湖南邓阜仙印支晚期二云母花岗岩年代学、地球化学特征及其意义

邓阜仙花岗岩体位于湖南省东部,是印支期-燕山期多期次多阶段侵入的复式岩体。本文对邓阜仙岩体中部的两件二云母花岗岩样品进行了锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb测年,得到的锆石U-Pb年龄为222.9±1.6Ma和224.3±2.4Ma,首次证实了邓阜仙岩体存在有印支晚期二云母花岗岩。印支晚期二云母花岗岩具有高硅、高碱、强过铝质的特征,富集Cs、Rb、U、Pb而亏损Ba、Sr、Ti等元素,与华南己发现的其他印支期强过铝质花岗岩类似。花岗岩较高的（⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr）_i值（0.721463~0.728115）、较低的ε_Nd（t）值（-11.68~-11.33）以及1.92~1.95Ga的Nd模式年龄说明其主要起源于区内古元古代地壳的部分熔融。邓阜仙印支晚期二云母花岗岩与华南印支期强过铝质花岗岩的成岩时间一致,根据区域地质特征及花岗岩地球化学特征,认为其形成于后造山伸展的构造环境。邓阜仙钨矿与区内燕山期花岗岩有密切的成因联系。印支晚期二云母花岗岩具有较高的钨含量,属于富钨岩体,可能为燕山期的钨成矿作用提供了物质基础。     

赣南早古生代晚期花岗岩类年代学、地球化学及岩石成因

本文研究了赣南会同岩体花岗岩类及其闪长质包体的岩石学、锆石U-Pb定年和Hf同位素以及全岩主量、微量元素地球化学。会同岩体花岗岩年龄为425.8±6.2Ma,花岗闪长岩包体为425.0±4.1Ma,侵入年龄约为425Ma,属于早古生代晚期的志留纪。岩体总体为过铝质到强过铝质(A/CNK=1.05~1.28)、高钾钙碱性系列岩石;花岗岩和包体的微量元素和稀土元素特征一致,均富集Rb、Th、U、K、Pb,亏损Ba、Sr、P、Ti,Eu负异常明显。岩石属于S型花岗岩。花岗岩和包体ε_Hf(t)均为负值,变化范围大(分别为-13.7~-3.3,-8.4~-3.2),Hf同位素地壳模式年龄较老(总体为1.6~2.3Ga)。结合前人资料,认为早古生代晚期赣南地区,在后碰撞伸展背景下,发生了大范围的成熟地壳的强烈再造和深熔作用,源于中、下地壳的熔体在约425Ma侵位形成中酸性岩浆,再向上侵位形成会同岩体。     

新疆西天山尼勒克二叠纪火山岩的地球化学特征及构造意义

尼勒克二叠纪火山岩位于伊犁盆地北缘阿吾拉勒山西段,该地区发育一套完整的陆相二叠纪地层。本文对该区二叠纪中下统哈米斯特组和乌郎组火山岩进行了系统的岩相学、岩石地球化学和Sr-Nd同位素研究。尼勒克火山岩岩石类型多样,有玄武岩、安山岩、粗面岩、流纹岩等,地球化学特征复杂。上火山岩哈米斯特组火山岩具有典型的钾玄岩特征,高K₂O(2.81%~3.91%)、Sr(>1000×10^-6)、稀土(ΣREE>200×10^-6)和(La/Yb)_N比值(9.7~11.7),低Nb/La比值(大多<0.2)。下火山岩乌郞组可分为二组,一组具最低SiO₂,最高MgO,较低Sr(<500×10^-6)、稀土(50×10^-6<ΣREE<80×10^-6)和(La/Yb)_N比值(1.6~2.2),相对较高的Nb/La比值(>0.35),类似富集型洋中脊(E-MORB)特征,暗示其岩浆是浅部源区高程度部分熔融的产物;另一组火山岩有着相对较大的变化,总体特征介于哈米斯特组与第一组火山岩两者之间。尼勒克火山岩有高度亏损的Sr-Nd同位素组成,类似MORB,表明它们源自长期亏损的地幔源区。然而,火山岩高度亏损的Nb-Ta、分异且富集大离子亲石元素的特征暗示,地幔源区受到近期俯冲带流体的交代作用,并受部分熔融程度及结晶分异作用的控制,是不同批次岩浆作用在不同演化阶段的产物。尼勒克大规模玄武质火山岩的形成可能和塔里木二叠纪地幔柱活动有关。     

Geochemical evolution of the Tertiary succession of the NW shelf,Bengal basin,Bangladesh: Implications for provenance,paleoweathering and Himalayan erosion

