新疆西天山科克赛岩体年代学、地球化学及地质意义

新疆西天山科克赛岩体位于赛里木地块北部,岩石类型为二长花岗斑岩,属高钾钙碱性系列.元素地球化学组成表明,该二长花岗斑岩主量元素SiO2 、Al2O3和MgO含量分别为70.56％ ～71.46％、15.27％ ～16.01％和0.77％ ～ 1.02％;轻稀土元素富集,(La/Yb)N为14.99 ～23.69,重稀土元素亏损,δEu值显示弱负异常或正异常(0.88 ～1.21);微量元素Sr、Y和Yb含量分别为363×10-6 ～577×10-6、7.40×10-6～8.50×10-6和0.60×10-6 ～0.72×10-6.上述特征显示二长花岗斑岩具有埃达克岩的地球化学特征.同位素地球化学特征表明该二长花岗斑岩具有较低的锶初始值(ISr=0.705078 ～0.705572)、正的εNd(t)值(2.82 ～3.56)和相对年轻的两阶段Nd模式年龄(774 ～ 835 Ma).锆石LA-MC-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄为301.9±1.8Ma,表明岩体形成于晚石炭世末期.元素地球化学和同位素地球化学特征显示科克赛岩体为新元古代增生的地壳物质部分熔融的产物,形成于晚石炭世后碰撞初期阶段.     

广西来宾蓬莱滩剖面中上二叠统硅质岩的地球化学特征及沉积背景

广西来宾地区中上二叠统广泛发育硅质岩,蓬莱滩剖面和铁桥剖面是本地区中上二叠统出露最好的剖面.本文对蓬莱滩剖面28件硅质岩(分别为中二叠统茅口组3件与上二叠统合山组25件)的主量和稀土元素进行了分析研究,并结合岩石学特征,认为:蓬莱滩剖面合山组硅质岩沉积于受到陆源物质影响的边缘海盆环境,它们的硅质主要来源于硅质生物,为生物成因;而其茅口组硅质岩则沉积于远离陆源物质影响的边缘海盆环境,它们的硅质主要来源于热液,为热液成因.通过与铁桥剖面的热液成因硅质岩的沉积背景对比研究,结果表明:中晚二叠世时期,来宾地区为富硅的边缘海盆环境,而陆源物质输入程度的差异是造成本地区形成不同成因硅质岩的主要因素.     

陕西凤县八方山-二里河大型铅锌矿床地球化学特征及找矿预测

八方山-二里河大型铅锌矿床具有热水沉积和后期改造的成矿特征,但REE、B、Ba、Tl等元素的分布特征不完全具有明显海底喷流特征,或者说其距喷流中心较远。该矿床石英流体包裹体均一温度和闪锌矿中FeS中分子百分数及Ga/Ge原子比均显示成矿温度为200~340℃,以中、高温为主。方解石流体包裹体均一温度为80~160℃和160~260℃,反映有两次热液事件的改造作用。矿区矿化硅质岩中的锆石具有碎屑锆石的特点,U-Pb年龄值分散(400~1800Ma),不能代表硅质岩或铅锌矿床的形成时代,大量碎屑锆石的存在说明其形成环境可能是近海成因。破坏铅锌矿体的闪长玢岩的形成时代为214±2Ma,二里河矿区附近的花岗斑岩形成时代为217.9±4.5Ma,二者皆是印支运动晚期的产物。闪长玢岩切穿矿体和微石英岩,说明矿化改造作用应在此之前;矿体在背斜的转折端富集,说明改造作用的主体应在褶皱过程中发生,即印支运动早期是矿化改造期,也可能是印支早期至印支晚期之间。八方山-二里河大型铅锌矿床的形成经历了热水沉积和构造改造2个成矿阶段,沉积阶段金属元素在中泥盆世地层中形成初步富集,为后期构造改造提供了物质来源。该矿床成因为基底热水喷流沉积-构造岩浆改造型。本区铅锌矿床的主要控矿构造应为同沉积背斜、提供热水运移通道的同生断裂构造及成矿物质沉淀富集的局限性沉积盆地构造。同沉积灰岩背斜、灰岩与千枚岩接触带以及硅质岩或者碳酸盐岩地层区的"礁-硅-泥"岩套是最直接、最重要的找矿标志。八方山-二里河铅锌矿区扩大找矿的最经济且有储量远景的地段是主背斜南翼TEM物探异常部位,这是为矿山寻找可接替资源的最佳勘查靶位。     

