海拉尔地震台阵噪声源调查

利用海拉尔地震台阵位置资料,选取台阵半径50 km范围,通过实地摸排和GPS仪定位方法,判断台阵周围有无国际标注的各大噪声源,同时计算噪声源与台阵的距离,分析台阵所属9个子台环境噪声水平,并将现今噪声功率谱与2000年时进行对比,汇总结果,并对台阵环境噪声水平进行评价。结果表明,海拉尔地震台阵周围有6类噪声源,其中工业设施和公共交通对台阵噪声水平的影响集中在高频段,但对监测能力影响不大;根据地震计安放位置与干扰源的最小距离进行评价,得出7个子台噪声源水平达到Ⅰ级台站环境地噪声水平,B₄、B₅子台处于Ⅱ级台站环境地噪声水平,台阵噪声水平总体处于良好状态,不影响仪器的正常运行。     

中浅地层剖面质量改进方法及应用

海洋工程勘察中,中浅地层剖面是一种应用广泛的调查设备,其具有便携性、高效率、高主频和高分辨率的特点。实际调查中,随机噪音、多次波等问题严重降低了地层剖面资料的信噪比和分辨率,同时,现场作业对海况的依赖性很强。文中从中浅地层剖面的野外采集设备和室内资料处理方面分析,提出立体震源、多道接收系统、带通滤波、预测反褶积和相关滤波等方法。立体震源拓宽了地层剖面资料的频带,获得了更深的剖面和更高的分辨率;多道接收系统使中浅地层剖面数据由单道变为多道,有利于室内资料处理;对于目前主流的单道中浅地层剖面数据,首先要识别噪音的来源和特征,再通过增益、带通滤波、涌浪校正,预测反褶积等方法来处理,最后获取的高质量地层剖面资料一定是各种方法的综合使用和多次试验的结果。     

基于S变换的随机噪声压制方法

S变换是近年来发展起来的一种时频分析方法,本文首先通过设计理论模型测试S变换对非平稳信号的分辨能力,然后将S变换引入对地震资料随机噪声的压制中去,测试了S变换压制随机噪声的效果．研究表明：S变换是一种有效的时频分析方法,并可以很好地压制叠前地震资料的随机噪声．     

频波谱在地震噪声分析与衰减中的应用

论文首先指出了利用野外试验记录和一维谱资料分析地震噪声的局限性,提出了利用频波谱(简称f-k谱)分析地震噪声的观点.接着以实例详细论述了f-k谱在研究噪声特征、为二维滤波提供最佳参数和分析野外工作参数的地质效果等方面的应用方法.实践证明,f-k谱为分析和衰减地震噪声提供了定量的依据,对指导野外采集和资料处理,提高地震资料的信噪比和分辨率有一定的参考价值.     

基于倾角中值滤波法的浅层反射地震叠前信噪分离技术

浅层反射地震资料中面波一般比较发育,对有效信号形成干扰,现有压制面波等相千干扰的处理手段主要适用于中深部、深部地震勘探,但并不适用于浅层反射地震资料的处理。为此提出了倾角中值滤波法。该方法是基于叠前地震单炮道集上反射波与强线性干扰在￡吨域视速度上的差异,在多组视倾角范围内,求取一个最佳视倾角,将最佳视倾角的振幅序列的中值视为相干干扰,利用“减去法”,达到信噪分离。通过模型与实际资料的处理,汪明该方法能够有效分离强线性干扰,并保留了强线性干扰的特性,提高了资料的信噪比,保真度高,是浅层高分辨率地震勘探的一种理想的叠前信噪分离技术。     

Crustal and upper mantle S-wave velocity structures across the Taiwan Strait from ambient seismic noise and teleseismic Rayleigh wave analyses

Although orogeny tapers off in western Taiwan large and small earthquakes do occur in the Taiwan Strait, a region largely untouched in previous studies owing mostly to logistical reasons. But the overall crustal structure of this region is of particular interest as it may provide a hint of the proto-Taiwan before the orogeny.By combining time domain empirical Green’s function (TDEGF) from ambient seismic noise using station-pairs and traditional surface wave two-station method (TS) we are able to construct Rayleigh wave phase velocity dispersion curves between 5 and 120 s. Using Broadband Array in Taiwan for Seismology (BATS) stations in Taiwan and in and across the Strait we are able to derive average 1-D Vs structures in different parts of this region. The results show significant shear velocity differences in the upper 15 km crust as expected. In general, the highest Vs in the upper crust observed in the coastal area of Mainland China and the lowest Vs appears along the southwest offshore of the Taiwan Island; they differ by about 0.6–1.1 km/s. For different parts of the Strait, the upper crust Vs structures are lower in the middle by about 0.1–0.2 km/s relative to those in the northern and southern parts. The upper mantle Vs structure (Moho – 150 km) beneath the Taiwan Strait is about 0.1–0.3 km/s lower than the AK135 model. The overall crustal thickness is approximately 30 km, much thinner and less variable than under the Taiwan Island. The inversion of seismic velocity structures using shorter period band dispersion data in the sea areas with water depth deeper than 1000 m should take water layer into consideration except for the continental shelves.     

