湖南锡矿山锑矿矿区煌斑岩的地球化学特征

对湖南锡矿山矿区煌斑岩脉进行了系统的元素和同位素地球化学研究，来探讨煌斑岩的成因。本区煌斑岩形成时代大约为120Ma，早于锑成矿时间，并与锑成矿有密切相关。其微量元素MORB蛛网图，以富集高场强元素，Nb-Ta亏损和Ti不亏损，Th强富集和Ce弱富集为特征，具有岛弧型玄武岩微量元素分配模式，构造环境可能为大陆内部破坏板块边缘。稀土元素具有总量高，无明显的负铕异常，配分模式呈轻稀土富集的右倾型特征。同位素以高^87Sr/^86Sr、低^143Nd/^144Nd为特征。结合元素地球化学、同位素特征和地质发展史分析，煌斑岩可能为富含REE和高场强元素的俯冲带流体交代过的富集地幔部分熔融所产生的岩浆，在上升过程中同化和混合很少量的矿区隐伏花岗岩浆和灰岩的产物。     

湘西沃溪钨锑金矿床地质地球化学特征

沃溪钨锑金矿床产于元古界板溪群马底驿组中、上段紫红色绢云母板岩中,受层间断裂带控制。矿体具斜列延伸、多层产出、近似等间距分布特点,见有层间石英脉、网状石英脉和节理裂隙脉三类矿体。金矿物以次显微、显微金为生,主要赋存于以黄铁矿、辉锑矿为主的硫化物中,As、Sb是其标型元素。成矿物质与赋矿地层密切相关,成矿流体是非岩浆源的,成矿作用是在中低温度、偏低盐度、中性略偏酸性的变质热液中发生的,构造运动对成矿过程起着控制作用。矿床属于火山沉积—变质热液成因。     

Classifying mineral potential in support of land-use policy decisions in British Columbia,Canada

British Columbia covers a vast segment of the Cordillera Mountain system that is richly endowed with a diversity of resources. British Columbia's historic patterns of resource development increasingly have been in conflict with demands for greater environmental protection. To avoid such conflicts, a recently legislated process that provides for detailed mineral resource assessments in candidate park areas has stimulated the creation of a mineral potential classification system for use in land-use planning and policy decisions.A mineral potential study of the Chilko Lake Planning Area provided three unique categories of field data on which to build the classification system. These categories are geological setting, geochemistry, and mineral occurrences. Data in each category were compiled independently to provide indicators of mineral potential. The field data were used to develop a widely understood classification of mineral potential. The classification is based on two factors: favorability and degree of confidence.     

石门雄黄矿区角砾岩硅质岩成因新探

石门雄黄矿区范围内131处角砾岩、硅质岩露头的产出层位和标高统计表明该区硅质岩和角砾岩的分布主要受奥陶系南津关组(On)和红花园组第二段(Oh~2)两个层位控制。这些地质体的结构构造特征亦表明其为同生或准同生成因;稳定同位素特征表明其成岩流体为海水、大气成因水或原生水。元素含量统计分析表明这些硅质岩和角砾岩是富含As、HB、Ba的地质体,与本区的雄黄一雌黄矿化有密切的成因联系。     

贵州修文红黄铝土矿地质地球化学特征及成因意义

红黄铝土矿位于黔中修文铝土矿成矿带,矿体产于石炭系下统九架炉组,呈似层状、层状产于寒武系中-上统娄山关组白云岩之上,石炭系下统摆佐组灰岩之下,矿床成因类型为古风化壳沉积型。矿石自然类型以碎屑状为主。含铝岩系中主量元素以Al_2O_3、SiO_2、TFe_2O_3及LOI(烧失量)为主,BaO、K_2O、Na_2O、P_2O_5等含量相对较低, SiO_2、TFe_2O_3与Al_2O_3呈不显著的负相关关系,TiO_2与Al_2O_3呈显著的正相关关系;微量元素Zr、Sr、V、Li、Ga、Sc等含量相对较高,Sn、Ta、W、Be、Pb、Cs等含量相对较低;环境敏感要素Th含量及Th/U比值表明铝土矿主要形成于半咸水-淡水沉积环境,成矿作用可能是由沉积混杂和风化沉积作用形成;Sr/Ba比值表明铝土矿经过海陆交互沉积。含铝岩系中ΣREE值较高,ΣLREE/ΣHREE比值为1.4■5.71,表现为轻稀土比重稀土富集,具有δEu负异常、δCe异常不明显的特征。含铝岩系Ce/Ce*=1.0■2.8,平均1.91,表明含铝岩系主要形成于富氧的沉积环境。综合研究表明,本区寒武-奥陶系碳酸盐岩为铝土矿提供了丰富的成矿母质,古喀斯特岩溶盆地为铝土矿沉积提供了有利场所和剥蚀风化条件,后期构造作用和风化淋滤作用造成硅铁流失和铝的富集,最终形成优质铝土矿床。     

Marginal basins of the NW Pacific and Eastern Eurasia

ABSTRACT

The broad zone between old oceanic lithosphere of the NW Pacific and Eastern Eurasian continental lithosphere is home to a chain of marginal basins. Different from oceans, marginal basins are more influenced by the underlying subduction zone both geophysically and geochemically and are more likely to be blanketed by sediments from the nearby continent. This special issue collects 19 papers that explore the tectonic, magmatic, sedimentary and fluid activity features of marginal basins during rifting, spreading and post-spreading stages. Most papers in this special issue focus on South China Sea marginal basins, where abundant research provides interesting insights into how marginal sea basins evolve. Because South China Sea basins are fully evolved and their key features have not been overprinted by younger deformation, the results of this special issue are very useful for understanding the evolution of other marginal basins.     