桂西南早中生代酸性火山岩年代学和地球化学:对钦-杭结合带西南段构造演化的约束

出露于钦-杭结合带西南段的早中生代酸性火山岩,主要沿着桂西南十万大山中新生代盆地两侧分布。其中出露于盆地北西侧的上-中三叠统北泗组火山岩主要由长英质熔岩(玄武安山岩、英安岩和流纹岩)夹火山碎屑岩(主要为集块熔岩、角砾熔岩、凝灰熔岩、熔结角砾凝灰岩和熔结凝灰岩)等岩石组成,获得英安岩锆石 SHRIMP U-Pb谐和年龄为246±2Ma;而出露于盆地南东侧的三叠系板八组火山岩主要由流纹岩夹珍珠岩、凝灰熔岩、集块熔岩和流纹质凝灰岩组成,获得流纹岩锆石 SHRIMP U-Pb谐和年龄为250±2Ma。主量、微量元素及Sr-Nd同位素地球化学研究表明,这些火山岩属于典型的过铝质高钾钙碱性火山岩系,表现出富集大离子亲石元素(如K、U、Ba、Rb和Th)和轻稀土元素,而Nb、Ta、P和Ti 等高场强元素和重稀土元素明显亏损,并具有较高的锶同位素初始比值((⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i=0.713929~0.722178)和较低的ε_Nd(t)值(-10.33~-9.02),反映其具有俯冲消减作用形成的岛弧型火山岩地球化学特征。结合本区存在有早古生代MORB型变质基性火山岩和二叠纪弧后扩张中心环境形成的E-MORB型玄武岩的资料表明,扬子板块和华夏板块结合带(称之为钦-杭结合带)西南段有古生代洋盆的存在,该洋盆的俯冲消减过程一直延续至中三叠世的印支运动导致扬子板块和华夏板块发生碰撞才终止。     

超高压岩石中变质脉的研究

超高压岩石中的变质脉体是示踪变质流体活动的重要途径之一。高压-超高压岩石中不仅出露"纯"的石英脉(石英含量>98%),还出露了具有不同复杂矿物组合的"不纯"脉。最近的研究成果表明,对各种类型变质脉的观察和研究有助于深化对大陆碰撞造山带中变质流体/熔体性质以及元素迁移行为的认识。目前主要解决的科学问题包括:(1)确认形成各种类型脉的流体/熔体性质;(2)获得成脉过程中主微量元素(特别是流体不活动性HREE和HFSE)发生迁移的尺度和规模,探讨流体/熔体性质对超高压变质条件下元素地球化学行为的影响;(3)获得各种类型变质脉形成的确切时代。     

全球新元古代冰期的记录和时限

化学沉淀碳酸盐矿物在沉积后很容易受到各种作用的影响,其中最重要的是其在成岩阶段所经历的成岩作用。碳酸盐沉积物在成岩过程中主要受大气降水、海水和埋藏过程中孔隙流体的控制,经历一系列压实、溶解、矿物的多相转变、重结晶、胶结等成岩作用,逐渐转变为固结的岩石。在成岩过程中,由于孔隙流体与沉积流体之间的异同以及温度的变化,碳酸盐沉积物的原始矿物成分、地球化学特征可能会很好的保存下来,但在许多情况下,也可能会改变,从而使我们无法准确反演碳酸盐沉积物在沉积时水体的特征。因此,我们在应用碳酸盐岩重建相关古环境和古气候变化的时候,必须要通过有效的方法来对碳酸盐岩是否受到成岩作用的影响进行鉴定。     

青海双朋西金矿区花岗岩稀土元素地球化学

研究了双朋西金矿区花岗岩的稀土元素地球化学特征,稀土元素配分模型为轻稀土富集的右倾曲线,轻重稀土元素比值有规律地变化,反映其具有相同的来源及壳源特征.     

