三维井地电阻率有限元数值模拟及反演

油气资源和矿产资源勘探中,常需要较大的勘探深度和高的深部分辨能力,充分利用现有钻孔的三维井地电阻率成像技术能够适应于这种要求。通过设计一个高阻水平板状体模型,利用Ansys有限元软件对模型进行三维井地电阻率法有限元正演计算,并将模拟的响应视电阻率作为反演的输入,结合平滑约束最小二乘反演,分析了异常特征和分布规律,其结论和认识具有一定实用价值。     

Nonlinear dynamic finite element simulation of Alibey earth dam

In this study, dynamic behavior and earthquake resistance of Alibey earth dam was investigated. The dam was modeled with four node plane-strain finite elements (FE) and displacement-pore pressure coupled FE analyses were performed. Nonlinear material models such as pressure dependent and independent multi yield materials were implemented during the analyses. Transient dynamic FE analyses were performed with Newmark method. The Newton-Raphson solution scheme was adopted to solve the equations. Liquefaction and/or cyclic mobility effects were considered during the analysis. For the FE analyses, OpenSees (Open System for Earthquake Engineering Simulation) framework was adopted.     

On the origin of bleaching phenomena in red bed sediments of Triassic Buntsandstein deposits in Central Germany

The Lower Triassic Buntsandstein in Central Germany comprises one of the major clastic, lithified hydrocarbon reservoirs, it is a major groundwater aquifer and it is considered as a potential underground gas storage lithology. Thus, sandstones of the Buntsandstein from Thuringia and NE Hesse were used to analyse their geochemical composition combined with mineralogical data in order to investigate the origin of several bleaching phenomena in primary red beds, since these give a hint for mineral alteration, mineral formation and mineral reactivity in the course of fluid-rock-interactions. This is relevant for e.g. recent Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) efforts. The origin of the observed bleaching phenomena is diverse and it is linked to certain stages of diagenesis and different episodes of fluid flow: (1) eodiagenetic bleaching coupled with palaeosoil formation and iron mobilisation, (2) mesodiagenetic bleaching as a result of hydrocarbon migration, (3) Tertiary bleaching due to CO₂ degassing from Miocene volcanism, (4) Tertiary telodiagenetic bleaching due to weathering under humid climate conditions, and (5) weathering processes related to recent telodiagenesis/pedogenesis. This study emphasizes the multiple nature of fluids, which can induce iron mobilisation and bleaching of red beds.     

汶川地震震前龙门山以西地壳垂直隆升机理分析

结合流动GPS观测速度场及层析成像结果,构建跨龙门山断裂剖面的二维有限元分层模型,分两种情况讨论汶川地震前龙门山前缘地壳垂直隆升的物理机制,以及中、下地壳软物质垂向和横向的不均匀性对地壳隆升作用的影响。分析认为：川西高原相对四川盆地的差异抬升和龙门山以西地壳缩短的共同作用是汶川地震震前龙门山前缘地壳垂直隆升的可能原因。     

Determination of microscopic parameters of quartz sand through tri-axial test using the discrete element method

A calibration procedure, in which coupled effects of microscopic parameters are considered, is proposed to determine the values of the microscopic parameters in the Discrete Element Method (DEM) for Fujian quartz sand. Laboratory tri-axial tests are conducted to be compared with the DEM simulations and the effects of end restraint in the laboratory tests are eliminated through a digital image measurement system. Sensitivities of the macroscopic behaviour of the specimen to the microscopic parameters are analyzed through DEM simulations. Four coupled effects of the microscopic parameters on the macroscopic behaviour are investigated through a graphic method and then considered in the calibration procedure.     

Seismic amplifications from offshore to shore

The objective of this study is to determine numerical estimations of seismic amplifications of waves traveling from offshore to shore considering the effect of sea floor configurations. According to the Boundary Element Method, boundary elements were used to irradiate waves and density force can be determined for each element. From this hypothesis, Huygens’ Principle is implemented since diffracted waves are constructed at the boundary from which they are radiated and this is equivalent to Somigliana's theorem. Application of boundary conditions leads to determine a system of integral equations of Fredholm type of second kind, which is solved by the Gaussian method. Various numerical models were analyzed, a first one was used to validate the proposed formulation and some other models were used to show various ideal sea floor configurations to estimate seismic amplifications. Once the formulation was validated, basic slope configurations were studied for estimating spectra of seismic amplifications for various sea floor materials. In general terms, compressional waves (P-waves) can produce seismic amplifications of the incident wave in the order of 2–5. On the other hand, distortional waves (S-waves) can produce amplifications up to 5.5 times the incident wave. A relevant finding is that the highest seismic amplifications due to an offshore earthquake are always located near the shore-line and not offshore despite the seafloor configuration.     

