10,000 years of climate control over carbon accumulation in an Iberian bog(southwestern Europe)

The northwest region of the Iberian Peninsula is home to a unique ecosystem of bogs,which are particularly sensitive to projected climate cha nge.In this context,the rate of carbon(C)accumulation in Chao de Veiga Mol.an intact raised bog,was analysed.Changes in the accumulation rate over the past10 millennia were determined in a peat core of 847 cm in depth,with a high mean rate of peat growth(11 yr cm^-1,0.09 cm yr^-1).An age-depth model was generated from 22 14C dates and fallout radionuclides.Chronological,stratigraphical and physico-chemical data confirmed the existence of a single cycle of peat formation throughout the Holocene and the formation of ombrotrophic peat 9500 years ago.The total mean C content was 50.2%,and over 10 millennia 583 kg C m^-2 accumulated at a mean rate of 35.3 g C m^-2 yr^-1,with a long-term(apparent)rate of carbon accumulation in the catotelm of59.9 g C m^-2 yr^-1.These values are much higher than reported for other Iberian peatlands and are amongst the highest documented for peatlands in the northern hemisphere.The dynamics of C accumulation and other measured parameters reveals important variations throughout the Holocene.They could be associated with the main climatic events described in the northern hemisphere and are highly consistent with models established for northern latitudes.The Chao de Veiga Mol raised bog is unique and of great potential value for carrying out high resolution palaeoenvironmental studies,especially in relation to regional and Iocal modulations in southern Europe.     

Geological setting of the Rapu Rapu gold-rich volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits,Albay Province,Philippines

Gold-rich Fe–Cu–Zn volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits occur within strata of probable Jurassic age on Rapu Rapu Island in Albay Province, Philippines. Massive sulfides at the Ungay Malobago and Hixbar deposits are spatially associated with dacitic volcanic rocks within a highly-deformed sequence of mafic volcanic and quartzofeldspathic sedimentary rocks. The massive sulfide deposits formed at the stratigraphic contact between footwall dacites and hangingwall mafic volcanic and quartzofeldspathic rocks. The deposits and their host strata have undergone regional metamorphism with strong penetrative deformation. Metamorphic mineral assemblages and textural evidence suggest that peak metamorphism was upper-greenschist to lower-amphibolite grade and syn-D₁ deformation. Based on the age of regional metamorphism, deformation is inferred to be mid-Tertiary in age. Deformation at Rapu Rapu resulted in reorientation of the strata into a broad antiform with strong shallow-plunging elongation fabrics, overturning of the volcanic sequence that hosts the Ungay Malobago deposit, and complex folding of the mineralized zones. The present highly linear form of the Ungay Malobago deposit is mainly a product of this ductile strain.Immobile element ratios for a given lithology generally remain constant in saprolitic samples, and thus provide an effective identification tool even in strongly weathered rocks. Lithogeochemical data define a bimodal volcanic suite that is comparable to bimodal assemblages that occur in several modern back-arc basins in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, including those behind the Vanuatu and the New Britain arcs. On Rapu Rapu, the dacitic rocks are enriched in light REE and have high Zr/Y ratios, which indicates a calc–alkaline affinity and suggests a mature island-arc setting. The quartzofeldspathic sedimentary rocks are more widespread than the dacites and have notably lower Zr/Y ratios; they may have been derived from erosion of a distant volcanic arc. The mafic volcanic rocks are dominantly low-K arc tholeiites of basaltic to andesitic composition, but with modest enrichment in the light REE; comparable rocks can be found in the Vanuatu and New Britain back-arc basins.Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00126-003-0349-0An erratum to this article can be found at Editorial handling: O. Christensen     

中国煤成油研究进展和展望

中国煤和含煤岩系内石油的发现是在５０￣６０年代，而提出应在我国进行煤和含煤岩成油问题的研究是８０年代初，自提出煤成油问题以来短短的十余年时间里，不仅在有机岩石学，煤成油地球化学，热模拟实验和煤成油综合研究等煤和含煤岩系成油理论上取得了进展，而且在油勘探的实践上，在吐鲁番和彩南取得了重要的进展。     

构造改造成矿机制：——四川羊石坑汞矿成矿作用探讨

羊石坑汞矿床是位于四川省秀山县境内的大型汞矿床，产于下寒武统清虚洞组碳酸盐岩中，受地层和构造双重控制，并以细脉浸染型为特征而区别于我国其他大型汞矿床。概括了该矿产出的区域地质背景、物质来源和构造控矿特征，通过对不同构造部位矿物、元素及同位素等的分布、分配特征和矿床地质地球化学研究，揭示了成矿物质来自沉积地层，矿源层的形成与同生断裂活动和深部物质加入有关，构造－热液活动对矿源层的改造导致了矿床形成，     

煤中微量元素赋存状态的逐提试验研究

首次通过逐级化学提取试验对高级煤中10余个微量元素的赋存状态（水溶态及可交换态，碳酸盐铁锰氧化物结合态，有机质结合态，进入晶格或呈单矿物态）进行研究，结果表明：绝大多数元素具有一种以上的赋存状态；不同沉积环境条件下，元素的赋存态可以发生改变；元素的赋存状态不同，其入侵环境及对环境的危害程度不同。     