Petrology and geochemistry of Yamato 984028: a cumulate lherzolitic shergottite with affinities to Y 000027, Y 000047, and Y 000097

We report the petrography, mineral and whole-rock chemistry (major-, trace-, and highly-siderophile element abundances, and osmium and oxygen isotope compositions) of a newly recognized lherzolitic shergottite, Yamato (Y) 984028. Oxygen isotopes (Δ¹⁷O = 0.218‰) confirm a martian origin for this meteorite. Three texturally distinctive internal zones and a partially devitrified fusion crust occur in the polished section of Y 984028 studied here. The zones include: 1) a poikilitic region with pyroxene enclosing olivine and chromite (Zone A); 2) a non-poikilitic zone with cumulate olivine, interstitial pyroxene, maskelynite and Ti-rich chromite (Zone B) and; 3) a monomict breccia (Zone C). The pyroxene oikocryst in Zone A is chemically zoned from Wo_3–7En_76–71 in the core region to Wo_33–36En_52–49 at the rim, and encloses more Mg-rich olivine (Fo_74–70) in the core, as compared with olivines (Fo_69–68) located at the oikocryst rim. Constraints from Fe–Mg partitioning between crystals and melt indicate that constituent minerals are not in equilibrium with the corresponding bulk-rock composition, implying that Y 984028 represents a cumulate. The whole-rock major- and trace-element compositions, and initial ¹⁸⁷Os/¹⁸⁸Os value (0.1281 ± 0.0002) of Y 984028 are similar to other lherzolitic shergottites and this sample is probably launch-paired with Y 793602, Y 000027, Y 000047, and Y 000097. The Os isotopic composition and highly-siderophile element (HSE) abundances of Y 984028 and other lherzolitic shergottites are consistent with derivation from a martian mantle source that evolved with chondritic Re/Os.     

The chemical nature of Europa surface material and the relation to a subsurface ocean

The surface composition of Europa is of special interest due to the information it might provide regarding the presence of a subsurface ocean. One source of this information is the infrared reflectance spectrum. Certain surface regions of Europa exhibit distorted H₂O vibrational overtone bands in the 1.5 and 2.0 μm region, as measured by the Galileo mission Near Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (NIMS). These bands are clearly the result of highly concentrated solvated contaminants. However, two interpretations of their identity have been presented. One emphasizes hydrated salt minerals and the other sulfuric acid, although each does not specifically rule out some of the other. It has been pointed out that accurate chemical identification of the surface composition must depend on integrating spectral data with geochemical models, and information on the tenuous atmosphere sputtered from the surface. It is also extremely important to apply detailed chemistry when interpreting the spectral data, including knowledge of mineral dissolution chemistry and the subsequent optical signatures of ion solvation in low-temperature ice. We present studies of flash frozen acid and salt mixtures as Europa surface analogs and demonstrate that solvated protons, metal cations and inorganic anions all influence the spectra and must all, collectively, be considered when assigning Europa spectral features. These laboratory data show best correlation with NIMS Europa spectra for multi-component mixtures of sodium and magnesium bearing sulfate salts mixed with sulfuric acid. The data provide a concentration upper bound of 50-mol% for MgSO₄ and 40-mol% for Na₂SO₄. This newly reported higher sodium and proton content is consistent with low-temperature aqueous differentiation and hydrothermal processing of carbonaceous chondrite-forming materials during the formation and early evolution of Europa.     

Geochemistry and stratigraphic correlation of basalt lavas beneath the Idaho Chemical Processing Plant, Idaho National Engineering Laboratory

 Thirty-nine samples of basaltic core were collected from wells 121 and 123, located approximately 1.8 km apart north and south of the Idaho Chemical Processing Plant at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory. Samples were collected from depths ranging from 15 to 221 m below land surface for the purpose of establishing stratigraphic correlations between these two wells. Elemental analyses indicate that the basalts consist of three principal chemical types. Two of these types are each represented by a single basalt flow in each well. The third chemical type is represented by many basalt flows and includes a broad range of chemical compositions that is distinguished from the other two types. Basalt flows within the third type were identified by hierarchical K-cluster analysis of 14 representative elements: Fe, Ca, K, Na, Sc, Co, La, Ce, Sm, Eu, Yb, Hf, Ta, and Th. Cluster analyses indicate correlations of basalt flows between wells 121 and 123 at depths of approximately 38–40 m, 125–128 m, 131–137 m, 149–158 m, and 183–198 m. Probable correlations also are indicated for at least seven other depth intervals. Basalt flows in several depth intervals do not correlate on the basis of chemical compositions, thus reflecting possible flow margins in the sequence between the wells. Multi-element chemical data provide a useful method for determining stratigraphic correlations of basalt in the upper 1–2 km of the eastern Snake River Plain. Received: 16 February 1996 · Accepted: 1 April 1996