Geological variation in S-wave velocity structures in Northern Taiwan and implications for seismic hazards based on ambient noise analysis

Ambient noise analysis in Northern Taiwan revealed obvious lateral variations related to major geological units. The empirical Green’s functions extracted from interstation ambient noise were regarded as Rayleigh waves, from which we analyzed the group velocities for period from 3 to 6 s. According to geological features, we divided Northern Taiwan into seven subregions, for which regionalized group velocities were derived by using the pure-path method. On average, the group velocities in mountain areas were higher than those in the plain areas. We subsequently inverted the S-wave velocity structure for each subregion down to 6 km in depth. Following the analysis, we proposed the first models of geology-dependent shallow S-wave structures in Northern Taiwan. Overall, the velocity increased substantially from west to east; specifically, the mountain areas, composed of metamorphic rocks, exhibited higher velocities than did the coastal plain and basin, which consist of soft sediment. At a shallow depth, the Western Coastal Plain, Taipei Basin, and Ilan Plain displayed a larger velocity gradient than did other regions. At the top 3 km of the model, the average velocity gradient was 0.39 km/s per km for the Western Coastal Plain and 0.15 km/s per km for the Central Range. These S-wave velocity models with large velocity gradients caused the seismic waves to become trapped easily in strata and, thus, the ground motion was amplified. The regionalized S-wave velocity models derived from ambient noises can provide useful information regarding seismic wave propagation and for assessing seismic hazards in Northern Taiwan.     

基于偏微分方程的去噪方法

利用偏微分方程抑制图像噪声已经被认为是具有显著效果的图像去噪技术.在阐述图像噪声模型的基础上研究了图像去噪的偏微分方程模型,并对偏微分方程中的参数选择进行了讨论.为了保持图像的边缘信息,对经典模型参数进行了改进.实验结果表明,偏微分方程适用于图像噪声的抑制,并且可以在抑制图像噪声的同时,保持较好的边缘信息.     

Ambient Noise Tomography of Jinan: The Migration of Groundwater and the Formation of Geothermal Water

Jinan is an important city in eastern China, with rich groundwater in the region. There are four famous springs in the urban area and an abundance of geothermal water in the northern part, which makes the migration of groundwater in this area a very important issue. To study the shallow shear wave velocity structure and groundwater migration in Jinan, we utilized almost a month of continuous waveform data from 175 short period seismometers deployed by the Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, in order to calculate the cross-correlation function. We picked 7749 group dispersion curves and 6117 phase dispersion curves with a period range of 0.2–2 s. Through inversion, we obtained the fine three-dimensional shear wave velocity and azimuthal anisotropy structure (0–2.4 km). Combining the results with local geological and hydrological data, the following conclusions were reached. (1) There are widespread high velocity anomalies in the region between the Qianfoshan and Wenhuaqiao faults, as well as to the east of the Wenhuaqiao Fault, which may be related to the intrusive gabbro known as the Jinan Intrusive Rock. (2) The two distinct high velocity anomalies in our model (referred to as west and east Jinan Intrusive Rock in this paper) may indicate that the Jinan Intrusive Rock was broken through crustal movement. (3) There is an obvious low velocity layer under the intrusive rock, which could be the channel of groundwater migration. The precipitation in the southern mountain region seeps down into the ground, then is blocked by the Jinan Intrusive Rock and can only progress downwards to a deeper part, where the groundwater is heated by the geothermal gradient. The heated water finally arrives at the northern part and forms geothermal water. (4) The depth of the low velocity layer beneath the Jinan Intrusive Rock varies laterally, which may indicate that the depth of the groundwater migration is different beneath the west and east Jinan Intrusive Rock. (5) There is strong azimuthal anisotropy in southern Jinan, with nearly E-W fast orientation, which may be related to the tilt limestone layering structure.