高空急流加速与低层锋生

本文从动力学上找到了低层锋生函数同急流区内纬向平均风加速的关系,指出高空急流加速有利于大气低层锋生,并从天气学的角度给出了高空急流加速同低层大气锋生的环流形态特征。即高空波的动量和热量通量在急流区的辐合,促使高空急流加速,并引起急流入口区上下层之间的质量调整,在急流轴高度以下出现一个反环流,反环流的上升支同其下原有的弱锋前的上滑爬升气流发生耦合,造成上滑气流加强,低层锋面坡度变陡,冷暖对比明显,引起大气低层锋生。     

我国发展中的水环境问题与对策

本文根据我国水资源短缺与分布不均的特点，比较综合地分析了污染与经济发展的关系以及全国水污染的区域差异规律和发展趋势。并在此基础上提出了利用环境自净功能，合理布局工业；改革生产流程，控制污染物排放；利用多种途径改进环境治理措施和强化环境管理等主要对策构思。     

CLASSIFICATION OF MASS SPECTRA

In order to investigate correlations between the functionality of compounds and the classification of theirmass spectra,low-resolution spectra of monofunctional compounds have been classified by foursupervised classification methods.The new classes are characterized by structural features and thecorrelation between functionality and classification is explained by fragmentation rules.Systematicmisclassifications show that low-resolution mass spectra alone are not suitable for reliable identificationof functionality.     

天山的冰川现状与未来气候趋势

天山东段哈密庙儿沟、乌鲁木齐河源冰川;中段卡拉格玉格冰川和阿克希拉克山地冰川;西段图尤克苏冰川及其他冰川,本世纪40年代起一直处于退缩状态(较少冰川例外)。冰川物质平衡观察显示出80年代比以前突出的亏损。反映了中亚天山地区气候干暖趋势增强。应用新疆气候、水文和树木年轮研究成果综合分析,预测2000年新疆天山地区气候将出现降水偏多、气温维持平均值或略有下降的趋势。     

西南极乔治王岛长城站区晚第四纪燕窝湖岩芯元素地球化学特征

本文阐述了乔治王岛长城站区燕窝湖沉积物中微量元素及某些常量元素的含量、分布、富集系数和相关系数的变化规律 ,探讨了该湖岩芯物质来源及气候环境的阶段性变迁 ,认为一方面燕窝湖周围碎屑沉积岩 (包括火山沉积岩 )是进入沉积体系的主要物源 ;另一方面 ,地幔物质也是其物源之一 ;同时 ,并不排除南极大陆冰进期搬运来的陆源物质进入沉积体系。     

用褶积滤波及多元回归方法处理聊古—1井氮氦比观测资料

聊古-1井位于聊城——兰考断裂带北段。自1981年以来对该井氮氦比每日进行观测,其主要干扰因素为降雨和井水流量。其中降雨对氮氢比观测的影响不是简单的线性关系,而是带有滞后记忆效应的非线性关系。为此,我们采用了非线性的褶积滤波的方法,来处理降雨对氮氦比的影响。为了消除井水流量变化对氮氦比的影响,同时采用了多元回归的方法,对氮氦比观测值进行综合处理。在以上处理的基础上,分析了1981年宁晋地震和1983年菏泽地震前,氮氦比的变化特征。两次地震前的2个月左右,氮氦比值都出现了明显地高值异常,且均在异常转折、恢复的过程发震。所以这一规律可做为该井氮氦比地震短期前兆异常指标。     

四湖地区洪水期遥感图像的解译

本文根据Landsat TM影像数据磁带和地面实况调查资料,提出了洪水期影像的解译方法,并以肖家湖实验区为例,解译了该区洪水期的影像。通过监督分类和非监督分类估算了洪水淹没范围;根据比值植被指数图像解译出了不同受灾程度作物的分布;用NDVI计算作物的受灾损失,并对结果进行了讨论。     

热红外测量海表面温度中的ε修正

提出了一种简单的用红外辐射计获得海表面温度的方法。该方法应用了一个快速、均匀搅拌的水浴与一支精密的水银温度计，获取海表面温度的反演系数(又称等效比辐射率)，避开了海水辐射率、大气温度和红外辐射计的响应函数等问题。在未知辐射率、大气温度、响应函数的情况下，仍可得到高于0.2℃的精度。     

Endoparasites in common eiders Somateria mollissima from birds killed by an oil spill in the northern Wadden Sea

Mass mortalities of common eiders Somateria mollissima have been ascribed to high parasite loads. However, the actual role of parasites in mortalities is disputed as in the case of a mass mortality of eiders in the Wadden Sea in the winter of 1999/2000. A critical evaluation of the role of parasites in eider mass mortalities is hampered by (1) a lack of data on actual parasite loads of the birds involved, (2) missing regional data for comparison, and (3) a lack of unbiased samples: investigations are often based on dead beached individuals, which are presumably the more heavily infected birds of a population and thus more likely to die and be washed ashore. Although published data on parasite loads in birds of the winter 1999/2000 mortality are available, no data on background parasitism in eiders from the Wadden Sea exist, making an evaluation of the potential role of parasites in this mortality event difficult. By investigating endoparasites of 102 eiders affected by an oil spill in the northern Wadden Sea in winter 1998/1999, we provide a data set of background parasitism in wintering eiders from the Wadden Sea. We found 13 different parasite taxa with high prevalence values (% infected birds) in the acanthocephalan Profilicollis botulus, the nematode Amidostomum acutum, cestodes and trematodes. In some taxa we observed pronounced differences in prevalence values between juvenile eiders and adults, as well as between adult sexes. The parasite composition shows that bivalves, crabs (Carcinus maenas) and other crustaceans are important sources of infections by being intermediate hosts. This is partly mirrored in the food content of eider stomachs where bivalves and crabs were predominantly found. Intensities of the acanthocephalan P. botulus, suspected of causing eider mortalities, were especially high in juveniles (1112 ± 416 ind per infected host), but lower in adult males (40 ± 7) and adult females (81 ± 18). However, no extraordinary mortality event was observed in the winter of 1998/1999, indicating no or a very weak effect of the parasites on host condition. A comparison with the parasite loads of eiders from the mass mortality in the winter of 1999/2000 shows that parasite numbers were by no means exceptional for birds from the area. Hence, parasites alone are unlikely to have caused this mortality. Regional background parasite loads are important to differentiate between primary and secondary roles of parasites in anomalous mortality events.     

长江口、济州岛海域温、盐分布探讨

分析了长江口及济州岛以南海域温盐分布特征,指出黄海沿岸水在向南运动过程与外海水混合变性的某些规律;指出表层长江冲淡水影响的厚度及范围;阐述了黄海低温低盐水与黑潮高温高盐水的侧向相互作用,在济州岛南部海域形成了多跃层结构和逆盐逆温现象,并对整个调查海区的跃层现象进行了分类和分析。此外还分析了黄海沿岸水下沉与黑潮次—中层水爬升对东海北部底层冷水的影响。