A 1500-year record of climatic and environmental change in ElkLake, Clearwater County, Minnesota II: geochemistry, mineralogy, and stableisotopes

Most of the sediment components that have accumulated in ElkLake, Clearwater County, northwestern Minnesota, over the past 1500 years areauthigenic or biogenic (CaCO₃, biogenic SiO₂, organicmatter, iron and manganese oxyhydroxides, and iron phosphate) and are deliveredto the sediment–water interface on a seasonal schedule where they are preservedas distinct annual laminae (varves). The annual biogeochemical cycles of thesecomponents are causally linked through the carbon pump, and are recapitulatedin longer-term cycles, most prominently with a periodicity of about 400 years.Organic carbon is fixed in the epilimnion by photosynthetic removal ofCO₂, which also increases the pH, triggering the precipitation ofCaCO₃. The respiration and degradation of fixed organic carbon inthe hypolimnion consumes dissolved oxygen, produces CO₂, and lowersthe pH so that the hypolimnion becomes anoxic and undersaturated with respectto CaCO₃ during the summer. Some of the CaCO₃ produced inthe epilimnion is dissolved in the anoxic, lower pH hypolimnion and sediments.The amount of CaCO₃ that is ultimately incorporated into thesediments is a function of how much is produced in the epilimnion and how muchis consumed in the hypolimnion and the sediments. Iron, manganese, andphosphate accumulate in the anoxic hypolimnion throughout the summer.Sediment-trap studies show that at fall overturn, when iron-, manganese-, andphosphate-rich bottom waters mix with carbonate- and oxygen-rich surfacewaters, precipitation of iron and manganese oxyhydroxides, iron phosphate, andmanganese carbonate begins and continues into the winter months.Detrital clastic material in the sediments of Elk Lake depositedover the last 1500 years is a minor component (<10% by weight) that ismostly wind-borne (eolian). Detailed analyses of the last 1500 years of the ElkLake sediment record show distinct cycles in eolian clastic variables (e.g.aluminum, sodium, potassium, titanium, and quartz), with a periodicity of about400 years. The 400-yr cycle in eolian clastic material does not correspond tothe 400-yr cycles in redox-sensitive authigenic components, suggesting that theclastic component is responding to external forcing (wind) whereas theauthigenic components are responding to internal forcing (productivity),although both may ultimately be forced by climate change. Variations in theoxygen and carbon isotopic composition of CaCO₃ are small but appearto reflect small variations in ground water influx that are also driven byexternal forcing.     

皖北新元古代刘老碑组页岩的地球化学特征及其地质意义

从安徽北部新元古代刘老碑组页(泥)岩中采集了11个样品。地球化学分析表明,研究区南部的淮南和凤阳页岩样品SiO₂、TiO₂、Al₂O₃、K₂O、TFeO和CaO含量分别为55.28%、0.87%、15.60%、2.99%、4.01%和5.83%,接近页岩平均值,只是CaO含量稍高。北部宿县地区页岩样品SiO₂、TiO₂、Al₂O₃、K₂O、TFeO和CaO含量分别为57.01%、1.82%、20.97%、4.85%、3.31%和0.57%,与南部地区相比,TiO₂和K₂O含量显著偏高,是其2.1倍和1.6倍。刘老碑组页岩REE总量平均为219×10^-6,LREE富集,La/Yb为14.2(9.8～18.6),Eu负异常,Eu/Eu^*为0.60(0.54～0.63),但是北部页岩有更高的REE总量(295.8×10^-6)和La/Yb比值(17.8)。微量元素分析表明,北部页岩中Sc、V、Zr、Nb和Th较高,南部Co和Pb较高。但是南部和北部却有比较一致的La/Sc(2.29±0.15)、Th/Sc(0.69±0.06)和La/Th(3.29±0.20)比值。La-Th-Sc和Th-Sc-Zr/10判别图清楚地表明,刘老碑组页岩形成于大陆岛弧构造环境,岛弧可能位于研究区的南部边缘。北部页岩明显偏高的TiO₂和Al₂O₃含量以及化学风化指数(CIW)表明北部沉积物的源区经历了更强烈的风化作用。     

陡倾角反倾层状岩质边坡变形特征数值模拟验证

对于大量中、小型岩质边坡，因地质结构简单、边界条件清楚，且施工周期较短、经费有限，不可能也没有必要对其开展较大规模勘探工作。而物理模型试验则周期较长、费用较高。因此，数值模拟技术可以替代模型试验，成为这类边坡变形破坏分析的首选手段之一。论文利用离散单元方法(DEM)分析了某公路陡倾角反倾岩质边坡开挖变形破坏机制及其演变过程，验证了教科书上该类边坡的机理，并在此基础上提出了边坡防治工程建议。该方法加深了对边坡变形的认识，节约了工程周期及造价，应成为中、小型岩质边坡研究的辅助措施。     

Notes on the marginal enrichment of Germanium in coal beds

Germanium distribution in coal has long been a topic of interest. The enrichment of Ge near margins of coals, including the margins of partings within the coal, has been noted in many coals from numerous coalfields throughout the world. In this paper, a summary of literature on Ge geochemistry on the upper and lower margins of coal seams, with special emphasis on the literature of Russia, and the former Soviet Union, and Japan, is presented.