Theoretical analysis and simulation for avoiding antenna oscillations without distributed resistance

The so-called Wu and King antenna pattern is widely used in GPR because of its simple design and construction features. The main disadvantage is its limited efficiency due to transmitter energy losses which occur through lumped resistors. Based on the analysis of the electromagnetic field behaviour across the antenna, it is possible to replace the effect of the resistors by either storing the energy of the electric pulses, or damp them by means of one matched resistor, which will theoretically improve the efficiency of the antenna. In this paper we provide a theoretical analysis using a modified transmission line model together with simulation based on delayed potentials among other electromagnetic software, and measurement results using an impulse transmitter with fast MOSFET switches and a matched resistor that support this idea.     

Determination of the 3D structure of an earthflow by geophysical methods: The case of Super Sauze, in the French southern Alps

In order to evaluate the risk associated by an earthflow to abruptly evolve into a torrential flow, the knowledge of its internal structure is necessary. Geotechnical methods are important to reach this goal. However, because of the rough topography associated with earthflows, their surface heterogeneities, and the spatial variations of the thickness of the potentially moving mass, non-intrusive geophysical methods offer a very useful tool that complements traditional geotechnical methods. We report the results of a comprehensive study covering a 150 m by 200 m area of the Super Sauze earthflow. This earthflow developed in black marls in the southern French Alps. Shallow electrical conductivity investigations, derived using low frequency domain electromagnetics, maps hidden gullies and crests and lateral variations of the clay and the water content within the first 5 m below the ground surface. Electrical resistivity tomography allows to extrapolate this information down to 10 m below the ground surface along selected transects. The vertical structure of the earthflow, down to the substratum, is defined precisely thanks to joint inversion of DC and TDEM vertical soundings along one profile: the flowing upper layer and the position of the substratum are clearly evidenced. Combining this geophysical datasets with geotechnical tests and drill holes, we provide an estimate of both the location and the volume of the potentially most dangerous areas of the earthflow.     

利用积分方程的加速迭代算法计算随钻电磁波电阻率测量仪器的响应

采用改进型逐次逼近解法(MSAM)和Aitken加速技术相结合的迭代算法计算二维积分方程.该算法将纵向成层原状地层作为背景地层,将计算区域限制在井眼和侵入带内,具有未知量数目少、收敛速度快、计算精度高的优点.利用该算法对随钻电磁波电阻率测量仪器在轴对称二维地层中的响应进行数值模拟.模拟结果显示,幅度衰减曲线和相位移曲线受井眼、侵入和围岩的影响程度不同,二者径向探测深度和垂向分辨率也有差异,利用补偿后的幅度衰减电阻率曲线和相位移电阻率曲线交叉点的坐标可精确确定地层层界面位置.     

DEMETER卫星观测到的智利7.9级地震前的电离层电磁扰动

利用法国DEMETER卫星观测的电离层电磁数据,分析了2007年11月14日智利7.9级地震前10天内的电磁信号记录,结果发现在震前1周内,低频电磁扰动开始在比较宽的纬度范围内增强,震前3天异常信号幅度达到最大,并在低纬度地区尤其突出.以5天为间隔,比较分析了多参量的空间图像,发现在震前5天异常幅度和范围扩大,震中位于异常区域的边缘地带.分析认为,这次地震前的异常信号与孕震区电磁辐射信号增多及空间加热扰动有关.     

甘肃省及邻区Ms4.0以上地震前的电磁波异常特征

本文根据分布在甘肃省河西地区１４个电磁波台站近６年来的观测资料，分析了近几个来发生在甘肃省及邻近地区的１１个Ｍｓ４．０以上地震的电磁波异常特征。结构表明，震前电磁波异常信号主要有低频脉冲和阵发性脉冲两类；异常信号出现的时间强度与地震的大小及距离远近有关，震级大、距离远的地震信号出现的时间早、幅度大；震源浅的地震异常信号强，累计持续时间长，其信号呈脉冲形式，震源深信号相对较弱，并显示低频脉动特征；震     

高速飞行器的电磁散射增强现象研究

对空间飞行器的电磁波散射截面进行了计算。本文取八种入射频率、五个高度上的电子密度所对应的电磁波散射截面和电声波散射截面进行了计算。结果表明,在正常情况下散射增强范围比Chen在辐射研究中给出的范围要大些。本文还对超高频波段在一些特定区产生的散射增强,用电离层中某些尺寸的不均匀结构的影响给予初步解释。     

Electromagnetic scattering by a perfectly conducting half-plane in a conductive half-space