赣西卡林型金矿床流体包裹体地球化学

赣西卡林型金矿床的包裹体地球化学研究表明，金矿主成矿温度为１００～２００℃，平均１５０℃左右，成矿流体盐度为１．９ｗｔ％ＮａＣｌ～８．６ｗｔ％ＮａＣｌ，成矿压力为２４７×１０５Ｐａ～６０８×１０５Ｐａ，成矿流体属Ｋ＋－Ｃａ２＋－ＳＯ２－４－（Ｆ－）－ＣＯ２型，ｐＨ为３．６～４．１，是以大气降水为主，混有建造水及少量岩浆水的混合流体。研究认为，区内金矿主要是以金硫络合物形式，在较高温度（２２０～３００℃）体系为还原态的条件下进行迁移，温度降低为１５０℃左右，ｆｓ２较低，有黄铁矿及富砷黄铁矿存在时，在低压较氧化的有利构造处沉淀富集成矿。     

河南省分县要素预报业务系统

本系统利用Ｔ１０６数值预报产品提供的１°×１°的预报场格点值。综合了诊断分析、回归分析、判别分析等多种预报技术，制作了河南省１１７个县站预报时效为２４～１２０ｈ的分级降水、最高温度、最低温度、风向、风速的预报方程，并在１９９９年和２０００年投入业务运行。     

白银矿田外围横湾沟硅质岩的研究意义

热水沉积硅质岩既有一定的找矿意义 ,又有重要的理论意义。由硅质岩的常量元素、稀土元素等地球化学特征研究表明 ,横湾沟硅质岩具有热水沉积硅质岩地球化学特征 ,在Al -Fe-Mn三角图上 ,属热水沉积硅质岩。由δCe值分析表明 ,本区硅质岩沉积环境主要为大陆边缘。     

Trace element incorporation into pyrope–grossular solid solutions: an atomistic simulation study

 We have performed atomistic computer simulations on trace element incorporation into the divalent dodecahedral X-sites of pyrope (Py — Mg₃Al₂Si₃O₁₂) – grossular (Gr — Ca₃Al₂Si₃O₁₂) solid solutions. An ionic model and the Mott–Littleton two-region approach to defect energies were used to calculate the energetics of substitution by a range of divalent trace-elements and of charge-balanced substitution by trivalent ions in the static limit. Results are compared with experimental high-temperature, high-pressure garnet-melt trace element partitioning data obtained for the same garnet solid solution to refine our understanding of the factors controlling element partitioning into solid solutions. Defect energies (U _def,f), relaxation (lattice strain) energies (U _rel), and solution energies (U _sol) were derived using two different approaches. One approach assumes the presence of one type of hybrid X-site with properties intermediate between pure Mg and Ca sites, and the other assumes discrete Mg and Ca X-sites, and thus two distinct cation sublattices. The hybrid model is shown to be inadequate, since it averages out local distortions in the garnet structure. The discrete model results suggest trace elements are more soluble in Py₅₀Gy₅₀ than in either end-member compound. Physically this is due to small changes in size of the X-sites and the removal of unfavourable interactions between third nearest neighbours of the same size. Surprisingly, depending on the local order, large trace element cations may substitute for Mg²⁺ and small trace elements for Ca²⁺ in Py₅₀Gr₅₀. These solubilities provide an explanation for the anomalous trace-element partitioning behaviour along the pyrope–grossular join observed experimentally. Received: 27 January 2000 / Accepted: 14 February 2003     

青藏高原安多岛弧型蛇绿岩地球化学及成因

安多蛇绿岩位于西藏安多县城北侧、班公错-怒江缝合带中段.该蛇绿岩块呈近东西向展布,长约25km,宽约5km,主要由低钾拉斑玄武岩和辉长岩组成.高精度ICP-MS分析结果表明,玄武岩和辉长岩稀土总量较低,均具有亏损型稀土配分型式,∑REE =29×10-6～44×10-6, ∑LREE/∑HREE=0.90～1.06, (La/Yb)N=0.29～0.41, (Ce/Yb)N=0.42～0.60, 表明其源于N-MORB型亏损地幔源区.然而,相对于典型的大洋中脊玄武岩(N-MORB)而言,其Nb和Ta,尤其是Nb含量明显偏低(Nb=0.6×10-6～3.13×10-6, 平均1.19×10-6 ; Ta=0.072×10-6～0.253×10-6, 平均0.105×10-6), 在N-MORB标准化痕量元素配分图上具显著的Nb谷.表明安多玄武岩+辉长岩组合既非典型的洋中脊成因,又与岛弧型火山岩有一定区别,它们很可能形成于边缘海(弧后)盆地环境,由于消减带之上的地幔对流导致新洋壳的产生而形成,是特提斯大洋岩石圈在俯冲过程中引发弧后次级扩张的产物.