Whole rock major, trace and rare earth element (REE) compositions of Paleogene to Neogene sedimentary rocks of the NW shelf succession (Province 1) of Bangladesh contain a record of interaction of the India and Asian plates, Himalayan tectonism, and climatic development. Analyses of 66 sandstones and mudrocks from the Tertiary succession of Bangladesh were made to examine provenance, source weathering, and the influence of paleoclimate and tectonism. The sediments display linear geochemical trends due to quartz dilution, and varying quartz–clay ratios produced by hydrodynamic sorting. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns for both sandstones and mudrocks from different groups are similar to upper continental crust, with moderate to high LREE enrichment (lithotypes within formations average La_N/Yb_N 5.31–11.41) and marked negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu^* 0.51–0.69). Based on geochemical criteria the succession can be divided into three parts (Jaintia; Barail–Surma; and Dupi Tila). Very high silica contents in Jaintia Tura sandstones and high Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA) indices in Kopili mudrocks (Fe-shales) suggest derivation from a deeply weathered and stable cratonic source (India). The Tura sandstones are interpreted as first-cycle quartz arenites, produced while the Indian plate drifted across equatorial regions during the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal maximum (PETM). The Barail–Surma and Dupi Tila sediments were derived from a felsic orogen (the Himalaya). The Barail–Surma sediments were mainly derived from the Trans Himalayan Batholith and associated granitoids, with significant contribution from the Lesser Himalaya. Mafic input is also evident, probably from intraoceanic arc material within the Himalaya. Barail mudrocks have uniformly high CIA values (92–95), suggesting intense steady-state weathering of their proto-Himalayan source, and warm and humid climate. In contrast, CIA values of Surma mudrocks range from 66 to 93 (average 84), suggesting non-steady state weathering related to active uplift in the Himalaya. The Dupi Tila sediments were derived from a more felsic Lesser Himalaya source, with significant contribution from the Trans-Himalaya and very little or no ophiolitic or arc material. Dupi Tila mudrocks have CIA ratios of 62–99 (average 72), also indicating non-steady state weathering in the rising Himalayan source. Geochemical compositions of the NW shelf sediments are comparable to coeval successions in the Surma basin (Province 2) of Bangladesh and the Siwaliks (India), indicating similar source. Evolution of the Indian monsoon and associated high precipitation caused intense chemical weathering of the Surma and Dupi Tila source, despite rapid uplift. The Surma Group thus bears the signature of evolution of the Asian monsoon in the Bengal basin at 21 Ma, simultaneous with the development of the East Asian monsoon. This supports proposals that both monsoon systems developed at the same time.     

Advance in geochemical research on Au in coal ash北大核心CSCD

Recent researches on Au in coal ash were summarized in this paper, including the distribution law and the migration rule of gold in coal ash, as well as the influencing factors on volatility and use feasibility of Au in the progress of coal combustion. Au content in coal ash is much higher than that in the raw coal in most cases worldwide, only a small number of opposite cases are found in certain places. Occurrence of Au in coal, geological-geochemical environment of coal-forming and combustion conditions are the main factors controlling the volatility of gold in coal combustion, while the occurrence of Au in coal dominates the redistribution of Au. Through preliminary calculation, gold in coal ash is expected to have a considerable utilization potential in the southwestern Guizhou Province.     

Hydrocarbon potential of the Zechstein Main Dolomite in the western part of the Wielkopolska platform,SW Poland: New sedimentological and geochemical data

The results of identification of facies and microfacies of highstand systems tract (HST) deposits in the Zechstein Main Dolomite (Ca2) are presented followed by a critical analysis of the existing views on the paleogeography and facies architecture of the Wielkopolska Platform (eastern part of the Fore-Sudetic Monocline, SW Poland). The authors discuss and question, the existence in zones that have been treated as basinal flat in the analysed area, and an extensive platform margin ooidal barrier. In general, the facies architecture of the study area resembles the block built of the Paleozoic basement.On this background analytical geochemical results are presented and their source nature characterized in the context of a new revised model of the Ca2 basin paleogeography. A new facies classification of carbonates, which has not been applied for the Polish part of the Ca2 basin yet, was presented. The geochemical characteristic of Ca2 rocks indicates that good oil-prone source rocks are present only locally and are connected with calcisiltites and dolomudstones of facies II and dolobindstones of facies IV. These facies are mainly present in the slope and toe-of-slope zones. The microbial-algal facies, abundant in the carbonate platform, have a weaker residual potential. However, the thermal maturity stays within the entire range of the “oil window”, the rocks should be re-labeled as good source rocks. The presence of oil-prone kerogen Type II, and locally even Type I, makes the Ca2 beds in this part of the Wielkopolska Platform a very efficient source rock, the character of which is confirmed by numerous hydrocarbon accumulations, related to the course of tectonic zones and morphology of the basement. The proposed characteristic of source rocks in the new paleogeographic-facies system, enables their better petroleum evaluation and shall enable future prospecting of the perspective zones.     