辽宁岩石地球化学分区特征

通过对辽宁区域岩石41种元素的区域分布研究,作者提出了辽宁岩石元素地球化学分区系统。依次划出1个地球化学省、2个地球化学区、12个地球化学分区及若干地球化学小区。以地球化学分区为基本单位,讨论了各分区岩石元素的浓集状况,指出了不同地球化学分区岩石元素分布的差异,分析了某些元素的富集趋势与成矿的联系。对探讨不同分区的地球化学演化历程,确定找矿方向,具有一定意义。     

德兴朱砂红斑岩铜矿热液蚀变作用及元素地球化学迁移规律

德兴铜矿是中国华南地区重要的大型斑岩铜矿,由朱砂红、铜厂和富家坞3个矿床组成。在系统的钻孔样岩相观察基础上,本文把德兴朱砂红花岗闪长斑岩划分为3种类型蚀变岩(钾化-黑云母化蚀变岩、绿泥石化蚀变岩、石英-绢(白)云母化蚀变岩),其主要标志性蚀变矿物依次为:钾长石(黑云母)→绿泥石→石英+绢(白)云母,且热液蚀变程度依次增强。以Al₂O₃作为不活动组分,通过Isocon分析法表明:随着热液蚀变作用的持续进行,蚀变程度的逐渐增强,主量元素(P₂O₅)行为较稳定,Na₂O、Sr元素大量活化迁出;高场强元素Hf、Th、U、V、Co、Nb、Ta等表现为弱活动性或不活动性;成矿元素Cu、Pb、W显示出大量带入,表明热液流体和成矿流体可能属于同一流体系统。稀土元素均发生一定程度的活化迁移,其中绿泥石化蚀变岩的LREE、HREE均较原岩亏损,而石英-绢(白)云母化花岗闪长斑岩的LREE、HREE富集/亏损情况因样品而异,相对增量/减量变化幅度较大。各类蚀变花岗闪长斑岩球粒陨石化配分模式表现较一致,均为轻稀土相对于重稀土富集的右倾分布,极弱Eu负异常,曲线左陡右平缓,尾部轻微上翘,形似铲状,反映岩浆源区角闪石的分离结晶作用。蚀变花岗闪长斑岩的Y/Ho比值与球粒陨石的Y/Ho比值基本一致,表明Y-Ho在热液蚀变过程中未发生明显分离。弱蚀变花岗闪长斑岩具有较高Sr/Y比值、La/Sm比值以及中等Sm/Yb比值,暗示源区残留相主要为角闪石±石榴子石。     

滑坡稳定性分析与安全系数取值研究

在地质灾害中,滑坡灾害分布最广、发生频率最高、危害最大,是我国地质灾害防治的主要对象。滑坡研究的主要任务之一是稳定性分析。论文针对三板溪水电站进水口滑坡和水布垭水电站大岩淌滑坡,分别采用刚体极限平衡法、块体单元法、有限单元法对稳定安全系数和条间推力分布曲线进行分析和比较,研究各种方法的差异和计算精度,以及各种方法稳定安全系数的取值标准,希望为水利水电工程边坡设计规范有关有限单元法、块体单元法条目的编写和相应的允许安全系数取值标准的制定提供一定的参考。研究结果表明:①块体单元法计算的安全系数与刚体极限平衡法计算的安全系数可以采用相同的取值标准,而有限单元法计算的安全系数取值标准可适当降低;②块体单元法计算的条间水平推力、条间剪切力与刚体极限平衡法(尤其是Sarma法)计算的条间水平推力、条间剪切力非常相近,有限单元法计算的条间水平推力、条间剪切力较小;③分析方法、力学模型与参数取值应与安全系数取值标准相匹配。     

论韧性剪切带研究及其地质意义

系统研究韧性剪切带变形岩在天然强剪切应力作用条件下常量元素迁移机制及活化转移的应力排序、微量元素迁移的动力控制、稀土元素配分变化和变形矿物晶体化学变异的应力制约等构成了当代韧性剪切带研究的前沿课题,也是当前糜棱岩岩石地球化学研究难点和精华所在。其研究成果将对动力成岩（成矿）机理的认识有重要的突破,具有重要的理论意义和潜在应用价值。对韧性剪切带及其变形岩石的研究现状和研究意义进行系统的综述,提出了未来韧性剪切带及其糜棱岩的研究方向和目标: ①系统研究糜棱岩中主要造岩矿物组合及其变形特征,计算剪切变形岩石的应力—应变参数,搞清韧性剪切带所处的应力应变环境;②系统研究韧性剪切带岩石在天然分强剪切应力作用条件下常量元素迁移机制及活化转移的应力排序问题;③系统研究剪切变形作用过程中岩石化学组成的微量和稀土元素变化,讨论强变形条件下岩石中微量元素活化和迁移规律,深入探讨微量元素迁移的动力控制,包括稀土元素配分变化的应力制约以及应变矿物晶格化学变化行为及其对其寄主的变形岩石元素（组分）在应变过程中迁移变化的制约和影响;④从理论上探讨天然强剪切应变条件下岩石中组分活化、转移与应力（应变）的因果联系,为深入探讨韧性剪切带动力成岩（成矿）作用提供理论的科学依据,为探讨中、下地壳中韧性剪切带的形成和演化提供科学依据（如韧性剪切带金的富集）,同时为韧性剪切变形作用条件下成岩、成矿地球化学作用提供理论和实验依据;⑤现代分析技术如激光同位素原位分析以及激光ICP MASS分析技术对研究变形域内的岩石（矿物）的元素和同位素的活化迁移规律,对深刻揭示糜棱岩化过程中的元素活化迁移机制提供更高质量的地球化学证据具有重要的作用。