一次人工引发闪电初始电流及其电磁场变化特征

研制了近距离闪电磁场变化测量系统,并在2005年夏季山东滨州的人工引发闪电试验中,获得了闪电电流和距闪电通道60 m处的1μs时间分辨率的电磁场变化同步观测资料。本文详细分析了一次人工引发闪电放电初始阶段的电流及近距离电磁场。本次引发闪电中火箭拖带的导线底端通过一段5 m左右的尼龙线与引流杆相接,这段空气间隙击穿放电所产生的电流为720A,对应的60 m处电场和磁感应强度变化分别为0.38 kV/m和11.26μT。对同步资料的进一步分析表明,人工引发闪电上行正先导电流脉冲时间间隔为18.0~25.0μs,平均峰值电流为23.0A,变化范围为16.9~41.0A;单个先导过程转移电荷量的平均值为84.3μC,变化范围为57.8~141.0μC。60 m处先导电场峰值和磁感应强度峰值的平均值分别为16.7 V/m和0.3μT,变化范围分别为8.7~28.2V/m和0.116~0.544μT。先导电流峰值Ip(A)与其产生的磁感应强度峰值B(μT)之间满足Ip=61.9B 2.56。     

河南安阳台电磁辐射异常与中强地震的关系初探

分析了河南安阳测震台用ＤＣ－Ⅱ型电磁辐射异常监测仪记录的地震电磁辐射异常曲线的特征,指出,用异常幅度和异常持续时间相结合的方法可突出地震前兆异常,用震例说明,电磁异常对中强地震的短临预报有一定的意义。     

电磁波层析成像阻尼因子引入与应用

在电磁波层析成像(EWCT)中采用数据预处理模型，引入新的阻尼因子估计方法.首先对原始数据进行滤波，快速获得初步解，利用该过程的滤波因子来估计阻尼因子加入LSQR算法中.工程应用表明，在成像质量和算法效率上具有一定优点.     

空间电磁卫星的粒子探测与汶川地震

通过电磁卫星研究地震与空间电离层和磁层的电磁场等参数的变化关系作为地面地震预报研究的补充,是近年来研究地震规律和预报方式的一个新的研究方向,研究空间带电粒子的相关特性是其中的一个重要内容.分析了法国DEMETER电磁卫星上的高能电子探测器在2008年间的探测数据,特别是在我国汶川地震前后的数据,研究了内辐射带高能电子在东西经度方向漂移的情况;地震前后汶川上空及不同经纬区域范围内空间电子能谱的变化;以及汶川地区的余震与空间电子通量在短时标上的关联.发现在90~600 keV能区, 90°E~110°E, 47°N~49°N的汶川北部区域,地震当天与地震前后几天的能谱有明显差别;在VLF发射站引起的电子沉降带上的能谱在地震前有显著低能段涨高.     

Sensitivity and inversion of marine electromagnetic data in a vertically anisotropic stratified earth

The controlled‐source electromagnetic (CSEM) and magnetotelluric method (MT) are two techniques that can be jointly used to explore the resistivity structure of the earth. Such methods have, in recent years, been applied in marine environments to the exploration and appraisal of hydrocarbons. In many situations the electric properties of the earth are anisotropic, with differences between resistivity in the vertical direction typically much higher than those in the horizontal direction. In cases such as this, the two modes of the time‐harmonic electromagnetic field are altered in different ways, implying that the sensitivity to the earth resistivity may vary significantly from one particular resistivity component (scalar, horizontal or vertical) to another, depending on the measurement configuration (range, azimuth, frequency or water depth). In this paper, we examine the sensitivity of the electromagnetic field to a vertically anisotropic earth for a typical set of configurations, compare inversion results of synthetic data characterizing a vertically anisotropic earth obtained using the isotropic and anisotropic assumptions and show that correctly accounting for anisotropy can prevent artefacts in inversion results.     

Inversion of multi-frequency electromagnetic induction data for 3D characterization of hydraulic conductivity

Electromagnetic induction (EMI) instruments provide rapid, noninvasive, and spatially dense data for characterization of soil and groundwater properties. Data from multi-frequency EMI tools can be inverted to provide quantitative electrical conductivity estimates as a function of depth. In this study, multi-frequency EMI data collected across an abandoned uranium mill site near Naturita, Colorado, USA, are inverted to produce vertical distribution of electrical conductivity (EC) across the site. The relation between measured apparent electrical conductivity (EC_a) and hydraulic conductivity (K) is weak (correlation coefficient of 0.20), whereas the correlation between the depth dependent EC obtained from the inversions, and K is sufficiently strong to be used for hydrologic estimation (correlation coefficient of ? 0.62). Depth-specific EC values were correlated with co-located K measurements to develop a site-specific ln(EC)–ln(K) relation. This petrophysical relation was applied to produce a spatially detailed map of K across the study area. A synthetic example based on EC_a values at the site was used to assess model resolution and correlation loss given variations in depth and/or measurement error. Results from synthetic modeling indicate that optimum correlation with K occurs at ~ 0.5 m followed by a gradual correlation loss of 90% at 2.3 m. These results are consistent with an analysis of depth of investigation (DOI) given the range of frequencies, transmitter–receiver separation, and measurement errors for the field data. DOIs were estimated at 2.0 ± 0.5 m depending on the soil conductivities. A 4-layer model, with varying thicknesses, was used to invert the EC_a to maximize available information within the aquifer region for improved correlations with K. Results show improved correlation between K and the corresponding inverted EC at similar depths, underscoring the importance of inversion in using multi-frequency EMI data for hydrologic estimation.     

Soil properties and performance of landmine detection by metal detector and ground-penetrating radar — Soil characterisation and its verification by a field test

Metal detectors have commonly been used for landmine detection, and ground-penetrating radar (GPR) is about to be deployed for this purpose. These devices are influenced by the magnetic and electric properties of soil, since both employ electromagnetic techniques. Various soil properties and their spatial distributions were measured and determined with geophysical methods in four soil types where a test of metal detectors and GPR systems took place. By analysing the soil properties, these four soils were classified based on the expected influence of each detection technique and predicted soil difficulty. This classification was compared to the detection performance of the detectors and a clear correlation between the predicted soil difficulty and performance was observed. The detection performance of the metal detector and target identification performance of the GPR systems degraded in soils that were expected to be problematic. Therefore, this study demonstrated that the metal detector and GPR performance for landmine detection can be assessed qualitatively by geophysical analyses.     

孕（发）震期间震源体的电磁信息与电磁传感器的接收

结合ＭＤＺＱＹ－１型地震前兆预测仪监测的实例，剖析了震源体在孕震、发震期间的电磁信息特征，建立了电磁波仪器接收不同电磁信息使用不同传感器的模式。     

小波分析与电磁测深中静态效应的识别、分离及压制

用小波分析的原理分析频率域电磁测深中的静态效应，给出识别、分离和压制静态效应的新方法．并用理论模型和实例说明方法的效果，该方法还适合对其它类型复杂信号的分析与处理．