中俄原油管道漠大线运营后面临一些冻害问题及防治措施建议

基于世界上几条多年冻土区修建输油气管道的经验,结合我国境内的中俄原油管道漠河－大庆段（漠大线）现场调查、油温监测和探地雷达等勘察结果,研究漠大线运营后可能面临的主要冻害问题、形成过程、影响因素、成灾机制、管道影响,提出预防和防治措施建议及进一步需要研究的主要问题。研究发现,目前漠大线面临的主要冻害问题包括融沉、冻胀丘、冰椎、冻土斜坡、冰刨蚀和潜在冻胀等,在管道持续运行和环境条件改变下,这些冻融灾害可能对管道造成一定的不利影响甚至破坏。现场油温监测显示,在2011年和2012年最低和最高油温分别为0.42 ℃和16.2 ℃,全年的正油温运行是造成目前管道周围冻土融沉的主要原因。冬季部分地段出现的冻胀丘、冰椎以及浮冰对管道形成一定的潜在威胁。研究成果为中俄原油管道漠大线以及规划建设的中俄原油管道二线、中俄输气管道、格尔木－拉萨输油管道改造工程以及其他多年冻土区输油气管道设计、施工、运营和维护提供参考和依据。     

对济南地区基坑降水引起既有地基沉降的认识

结合工程经验,对基坑降水引起的周边既有建筑地基沉降的影响因素进行了总结,针对采用分层总和法估算降水引起地基沉降公式中,对应附加应力段的压缩系数取值不准问题,提出了采用基于地层应力历史的降水引起周边地基沉降的估算方法,并结合工程实例对降水引起地基沉降进行了预测。     

考虑压缩模量深度效应的深厚软土桩基沉降计算

对于深厚软土桥梁桩基础的沉降计算,土层的压缩模量是一个极为重要的参数。针对京沪高速铁路桥梁桩基沉降,以DK152工点处的土工试验数据和现场测试成果为基础,通过拟合分析得到与土层深度有关的天然状态下压缩模量计算公式。在该基础上,进一步运用神经网络建立土层压缩模量与桩基沉降之间的映射关系,对不同土层在不同深度的压缩模量进行反演分析,相关反演结果与经验公式计算值基本一致,得到的桩基沉降量与现场监测位移吻合良好,说明文中提出的压缩模量计算公式的准确性和实用性,相关模型概化和反演计算方法也是合理的,对深厚软土地基下高速铁路桥梁深长桩基的沉降计算有一定的参考价值。     

上海地区饱和粉土层中土钉墙支护的工程实践

通过虹祺花苑复合式土钉墙工程实例,阐述饱和粉土层中的土钉墙支护计算原理及现场施工要点,并总结了技术要点及注意事项以资推广。     

单桩沉降的半经验计算法

由单桩的沉降机理导出一种计算软土地基单桩沉降的半理论半经验方法,并根据实测资料的回归、拟合确定经验系数。通过与实测单桩沉降数据的比较,表明该方法的可行性。     

Parametric study for optimal design of large piled raft foundations on sand

In designing piled raft foundations, controlling the total and differential settlements as well as the induced bending moments of the raft is crucial. The majority of piled raft foundations have been designed by placing piles uniformly. In such a design method, the settlements of the piled rafts are likely to be large, which leads to an increase of the pile length and/or number of piles required to reduce the settlements. However, this increase does not satisfy the requirement for economical design. On the basis of a parametric study, this paper contributes a framework for considering an economical design methodology in which piles are placed more densely beneath the column positions when the piled raft is subjected to column loads. The analysis uses PLAXIS 3D software, and the validity of the parametric study is examined through the results of centrifuge model tests conducted by the authors. The study shows that the concentrated pile arrangement method can help to considerably reduce the total and differential settlements as well as the induced bending moments of the raft. Moreover, the effects of parameters, such as pile length, pile number, raft thickness and load types, on the piled raft behavior are investigated. This study can help practicing engineers choose pile and raft parameters in combination with the concentrated pile arrangement method to produce an economical design.     

桩端沉降测量对试桩成果分析的意义

桩端沉降测量和试桩资料的分析结果表明,桩在传递上部荷载与地基土之间产生的应力应变过程,表现为桩的弹性杆件和地基土的弹—塑性变形特征。从而对受荷桩,尤其是长柱和超长桩的应力应变特征有了更切合实际的认识。     

Numerical predictions of the behaviour of soft clay with two anisotropic elastoplastic models

The numerical predictions obtained with the Melanie and MIT-E3 models are compared. Firstly, the performance of the constitutive models is checked against undrained triaxial tests. The models are then used to replicate the behaviour of an embankment built on soft clay. The numerical results are compared with the field data in terms of settlements, lateral displacements and excess pore pressures. Additionally, the numerical predictions are also analysed in terms of yield area, contours of vertical effective stresses, horizontal effective stresses and shear stresses and in terms of effective stress paths.     

真空联合堆载预压加固桥头软基地表沉降分析

根据浃里陈大桥桥头试验段的地表沉降的现场监测结果,主要分析了加固区的地表沉降随时间的变化规律、影响区的地表沉降特征以及对周围建筑物的影响;真空能量与地表沉降的关系以及停泵后的地表回弹量.结果表明,真空联合堆载能大幅消除沉降量,减少工后沉降量,达到防止"桥头跳车"的作用.     

基于灰色理论的真空堆载预压分层沉降预测

对真空堆载预压加固处理的软土地基,用灰色理论模型预测地基的分层沉降,结果表明：对于土层分布均匀的地基,verhulst模型能较准确地预测分层沉降,误差在10％以内。对于土层分布不均匀的地基,verhulst模型预测误差较大,进行残差修正,修正的verhulst模型能较准确地预测分层沉降。用不同点数预测地基的分层沉降,同实测沉降数据对比发现、对于土层均匀或不均匀的软土地基,在已知真空影响范围外土层的沉降时,灰色模型就能较准确地预测分层沉降。