+)对细颗粒泥沙沉速的影响。     

Laplace变换解双层地基固结问题

连云港地区的软土是海相淤泥和淤泥质土.在连云港软土地区修筑高速公路时,通常采用水泥土搅拌桩地基处理方法使路基强度和变形满足工程的要求.该类软土压缩沉降量大,排水固结缓慢,地基稳定性差,造成高速公路建设中及建成后工程问题频繁出现.从江苏海相软土的工程实例出发,将经水泥土搅拌桩处理后的高速公路路基简化为双层地基,借助Laplace变换求解了二级加荷下的双层地基一维固结问题,为克服对固结方程进行Laplace逆变换的困难,在Laplace逆变换中运用Stehfest算法进行数值求解,该双层地基固结沉降计算结果与实际观测数据基本一致.     

大比例尺地形图街区式居民地分层综合模型与实现

本文在提出了一种在较大比例尺地形图上,将街区式居民地划分成行政区层、街道层、街区层和建筑物层,然后以自上而下的方法逐层独立进行综合的数据及算法模型,并通过一个典型的试验区完成了该模型的机上实现。     

桩基沉降分析

桩基作为古老而有效的地基处理方法,在长达数百年主要是近半个世纪的使用过程中,不断得到发展,但也曾遭到非难过,争论的焦点是它的作用——能否有效地减少建筑物的沉降,并且恰当精确地预估它。本文仅对这一问题进行讨论,以期抛砖引玉。     

一种以P～S曲线求解桩的荷载和沉降分布的方法

本文根据桩侧桩端间桩土相互作用的机理，以及桩顶沉降和桩身变形、桩端沉降的相互关系，提出了一种划分摩阻力、端承力和摩阻力产生的桩身变形，端承力产生的桩身变形，桩端沉降的方法，该方法具有如下的优点：能划分任一级荷载下的桩身变形和沉降值，摩阻力和端承力的大小，文中还将该方法和现有方法求解的结果以及实测结果进行了对比、分析。在对桩的Ｐ￣Ｓ曲线进行分析的基础上，将Ｐ￣Ｓ曲线划分为四个阶段，该四个阶段以作图法     

Non-uniform granular pile–mat foundations: analysis and model tests

Granular piles are commonly used to improve bearing capacity and reduce settlements of soft soil in coastal and lowland areas. Due to various reasons, granular piles tend to acquire a non-uniform tapered-down cross-section in actual construction process. In this paper, a simple theoretical approach to predict deformation behaviour of soft ground reinforced with non-uniform granular pile–mat system is presented. A small-scale experimental set-up is fabricated in the laboratory and tests performed. Results predicted by the proposed approach compare well with the laboratory tests, and the field tests and other numerical test results available in literature. A parametric study has been carried out to evaluate the relative influence of granular mat thickness and relative stiffness on various responses of non-uniform granular piles.