概率性分析在黄土场地动力沉降评价中的应用

天然黄土动残余应变研究主要依赖室内动三轴试验,如何将有限室内试验数据合理地应用于场地动力沉降的定量评价,是岩土地震工程领域中研究涉足尚少的重要科学问题。应用概率统计与蒙特卡洛模拟等非确定性分析方法,借助综合考虑固结应力、结构强度、空间体积特性和地震动荷载等动残余应变关键影响参量的估算模型,提出有效弱化土体物性参量不确定性（离散性与随机性）的场地动力沉降概率性评价的思路与方法。应用结果显示,利用该方法得出的场地动力沉降的概率分布特征,能够反映天然黄土动残余应变的基本认知特点,对明晰地震作用下天然黄土场地精细动力沉降特性以及据此采用适当合理的地基处理方法,具有理论意义与实用价值。     

阿家岭隧道穿越既有铁路线综合施工技术

阿家岭隧道穿越既有铁路线,通过采取洞室管棚预支护、沉降反馈开挖法、加强初期支护、监控量测技术、管棚变形监测等综合治理技术,有效地控制了既有铁路的线路沉降量,保证了顺利穿越既有铁路线。该综合技术根据隧道施工条件,突破常规施工方法和工艺,为施工类似隧道提供了参考。     

冻土沉降钻孔数码监测装置的研制

变形监测是岩土工程的重要组成部分,但大量常温工作环境下的岩土工程监测设备在面对低温环境时,将会遇到较非冻结区更为复杂的问题,其性能也将大打折扣。结合冻土区变形监测的特殊性,吸取数码监测、光纤传输的优点,研制了冻土变形钻孔沉降监测装置,详细介绍了该装置的原理和实施方式,并将其运用到青藏铁路试验路堤的现场监测中。结果显示该设备操作简单方便、监测结果可靠,精度满足科研、工程要求,可在冻土工程中运用。     

建筑垃圾填埋场沉降计算中模型参数灵敏度分析

建筑垃圾土的变形机理复杂,它不同于传统意义上的土体。通过大量的非线性有限元计算,找到了双屈服面模型中影响建筑垃圾填埋场沉降的主要参数,并给出了各参数与沉降之间的定性关系,为建筑垃圾填埋场沉降计算和参数灵敏度分析奠定了基础。     

基于Weibull曲线的软基沉降预测模型分析

结合软基沉降机理,提出用Weibull模型预测软基沉降全过程。该预测模型参数意义较为明确,可以反映加载速度等因素的影响,克服了其它两种成长模型反弯点处沉降值与最终沉降相对不变的缺点。在利用其它模型预测时,只有初步判断实测样本反弯点的位置才能较科学的选择有效样本和相应模型进行预测。Weibull模型可以充分利用沉降观测样本,具有广泛的适应性,指数模型是它的一种退化形式。它不但可以预测线性加载的软基沉降,而且可以预测一次加载或近似一次加载的软基沉降。工程实例的实测和计算比较说明该模型是可靠的。     

Using resistivity measurements for dam safety evaluation at Enemossen tailings dam in southern Sweden

Internal erosion is a major reason for embankment dam failures. Resistivity measurements is an essentially non-destructive technique, which may have the possibility of detecting internal erosion processes and anomalous seepage at an early stage before the safety of the dam is at stake. This paper presents results from part of a dam safety investigation conducted at the Enemossen tailings dam in southern Sweden. Longitudinal resistivity sections, 2D measurements along the dam crest, provided an overview of the whole dam and served to detect anomalous zones. In selected areas, additional cross-sectional 2D surveys gave detailed information about the geo-electrical situations in the embankments. This information is valuable for similar investigations as information about resistivity in embankment construction material is scarce. Known problem areas were associated with low resistivities, even though the resistivity measurements alone did not provide enough information to confidently come to a decision about the status of the dams.

苏南地区城乡聚落空间演化过程及其格局特征

当前,城乡聚落空间正由自然和经济社会条件存在差异的等级体系转变为密切联系的网络化结构,城乡融合已经成为中国城乡聚落空间演化发展的重要方向。以苏南地区为例,对20世纪90年代以来的城乡聚落空间演化过程及其格局特征进行分析,发现2000年以后城镇聚落扩张强度远高于乡村聚落,城乡聚落空间结构可进一步归纳为集中、双心、多核和密集4种基本格局。该研究对乡村振兴背景下的城乡聚落空间优化布局具有一定指导作用。     

A rural development strategy for the Apuseni Mountains, Romania

The Apuseni Mountains, part of the Western Carpathians, are distinctive in cultural terms because of the highly dispersed settlement patterns that have developed on the high erosion surfaces where the Moti people cleared the forests to allow for an expansion of family farming in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. These small ‘crang’ settlements remain, but the population is declining in the face of limited employment opportunities and poor services. The question arises as to the most appropriate rural development strategy for the region, following the communist period which encouraged centralisation through the provision of housing and industry in key villages and new towns. The emphasis on private farming and the expansion of tourism could protect the inherited cultural landscape but money must be found to improve rural services. There is also a strong conservation movement which supports the establishment of a national park, but this could constrain development through controls on grazing and woodcutting. Hence the dialogue continues to find the best compromise and the concept of a ‘natural park’ is being discussed with such a reconciliation in mind. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

多年冻土区输油管道-管周冻土热力相互作用研究进展

冻土区管道工程建设面临冻土工程特性及相关地质问题的严重挑战,开展管道-冻土相互作用研究对于解决管道稳定性问题具有重要的实际指导意义。综述国内外输油管道-冻土热力相互作用研究进展发现,目前研究集中在特定（定值或周期变化）油温下管周土温度场的定量描述以及差异冻胀/融沉下交界面处管道力学响应规律的解耦分析,缺乏完整时空序列的现场综合观测与管土界面特性及其动态演化研究。对管道防融沉措施进行归纳总结发现,各措施应用效果缺乏管道应力与变形数据的有效支持。应加强管道本身与管道沿线次生冻融灾害监测及相关数据获取,以此为校验开展管土界面特性及演化规律的系统研究,以便构建更为合理的管土接触面单元模型,将其和具有普适性的冻土模型相结合,植入有限元软件提高管土相互作用模型计算可靠性,并建议立足管道变形角度对防融沉措施的工程应用效果予以综合评价。