井间电磁逆散射成像

强散射情况下的电磁逆散射成像有着广泛的应用背景,备受人们的关注.本文基于频域中标量电磁波方程积分形式的直接离散化,探讨了井间电磁逆散射成像中同时反演电容率和电导率的可能性、抗噪声能力,分辨率及对异常系数的限制问题,得到了较满意的结果.     

甘肃省及邻区Ms4.0以上地震前的电磁波异常特征

本文根据分布在甘肃省河西地区１４个电磁波台站近６年来的观测资料，分析了近几个来发生在甘肃省及邻近地区的１１个Ｍｓ４．０以上地震的电磁波异常特征。结构表明，震前电磁波异常信号主要有低频脉冲和阵发性脉冲两类；异常信号出现的时间强度与地震的大小及距离远近有关，震级大、距离远的地震信号出现的时间早、幅度大；震源浅的地震异常信号强，累计持续时间长，其信号呈脉冲形式，震源深信号相对较弱，并显示低频脉动特征；震     

Electromagnetic scattering by a perfectly conducting half-plane in a conductive half-space

FollowingDmitriev (1960) a rigorous theoretical solution for the problem of scattering by a perfectly conducting inclined half-plane buried in a uniform conductive half-space has been obtained for plane wave excitation. The resultant integral equation for the Laplace transform of scattering current in the half-plane is solved numerically by the method of successive approximation. The scattered fields at the surface of the half-space are found by integrating the half-space Green's function over the transform of the scattering current.The effects of depth of burial and inclination, of the half-plane on the scattered fields are studied in detail. An increase in the depth of burial leads to attenuation of the fields. Inclination introduces asymmetry in the field profiles beside affecting its magnitude. Depth of exploration is greater for quadrature component. An interpretation scheme based on a phasor diagram is presented for the VLF-EM method of exploration for rich vein deposits in a conductive terrain.List of symbols x, y, z Space co-ordinates - Half-space conductivity - ₀ Free-space permeability - Excitation frequency (angular) - T Time - h Depth of the half-plane - a Inclination of the half-plane - E _x x-Directed total electric field - E _x ^p x-Directed primary electric field - E _xo ^p x-Directed primary electric field atz=0 directly over the half-plane - H _y y-Component of total magnetic field - H _y ^p y-Component of primary magnetic field - H _y0 ^p y-Component of primary magnetic field atz=0 directly over the half-plane - H _z z-Component of total magnetic field - H _z ^p z-Component of primary magnetic field - J _x Surface density ofx-directed scattering current - G Green's function - k ₀,K Wave numbers - u,u ₀,u ₁,u ₂ Functions - Space co-ordinate - s Variable in transform domain - Variable of integration - Normalized scattering current - Laplace transform of - N Normalized - , ₀, ₁, ₂ Functions - t Variable of integration - Skin depth - H Total magnetic field - H ^p Primary magnetic field - H ₀ ^p Primary magnetic field atz=0 directly over the half-plane - M,Q,R,S,U,V Functions - N ₁,N ₂ Functions     

The response of a horizontal conducting cylinder embedded in a uniform earth for uniform and line current sources

The response of a horizontal conducting cylinder embedded in a uniform conducting earth is studied using mathematical models of uniform and line current source excitation for the period range 10 to 10⁴ s. The line current source is located at heights ranging from 100–750 km above the surface of the earth. From the calculated results, it is shown that for periods greater than 10³ s the ratioE _x /H _y at the surface of the earth for localized fields, such as the auroral and equatorial electrojet normally situated at heights of about 100 km, is considerably different from that for a uniform source. The results presented also show that the magneto-telluric method of geophysical prospecting for ore bodies in regions of the electrojet may not be very practicable for periods exceeding 10³ s.     

Electromagnetic fields of a vertical magnetic dipole above a laterally inhomogeneous thin layer of conductive overburden

An analytical formulation is developed for the resultant electromagnetic field of an oscillating vertical magnetic dipole located over a thin conductive sheet of infinite extent. The sheet is characterized by a conductivity-thickness product or conductance d that may be a function of the horizontal coordinates. The system of integral equations arising in the general formulation is simplified greatly when azimuthal symmetry prevails. Numerical results for a Gaussian variation of d in the radial direction are presented for the case of a symmetrically located source. These results are for the fields at the level of the source dipole over the conductive sheet. It is shown that the quadrature response of the sheet is enhanced when there is rapid variation of the conductance. The null in the resultant wave tilt is also found to be shifted toward the direction of increasing conductance.     