FollowingDmitriev (1960) a rigorous theoretical solution for the problem of scattering by a perfectly conducting inclined half-plane buried in a uniform conductive half-space has been obtained for plane wave excitation. The resultant integral equation for the Laplace transform of scattering current in the half-plane is solved numerically by the method of successive approximation. The scattered fields at the surface of the half-space are found by integrating the half-space Green's function over the transform of the scattering current.The effects of depth of burial and inclination, of the half-plane on the scattered fields are studied in detail. An increase in the depth of burial leads to attenuation of the fields. Inclination introduces asymmetry in the field profiles beside affecting its magnitude. Depth of exploration is greater for quadrature component. An interpretation scheme based on a phasor diagram is presented for the VLF-EM method of exploration for rich vein deposits in a conductive terrain.List of symbols x, y, z Space co-ordinates - Half-space conductivity - ₀ Free-space permeability - Excitation frequency (angular) - T Time - h Depth of the half-plane - a Inclination of the half-plane - E _x x-Directed total electric field - E _x ^p x-Directed primary electric field - E _xo ^p x-Directed primary electric field atz=0 directly over the half-plane - H _y y-Component of total magnetic field - H _y ^p y-Component of primary magnetic field - H _y0 ^p y-Component of primary magnetic field atz=0 directly over the half-plane - H _z z-Component of total magnetic field - H _z ^p z-Component of primary magnetic field - J _x Surface density ofx-directed scattering current - G Green's function - k ₀,K Wave numbers - u,u ₀,u ₁,u ₂ Functions - Space co-ordinate - s Variable in transform domain - Variable of integration - Normalized scattering current - Laplace transform of - N Normalized - , ₀, ₁, ₂ Functions - t Variable of integration - Skin depth - H Total magnetic field - H ^p Primary magnetic field - H ₀ ^p Primary magnetic field atz=0 directly over the half-plane - M,Q,R,S,U,V Functions - N ₁,N ₂ Functions     

基于深度残差网络与MVMD的多通道地磁信号处理

地磁数据在地震预报、空间天气监测、矿产资源勘查、地球深部构造探索等领域具有重要价值.但现有的地磁台站观测数据受到人文噪声污染的问题日益严重,给地球内部高精度成像带来了极大困难.为此,我们将深度残差网络(residual network,ResNet)与多元变分模态分解(multivariate variational mode decomposition,MVMD)引入到地磁信号的处理,提出一种新颖的多通道地磁信号处理方法.首先,利用深度残差网络对大量人工标记的数据集进行训练,得到基于残差网络的地磁信噪识别模型;然后,利用训练好的模型识别出观测信号中的含噪片段;之后,利用MVMD对含噪片段进行多通道的信噪分离,得到去噪后的片段;最后,用去噪后的片段代替原始观测信号中的含噪片段,得到完整的高质量信号.为验证方法的有效性,我们设计了仿真实验,结果表明所提方法可以将观测信号的信噪比提高约15 dB,相对于变分模态分解(variational mode decomposition,VMD)、互补集合经验模态分解(complementary ensemble empirical mode decomposition,CEEMD)、数学形态滤波(mathematical morphological filtering,MMF)、小波去噪(Wavelet)等方法具有较明显的优势,且适合多通道信号的同时处理.我们将所提方法应用于菲律宾海及西太平洋的海底观测的地磁数据,结果表明所提方法的识别精度约为98%,并能够极大改善信号的质量.去噪后的信号与相邻台站的同时段高质量信号的相似度由去噪前的94.75%提升到了97.34%,表明处理结果是可靠的,使用我们的方法有望提高地磁数据成像的精度及可靠性.

     

基于简化的Pride理论模拟声电效应测井响应

针对声电效应测井问题，提出了一种全波列数值模拟方法.该方法忽略声电效应测井 时转换电场对声场的影响,并将电场视为似稳场.采用点声源模型，依据Biot理论得出了井外 孔隙介质声场的表达式，运用这些表达式和似稳电场近似方法，导出了声电效应测井时转换 电场的计算公式.在计算出的转换电场波形中，有伴随斯通利波的电场、伴随纵波和横波的 电场、和临界折射电磁波场.在25kHz以下的频率范围内，依据这种方法计算出来的声电转换 波波形与依据完整Pride理论计算的波形一致.     

用交错网格有限差分法计算三维频率域电磁响应

用交错网格有限差分法(SFD),实现了三维频率域电磁场响应 的数值模拟. 该方法适用于任何方向的磁偶极子源. 经与解析方法、积分方程等 其他方法的计算结果对比表明,交错网格有限差分法结合散度校正和不完全乔累斯基分解预 处理的双共轭梯度迭代方法进行正演计算,速度快、精度高、结果稳定,能适应三维复杂介 质的数值模拟,为三维电磁反演奠定了基础.