Coastal neotectonics in Southern Central Andes: uplift and deformation of marine terraces in Northern Chile (27°S)

Neotectonic observations allow a new interpretation of the recent tectonic behaviour of the outer fore arc in the Caldera area, northern Chile (27°S). Two periods of deformation are distinguished, based on large-scale Neogene to Quaternary features of the westernmost part of the Coastal Cordillera: Late Miocene to Early Pliocene deformations, characterized by a weak NE–SW to E–W extension is followed by uppermost Pliocene NW–SE to E–W compression. The Middle Pleistocene to Recent time is characterized by vertical uplift and NW–SE extension. These deformations provide clear indications of the occurrence of moderate to large earthquakes. Microseismic observations, however, indicate a lack of shallow crustal seismicity in coastal zone. We propose that both long-term brittle deformation and uplift are linked to the subduction seismic cycle.     

面向自然连续面群边线的协同化简方法

自然连续面群边线化简是地形图中自然面状要素和地理国情普查数据中自然图斑自动制图综合的重要实施步骤。现有面要素边线化简算法大多以线化简算法为基础,未有效化简弯曲特征、保持面积平衡和满足图面视觉清晰性要求,且化简结果存在共享边界不一致、边线自相交和边线之间相交的拓扑问题。为此,结合自然连续面群表达特点和化简要求,本文提出一种面向自然连续面群边线的协同化简方法。首先将自然连续面群转换为拓扑数据结构组织,以待化简弧段及其相邻弧段为基础构建约束Delaunay三角网,标识化简区域;其次利用弧段双侧层次多叉树模型渐进式退化条带状弯曲、化简细小弯曲;最后自适应夸大狭窄“瓶颈”,实现边线的协同化简。以河南省某区域1:5万地形图中的植被与土质面要素进行化简实验,相较于对比方法,该方法能够有效保持自然连续面群边线化简前后的拓扑一致性、要素之间的面积平衡,充分化简目标尺度下的局部不清晰细节,化简结果精度高。     

Rest‐frame UV to optical X‐shooter spectrum of the gravitationally lensed galaxy “the 8 o'clock arc”: Dissection of its physical properties

We present the rest‐frame UV to optical spectrum of the gravitationally lensed galaxy, the “8 o'clock arc” at z = 2.735, obtained with the X‐shooter spectrograph. This is one of the rare comprehensive study of a high‐redshift star‐forming galaxy, usually not feasible due to the faintness of these objects. The spectrum of the 8 o'clock arc is rich in stellar and interstellar absorption features and in nebular emission features. Their analysis allowed us to derive most of the physical properties characterizing the galaxy. From HST images, we reconstruct the morphology of the arc in the source plane and confirm that we resolve a clump in rotation around the main core of galaxy in our X‐shooter spectrum (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

MULTIPLE ISLAND ARC-BASIN SYSTEM AND ITS EVOLUTION IN GANGDISE TECTONIC BELT,TIBET

MULTIPLE ISLAND ARC-BASIN SYSTEM AND ITS EVOLUTION IN GANGDISE TECTONIC BELT,TIBET     

Deep structure of the northeastern Japan arc and its implications for crustal deformation and shallow seismic activity

Seismic tomography studies in the northeastern Japan arc have revealed the existence of an inclined sheet-like seismic low-velocity and high-attenuation zone in the mantle wedge at depths shallower than about 150 km. This sheet-like low-velocity, high-attenuation zone is oriented sub-parallel to the subducted slab, and is considered to correspond to the upwelling flow portion of the subduction-induced convection. The low-velocity, high-attenuation zone reaches the Moho immediately beneath the volcanic front (or the Ou Backbone Range) running through the middle of the arc nearly parallel to the trench axis, which suggests that the volcanic front is formed by this hot upwelling flow. Aqueous fluids supplied by the subducted slab are probably transported upward through this upwelling flow to reach shallow levels beneath the Backbone Range where they are expelled from solidified magma and migrate further upward. The existence of aqueous fluids may weaken the surrounding crustal rocks, resulting in local contractive deformation and uplift along the Backbone Range under the compressional stress field of the volcanic arc. A strain-rate distribution map generated from GPS data reveals a notable concentration of east–west contraction along the Backbone Range, consistent with this interpretation. Shallow inland earthquakes are also concentrated in the upper crust of this locally large contraction deformation zone. Based on these observations, a simple model is proposed to explain the deformation pattern of the crust and the characteristic shallow seismic activity beneath the northeastern Japan arc.     

