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111.
112.
亚热带山地土壤的地球化学特征及其与新构造运动的关系 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
对亚热带峨眉山、天目山和凤阳山的列样品研究表明,高、低海拔土壤在矿质风化与淋溶、氧化铁富集与转化、粘粒矿物类型及分布等方面均酷为相似,而这些地球化学特性在相同温差水平带的土壤上却有明显区别,由此推算的新构造运动强度与前人研究结构基本一致。这对阐明山地土壤的发生分类及拓宽新构造运动研究方法等有一定参与价值。 相似文献
113.
114.
福建西部震旦系上统变质火山岩属钙碱性系列。REE分布模式均呈向右倾斜的曲线,具Eu负异常,富集大离子系亲石元素和亏损地幔岩相容元素,(86)Sr/(87)Sr初始值0.7105~0.7126,显示陆壳重熔生成的岩浆特点。它们是在浙南-闽西北加里东期挤压碰增造山作用中陆壳重熔岩浆上升喷发产物。 相似文献
115.
The analysis of sand samples by x-ray fluorescent spectroscopy (XRF) gives the ratio of the geochemical elements to construct the sand samples. The x-ray analysis therefore shows the geochemical characteristics of sand in the sampled area. In this study, sand is sampled on coasts and rivers of the Noto Peninsula to determine the geochemical elements and to show the geological characteristics that occur, especially iron and calcium. The experiments show the effect of rivers and Kotogahama beach on iron and calcium, respectively. Applying the method of ratio matching to the measured data of the geochemical elements, the direction of movement of sand on the coast is determined by considering the correlation matrix and the ratio of geochemical elements between sand samples at two locations. The predominant longshore direction movement of sand offshore in the study area is from south to north. Sand in rivers is not directly transported to adjacent beaches; however, offshore sand is transported to beaches. The estimated direction of movement of sand longshore near coastal structures agrees with observations. The proposed method to predict the direction of movement of sand gives the correct one in comparison with the observed data in rivers. 相似文献
116.
广西晚古生代硅岩的地球化学及其形成的大地构造环境 总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16
广西晚古生代泥盆、石炭纪和二叠纪地层中广泛发育放射虫硅岩,在桂西百色、那坡一带这些地层中的硅岩与玄武岩伴生。而钦州、柳州及河池一带未见到玄武岩。对这些地区硅岩的主元素、微量元素及稀土元素的研究表明:不同地区的硅岩有不同的成因,百色、那坡地区的硅岩形成在深水远洋环境并受到海底火山及热液作用的影响;钦州板城地区的硅岩以生物成因为主;而柳州、河池的硅岩属于离火山、热液活动稍远的生物成因。玄武岩的发现及硅岩成因的判别对探讨广西晚古生代大地构造环境及演化具有重要意义。 相似文献
117.
C.?E.?Suh S.?N.?Ayonghe R.?S.?J.?SparksEmail author C.?Annen J.?G.?Fitton R.?Nana A.?Luckman 《Bulletin of Volcanology》2003,65(4):267-281
Mount Cameroon (4,095 m high and with a volume of ~1,200 km3) is one of the most active volcanoes in Africa, having erupted seven times in the last 100 years. This stratovolcano of basanite and hawaiite lavas has an elliptical shape, with over a hundred cones around its flanks and summit region aligned parallel to its NE--SW-trending long axis. The 1999 (28 March–22 April) eruption was restricted to two sites: ~2,650 m (site 1) and ~1,500 m (site 2). Similarly, in the eruption in 2000 (28 May–19 June), activity occurred at two sites: ~4,095 m (site 1) and ~3,300 m (site 2). During both eruptions, the higher vents were more explosive, with strombolian activity, while the lower vents were more effusive. Accordingly, most of the lava (~8×107 m3 in 1999 and ~6×106 m3 in 2000) was emitted from the lower sites. The 1999–2000 lavas are predominantly basanites with low Ni (5–79 ppm), Cr (40–161 ppm) and mg numbers (34–40). Olivine (Fo77–85, phenocrysts and Fo68–72, microlites), clinopyroxene (Wo47En41Fs10 to Wo51En34Fs15), plagioclase (An49–67) and titanomagnetite are the principal phenocryst and groundmass phases. The lavas contain xenocrysts of olivine and clinopyroxene, which are interpreted as fragments of intrusive rocks disrupted by magma ascent. Major and trace element characteristics point to early fractionation of olivine. The clinopyroxenes (Al2O3 1.36–7.83 wt%) have high Aliv/Alvi ratios (1.3–1.8) and are rich in TiO2, characteristics typical of low pressure clinopyroxenes. Geochemical differences between the 1999–2000 lavas and those from previous eruptions, such as higher Nb/Zr of the former, suggest that different eruptions discharged magmas that evolved differently in space and time. Geophysical and petrological data indicate that these fractionated magmas originated just below the geophysical Moho (at 20–22 km) in the lithospheric mantle. During ascent, the magmas disrupted intrusions and earlier magma pockets. The main ascent path is below the summit, where newly arrived magma degasses. Degassed magma simultaneously intrudes the flank rift zones where most lava is extruded.An erratum to this article can be found at 相似文献
118.