三维陆地可控源电磁法有限元模型降阶快速正演

三维陆地可控源电磁法有限元快速正演的主要瓶颈在于多频率大型稀疏方程组求解问题.本文引入一种基于模型降阶的Krylov子空间投影算法,推导了有限元刚度矩阵的模型降阶形式,构建了频率域传递函数;采用标准正交向量序列,构建一个远远小于有限元刚度矩阵维度的矩阵,该矩阵与频率无关,通过一次模型降阶即可实现多频点有限元方程快速求解.采用基于电场的变分方程,加入散度校正条件,以消除伪解;引入伪δ函数,消除了源点的奇异性,可适用于复杂背景模型三维有限元数值模拟,并为多源的求解奠定了基础;以层状介质模型解析解为标准,通过和基于Pardiso直接求解器的有限元算法（3DFEM）进行比较,模型降阶法计算时间小于前者的1/10,平均相对误差在1.72%,在满足精度要求下,实现了高效率三维有限元数值求解;分别设计了横向高低阻模型和纵向高低阻模型,分析了从近区到远区电场和卡尼亚视电阻率的变化规律,假极值的表现特征,阴影效应的影响等,从而也验证了该算法的正确性.最后,建立了一个地层陷落柱模型,通过模型降阶有限元正演模拟,发现视电阻率断面图在陷落柱上方出现"凹陷",与模型设计吻合,表明该算法对复杂地层模拟具有同样的适用性.     

电磁辐射"EMOLS"仪观测结果原理及震例

“九五”期间研制的“EMAOS”电磁辐射仪,其接收原理是按大地电磁测深的原理改进而研制的。选择接收频段为0．01～10Hz,该频段探测深度在0～20km,是浅源地震发生的层位。记录的电磁扰动是在应力场作用下,动电效应产生的电磁场。电场和磁场同时记录增强了信息可信度的判断能力,记录震例表明,异常规律与已有模拟结果基本相同。因此,已总结的模拟记录预报指标等可在数字记录结果中使用。     

利用电磁观测粗略判定地震及台湾地震震级公式校正

通过对点频及5KC电磁波传播路径的理论特征分析并结合99年度发生在闽台地区的几个地震震前所记录到的电磁波异常持续时间进行分析、研究,总结出如何利用电磁观测粗略判定闽台地震的方法,如何利用公式来估算震级,以及台湾地震震级估算公式校正。     

An integrated methodology for assessing soil salinization, a pre-condition for land desertification

Soil salinization is mainly an arid-zone problem leading to land desertification. It reduces soil quality and limits the growing of crops. The control of this problem involves inventorying, mapping, and monitoring soil salinity, which requires cost-effective, rapid, and reliable methods for determining soil salinity in the field, and rapid, specific data-processing methods. This paper shows the usefulness of an integrated methodology involving a hand-held electromagnetic sensor (Geonics-EM38) and the ESAP (Electrical conductivity or salinity, Sampling, Assessment and Prediction) software for assessing, predicting, and mapping soil salinity. The salinity of a 0.45-ha surface-irrigated plot was analysed by reading the EM38 at 161 locations, and by employing the ESAP software for calibrating the sensor, and predicting and mapping soil salinity at multiple depths. To calibrate the EM38 sensor, the electrical conductivity of the saturation extract (ECe) of 57 soil samples taken at 19 points was measured. The multiple linear regression (MLR) calibration model predicted ECe from EM38 readings with R² ranging from 0.71 to 0.95 for the multiple-depth profile. Furthermore, the MLR calibration model provided field range average estimates of soil salinity. Fifty-seven percent of the field had ECe values above 4 dS m⁻¹. The salinity levels and distribution in the root zone identified areas with inverted profiles, which revealed drainage problems. The integrated method presented is a breakthrough in the ability to accurately and rapidly assess soil salinity in agricultural lands.     

雷电电磁辐射的危害及安全对策

分析雷电电磁脉冲的起电机制、传播途径及其对电子设备的危害，提出对雷电电磁脉冲的防护措施。