"三江"北段昌都陆块晚三叠世钾质-超钾质火山岩成因及地质意义

昌都微陆块内部发育一套晚三叠世粗安岩.本文基于系统的野外踏勘,对具有代表性的火山岩进行岩石学、地球化学等研究.结果显示该区火山岩的SiO₂含量为51.36%~58.04%,全碱含量(Na₂O+K₂O)为5.03%~7.84%,根据岩石K₂O,MgO及K₂O/Na₂O比值判断,属钾质-超钾质火山岩,具高K、高Al、低Ti的特征.本区岩石强烈富集大离子亲石元素(LILE)和轻稀土元素(LREE),Nb、Ta、Ti的负异常明显,整体特征类似于弧火山岩.其稀土总量较高(270×10^-6~960×10^-6),轻重稀土分馏明显,重稀土分布形态较平缓.岩石具有较高的初始锶同位素比值(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i=0.7150~0.7176和较低的初始钕同位素比值(¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd)_i=0.51180~0.51184,ε_Nd(t)=-10.9~-10.2,二段Nd模式年龄为t_2DM=1.82~1.88Ga.本区岩石的地球化学特征显示其源区是由俯冲板片所产生的流体/熔体交代的岩石圈地幔,源区矿物组成分析结果显示,其源区以尖晶石二辉橄榄岩为主,含少量石榴石二辉橄榄岩及金云母.本区钾质-超钾质岩石虽然与西藏南部的钾质-超钾质岩石有相似的地球化学特征,但却产于碰撞后的构造背景之下.结合其所具有的弧火山岩特征及时代构造背景判断其为一种"滞后型"弧火山岩,其形成过程可以概括为三个阶段.     

西天山巨型金铜铅锌成矿带构造成矿演化和找矿方向

西天山产有Muruntau、Kumtor、Kalmakyr等巨型金矿床和Kalmakyr、Dal'neye等世界级铜矿床以及Tekeli等超大型铅锌矿床,构成世人瞩目的巨型金铜铅锌成矿带.新疆西天山金、铜、铅锌矿找矿面临重大突破,不断认识乌兹别克斯坦—吉尔吉斯斯坦—哈萨克斯坦东南部—中国新疆西部整个西天山的构造成矿过程,明确新疆西天山金、铜、铅锌矿重大找矿突破方向,预测大型矿集区十分必要.本文通过境内外野外地质矿产广泛调研和对相关文献综合研究,认为西天山造山带形成演化经历前寒武纪古陆边缘裂陷盆地、古生代洋-陆俯冲增生、晚古生代陆-陆碰撞造山、中—新生代坳陷盆地四个主要地质过程,造就出四类重要成矿系统和类型:①元古宙边缘裂陷盆地铅锌成矿系统SEDEX型;②古生代俯冲岛弧金铜铅锌成矿系统斑岩-矽卡岩-浅成低温热液型;③晚古生代碰撞造山金铅锌成矿系统造山型-MVT;④中—新生代坳陷盆地铅锌铜成矿系统砂岩型.综合对比西天山境内外成矿系统地质发育特点,预测新疆西天山那拉提-额尔宾中天山隆起带是造山型金矿找矿重大突破区,吐拉苏盆地和巴音布鲁克中天山以及那拉提山北坡有望实现斑岩型金铜找矿突破,伊犁地块南缘元古宇SEDEX型铅锌找矿值得关注,山间/山前盆地无疑是砂岩型铅锌铜找矿优先选择.     

滇西北永胜地区主要活动断裂与活动构造体系

位于滇西北断陷带东北部、程海-宾川断裂带北端的永胜地区上新世以来断裂活动强烈,构造地貌特征显著。永胜地区1:50000活动构造填图发现,区内共存在各类断裂14条。其中金官断裂（F₁）、永胜断裂（F₂）、木耳坪羊坪断裂（F₃）三者规模最大,活动性亦远超其他断裂,属于程海-宾川断裂带的一级分支断裂,其他断裂为程海-宾川断裂的二级分支断裂。构造地貌特征、错断地质体及擦痕统计等均指示区内断裂现今主要以伸展正断活动为主,根据活动性的差异可将其分为强、较强、中等、弱、极弱5类,其中金官断裂的活动性最强,垂向活动速率可达0.20~0.26 mm/a。对永胜地区主要断裂几何学、运动学特征的研究及动力学机制的讨论可知,永胜地区主要断裂在平面上构成向东突出的弧形旋扭构造体系,在剖面上表现为张扭性断裂常见的负花状构造;程海-宾川断裂带现今活动主要是在近南北向主压应力作用下产生的近东西向的伸展正断,并因为叠加了旋扭作用而具有一定左旋走滑。永胜地区的弧形旋扭构造体系及滇西北断陷带等均是在川滇内弧带顺时针旋转及南汀河断裂、畹町断裂与理塘断裂的走滑拉分共同作用下形成的。      

伊通县放牛沟地区早古生代岩浆演化特征及其与矿产关系

伊通县放牛沟早古生代岩浆活动较为强烈,其发展演化与放牛沟多金属硫化物矿床关系极为密切。岩浆活动特点是先喷发后侵入,先期形成钙碱系列的火山—沉积岩系,后期为Ⅰ型中酸性岩浆侵入。该矿床既有火山沉积特征,又有后期岩浆热动力改造特点,其形成受控于岛弧构造环境、火山活动形成的矿源层、后期热动力改造等因素。