J.?M.?UgidosEmail author K.?Billstr?m M.?I.?Valladares P.?Barba 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2003,92(5):661-676
Sandstones and shales from the Upper Neoproterozoic (UN) succession in the Central Iberian Zone (CIZ) show parallel REE patterns and relatively restricted and similar ranges and average values of some element ratios such as Al2O3/TiO2, Ti/Nb, Eu/Eu*, (La/Yb)n, (Gd/Yb)n and Th/U. This remarkable geochemical homogeneity for related medium- and fine-grained rocks is unusual, and strongly suggests a recycled source area. However, the Lower Cambrian (LC) equivalent rocks are, in general terms, geochemically less mature, more heterogeneous and more fractionated. Their average REE patterns are practically coincident, probably as a consequence of REE redistribution related to the reworking of sediments during a stage of sea level fall in Lower Cambrian times. Ti and Zr abundances, chemical index of alteration (CIA) values and element ratios such as Al2O3/TiO2, K/Rb, Ti/Nb and Rb/Zr can be used for discriminating purposes between the UN and LC siliciclastic rocks. Detrital zircons from a UN and a LC sandstone display morphological differences. However, U-Pb data are discordant and cannot be interpreted in a straightforward manner. Nevertheless, age data are compatible with a model in which the continent of Gondwana would have supplied zircons, showing a bimodal age distribution, in variable proportions to the respective sandstone units. 相似文献
119.
Jarmo J. Meriläinen Juhani Hynynen Arja Palomäki Keijo Mäntykoski Allan Witick 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2003,30(4):387-406
Sedimentary diatom frustules and chironomid remains, in addition to the chemical stratigraphy of 32 elements and organic pollutants such as resin acids, PCB, DDT and its metabolites, were studied from core samples taken from Lake Jyväsjärvi in Central Finland (64° 14 N, 25° 47 E). The sediment profile covered over 200 years, with the oldest samples representing a period of very low human interference. The town of Jyväskylä was established on the lake shore in 1837, and the lake received untreated municipal wastewater from the town up until, 1977. A paper mill started operations in 1872 and began discharging effluent into Lake Jyväsjärvi. In recent years this effluent loading has been reduced. Based on the biological and chemical properties of the sediment strata, five developmental phases were distinguished and named as follows: (1) a pre-industrial phase (approximately up until the 1860s); (2) a phase of early changes in the lake ecosystem (from the 1870s to ca. 1940s); (3) a phase of increasing eutrophication (from ca. 1950 to ca. 1965); (4) a phase of severe pollution (from ca. 1966 to the early-1990s); and (5) a phase of recovery, which proceeded more quickly during the late-1990s following long-term hypolimnetic aeration. It was estimated that the ecological status of the lake changed from good to moderate during the second phase. Due to the poor chemical status of the lake (including increased concentrations of harmful substances) and the pronounced changes in diatom and chironomid communities, the ecological status from 1950 to the early-1990s was classified as bad. The present ecological status, after a slow recovery of about 20 years, can be classified as moderate/poor. Chemical analysis of the sediment revealed that some elements (C, N, P, S, Ba, Cd, Cu, Fe, Pb, Ni and Zn) followed the known history of municipal waste water discharge into the lake, but Hg, Cr and persistent organic pollutants had different stratigraphies, and therefore mainly originated from other sources. Pronounced changes in profundal benthic communities (chironomids) started about 80 years later than those in diatoms, but later changes in chironomid assemblages were greater than those in diatoms. 相似文献
120.
O. K. Manuel 《Journal of Earth System Science》2000,109(1):195-203
The notion of remote element synthesis has recently been modified to explain the presence of nucleogenetic isotopic anomalies
and decay products of short-lived nuclides by injection of a small amount ofexotic nucleogenetic material. Even with this modification, remote element synthesis seems inconsistent with the following observations:
相似文献
– | Evidence of coupled variations in the chemical and isotopic compositions of the source material for meteorites. |
– | Residual coupling of chemical and isotopic heterogeneities across planetary distances in the solar system today. |
– | The mass-fractionation relationship seen across isotopes of elements in the planetary system, in the solar wind, and in solar flares. |
– | Linkage of short-lived radioactivities with isotopic anomalies and with physical properties of their host grains, as expected for early condensate of fresh stellar debris. |
– | Temporal and spatial distributions of short-live nuclides and their decay products. |
– | Mirror-image (+ and −) isotopic anomalies in meteorite grains that sum to “normal” isotopic ratios, as expected of unmixed products of the same nuclear reactions that produced our bulk elements. |
– | The lac supporting evidence for “presolar” grains or nearby stars that injectedexotic material into the early solar nebula. |