岩石破裂时电磁辐射的机理研究

本文提出了岩石破裂时的电磁辐射是裂纹尖端电荷随着裂纹加速扩展运动所产生的假说.应用断裂力学方法推导了岩石破裂时初始裂纹长度与裂纹扩展加速度的关系,并计算了其速度和加速度值.根据破裂岩石的电子发射理论,解释了裂纹尖端带电荷的现象.利用岩石在单轴压缩致裂过程中记录到的近场电磁辐射的实验结果,计算了裂纹扩展时裂纹尖端的电荷量和远场电磁辐射强度.通过对电磁辐射波谱分析的研究,得到岩石破裂时电磁辐射频率上限的估计值.最后对岩石破裂时出现的声光电磁现象在理论上作了统一的定性的解释.     

导体边缘附近虚感应矢量性质的数值模型研究

本文用E极化的二维有限元法和有限差分法研究导体层边缘附近的虚感应矢量.首先,研究有一定埋深的导体--围岩界面处的情况,其中包括虚感应矢量的频率响应.其次,研究了海岸效应的虚感应矢量的频率响应.在海岸效应中不仅考虑了不同海水层厚度的影响,还考虑了海水与陆地的电导率比值大小对虚感应矢量的影响.最后,研究了被动陆缘（passive continental margin）处的海岸效应,检查磁感应矢量的测量是否能揭示海岸下面深部电导率的横向变化（即与岩石层厚度变化有关联的电导率变化）.     

电磁法在工程地质勘察中的应用

本文采用有场源电磁法勘探粤东沿海广(州)深(圳)珠(海)及深(圳)汕(头)南线等高速公路工程,勘探使用美国GDP—12及加拿大EM—37电磁数据采集系统。文章论述了时间域与频率域的多种电磁法装置在桥梁、互通、遂道及软土公路工程中的地磁物理应用前提及它们的应用环境、工作效率、勘探深度等,低阻覆盖下的地质分层及断层产状性质等问题是本文探讨要点。文中例举了多种装置的电磁异常场剖面图及其曲线形态:对磨刀门桥址西江断裂的电磁异常剖面曲线形态、特征作了构造地质解释,认为该断裂系由两条主干断层组成的蠕滑断层组。上述工程地质解释结论已作为工程勘察设计依据。有的电磁异常已被工程地震及钻探证实。     

Magnetometer array studies in India: Present status,data interpretation and assessment of numerical modelling results

Significant results from several array of magnetometers deployed in India to probe deep geoelectrical structures of the crust and the upper mantle are reviewed in this paper. Emphasis is on critical appraisal of earlier results so that the article summarizes what has been done so far and what caution is to be taken on future work. Two large-scale arrays over northwest and peninsular India during 1979–80, have been followed up with six more linear or two-dimensional arrays over different parts of the country. “Trans-Himalayan” conductor aligned along the strike of Aravalli range, delineated by arrays over northwest India, essentially represents one of the major continental induction anomalies mapped by electromagnetic methods. Efforts for quantifying the induction effects through numerical models are shown to be constrained due to the large inter-station spacing, lack of information on the regional background conductivity distribution and the non-inclusion of the frequency dependence of induction effects. A more comprehensive modelling, not biased by these factors, enables approximating the Trans-Himalayan conductor as an asymmetric domal upwarp in the middle and lower crust located between Delhi-Hardwar ridge and Moradabad fault. Numerical modelling results for southern peninsular, despite the constraints, indicate that the strong and complex induction pattern can be adequately attributed to the combination of conductors connected with triple junction between Indo-Ceylon Graben, Comorin ridge and the west coast rifting. Induction features derived from the Valsad array, operated over basalt-covered region of western India, demarcate an enhanced conducting zone beneath Plume-associated triple junction in the Gulf of Cambay, apart from characterizing the presently active seismic zone as a resistive block.     

Shock drift electron acceleration and generation of waves

An analytically derived distribution function of reflected and accelerated electrons at a nearly perpendicular shock is presented. Then this distribution in a simplified form is introduced into a 1.5-D relativistic electromagnetic particle-in-cell (PIC) model and a generation of waves is studied. Numerical modeling shows not only a generation of Langmuir and high-frequency electromagnetic waves as expected, but also an efficient generation of whistler waves. Their role in emission processes of type II solar radio bursts is discussed.     

Inhomogeneous perfect fluid universe with electromagnetic field

Cylindrically symmetric inhomogeneous cosmological model for perfect fluid distribution with electromagnetic field is obtained. The source of the magnetic field is due to an electric current produced along the z-axis. F ₁₂ is the non-vanishing component of electromagnetic field tensor. To get the deterministic solution, it has been assumed that the expansion θ in the model is proportional to the shear σ. Physical and geometric aspects of the models are also discussed in presence and absence of magnetic field.      

电偶源频率电磁测深视电阻率多参量联合反演效果检验

通过大量的数值模拟试验，对电偶源频率电磁测深（FEMS）视电阻率多参量联合反演的效果进行了检验和对比。结果表明，多参量联合反演具有较快的收敛速度和较高的拟合精度。     

分布式被动源电磁法系统及其应用

分布式被动源电磁法系统 ,简称DPEM。DPEM利用天然电磁场或人文电磁场作为源场 ,研究大地的电磁响应 ,探测地下电性分布及地质结构 ,可适应各种复杂的地理地质环境。主要特点有 :同步阵列遥测不同地理坐标点的电磁场 ,具有高信噪比、高分辨率和高效率 ;主机 -子机系统 ,为非封闭挂接式 ,可按使用要求配置子机数量 (坐标点数 ) ,一次实现面积性同步覆盖测量 ;频率范围 16kHz～ 0Hz ,实现浅自近地表、深至 1km、直至上地幔的不同地质目标的探测 ;可提供视电阻率、阻抗相位、异常相位等地电学参数。文中介绍了 3个工作实例     

太阳的空间观测与研究Ι—太阳电磁波 辐射的观测与研究概况

太阳空间观测为揭示太阳新的观测现象与研究开拓了新的途径。空间观测具有全波段、全时段、全方位以及无大气抖动和大气散射光等观测优点。本文着重探讨了太阳空间长波射电观测、Ｘ射线观测、紫外线观测的成就与研究结果。这些波段（包括光学）的爆发均起因于太阳大气中被加速的荷能电子与太阳等离子体、磁场相互作用而产生的电磁辐射,其能量约占太阳耀斑总量的１／４,即１０２５Ｊ。     

中国大陆地电场日变化特征及影响因素

作为地电场最重要的背景变化组成成分之一,地电场日变化普遍存在。本文选取中国大陆10个地电场台站观测数据,应用时序迭加和谐波分析方法,研究地电场日变化的时间域和空间域基本特征。地电场日变化大多呈现"两峰一谷"或"两谷一峰"的变化特征,日变化特征一年四季基本相同,但是幅度、相位略有差异。此外,利用地磁、地貌、电性结构等资料,对地电场日变化的复杂性及与空间电磁活动、地下电性结构及潮汐相关性进行分析,认为地电场日变化特征本质是受空间电磁活动和地下介质电性结构、水文、地质等因素共同作用的结果。