Metal concentration and structural changes in Corallina elongata (Corallinales, Rhodophyta) from hydrothermal vents

Shallow-water hydrothermal activity is widely present at Azores archipelago. Organisms in such environments present great potential as sentinels of the effects derived from chronically exposure to increased temperature, metal concentrations and reduced pH. This study aimed to evaluate metal concentration in Corallina elongata collected at locations exposed and not exposed to shallow-water hydrothermal activity and evaluate changes in its calcareous structure. Elemental concentration was determined and morphometric analysis was performed by scanning electron microscopy. Thicker cell walls and a bleached appearance were observed on C. elongata specimens from the hydrothermally active location, as well as increased concentrations of elements associated to volcanic activity.This study reports on metal accumulation and morphometric changes in the calcareous structure of C. elongata from a hydrothermally active location, adding new data for further research on such habitats and communities, providing an insight on how coralline algae might be affected by ocean acidification.     

Coral Ba/Ca records of sediment input to the fringing reef of the southshore of Moloka’i, Hawai’i over the last several decades

The fringing reef of southern Moloka’i is perceived to be in decline because of land-based pollution. In the absence of historical records of sediment pollution, ratios of coral Ba/Ca were used to test the hypothesis that sedimentation has increased over time. Baseline Ba/Ca ratios co-vary with the abundance of red, terrigenous sediment visible in recent imagery. The highest values at One Ali’i are near one of the muddiest parts of the reef. This co-varies with the lowest growth rate of all the sites, perhaps because the upstream Kawela watershed was historically leveed all the way to the nearshore, providing a fast-path for sediment delivery. Sites adjacent to small, steep watersheds have ∼decadal periodicities whereas sites adjacent to mangrove forests have shorter-period fluctuations that correspond to the periodicity of sediment transport in the nearshore, rather than the watershed. All four sites show a statistically significant upward trend in Ba/Ca.     

辽东大连新元古代臼齿碳酸盐岩地球化学特征及其地质意义

臼齿构造碳酸盐岩是全球各大陆中、新元古代时期普遍发育的、具有特殊成因意义的碳酸盐岩类型,到目前为止,已在全球20多个地区近50多个中、新元古代地层剖面中被发现。百余年来,有关MT的研究越来越深入,进展显著。从前期和前人较少关注的有关MT与宿主岩石的关系,尤其是从MT与宿主岩石地球化学特征的关系及其所揭示的地质意义出发,通过薄片、电子探针、背散射、阴极发光等测试手段及C、O、Sr同位素的系统测试,对辽东地区新元古代南关岭组、营城子组及兴民村组MT及其宿主岩石的成分、结构、微观组构等特征进行了深入研究。研究证明,MT是原生或早期成岩的产物,由原生海水埋藏成岩和海水直接成岩形成;MT与宿主岩石具有相似的地球化学特征,具有同生或准同生的特点,形成于温暖的正常海水环境,并于Sturtian冰期前终止发育。锶、碳同位素同全球中、新元古代碳锶同位素理论曲线类比表明,大连新元古代南关岭组和营城子组的形成时限为760~950 Ma,兴民村组形成时限为720~800 Ma,与胶辽徐淮地区新古代地层具有良好可对比性。     

Dolomitization of the lower Ordovician Catoche formation: Implications for hydrocarbon exploration in western Newfoundland

The lower Ordovician St. George Group in Western Newfoundland consists of a sequence of subtidal and peritidal carbonates, which are extensively dolomitized. The current study investigates the diagenetic evolution of the Catoche Formation from the Port aux Choix and Port au Port peninsulas in order to study the controls on reservoir quality in western Newfoundland. The Catoche Formation dolomites are classified into three main generations. Early and pervasive replacement dolomite (D1) indicates that dolomitization began during early stages of diagenesis. Stable isotope and trace element data indicate significant variations between D1 dolomite on the Port aux Choix and Port au Port peninsulas. The depleted δ¹⁸O signature of D1 dolomite fluids (−8.7 ± 1.3‰ VPBD) on the Port aux Choix Peninsula is consistent with partial dolomitization associated with mixing of seawater and meteoric waters on the flanks of structural highs. In contrast δ¹⁸O values (−6.1 ± 0.7‰ VPBD) and trace element data from the Port au Port Peninsula indicate that pervasive D1 was associated with mixing of possibly post evaporitic brines with meteoric waters.Later-stage replacement dolomites (D2) are associated with enhancement in porosity through the development of intercrystalline pores, while latest stage saddle dolomite (D3), significantly occluded the pores in some horizons. D2 dolomite formed due to the influx of warm (>100 °C), saline (>15 eq. wt% NaCl) fluids. Intercrystalline porosity in D2 formed due to the dolomitization of precursor calcite, due to the lower molar volume of dolomite compared to calcite. Therefore porosity development is lower on the Port au Port Peninsula, with no significant volume change during the recrystallization of the pervasive early (D1) dolomicrite. Similarly, extensive porous horizons on the Port aux Choix Peninsula are related to the limited extent of D1 dolomitization. This suggests that the quality of a potential dolomite reservoir is strongly controlled by tectonic and diagenetic history of host carbonates.