地震波测试技术在十三陵蓄能电站工程验收中的应用

介绍了地震波测试技术在钻孔中测试地层动弹模的原理、方法及效果,并计算出静弹模,为工程的质量评价和验收提供了依据。     

Seismic amplifications from offshore to shore

The objective of this study is to determine numerical estimations of seismic amplifications of waves traveling from offshore to shore considering the effect of sea floor configurations. According to the Boundary Element Method, boundary elements were used to irradiate waves and density force can be determined for each element. From this hypothesis, Huygens’ Principle is implemented since diffracted waves are constructed at the boundary from which they are radiated and this is equivalent to Somigliana's theorem. Application of boundary conditions leads to determine a system of integral equations of Fredholm type of second kind, which is solved by the Gaussian method. Various numerical models were analyzed, a first one was used to validate the proposed formulation and some other models were used to show various ideal sea floor configurations to estimate seismic amplifications. Once the formulation was validated, basic slope configurations were studied for estimating spectra of seismic amplifications for various sea floor materials. In general terms, compressional waves (P-waves) can produce seismic amplifications of the incident wave in the order of 2–5. On the other hand, distortional waves (S-waves) can produce amplifications up to 5.5 times the incident wave. A relevant finding is that the highest seismic amplifications due to an offshore earthquake are always located near the shore-line and not offshore despite the seafloor configuration.     

南海神狐海域水合物三相混合层测井评价方法研究

天然气水合物降压试采过程中,水合物、游离气和水的三相混合层中的游离气首先被采出,从而提高降压效率,促进水合物分解;因此利用岩心刻度测井的方法开展南海神狐海域水合物三相混合层测井评价方法研究,对水合物矿体储量计算以及产业化开采具有重要意义.三相混合层与水合物层相比,其密度和中子孔隙度值均减小,纵波速度明显下降;与气层相比...     

Improvement of pseudo-static method for slope stability analysis

traditional In this paper, two drawbacks pseudo-static method （vertical of the slice method） in the slope stability evaluation have been studied. First, the sliding mass is divided into vertical slices according to this method, which is irrational to some extent in the seismic design of slope. Second, only peak ground acceleration （PGA） is considered, and the effects of shaking frequency and duration on slope stability are neglected. And then, based on the theory of elastic wave and the summarized geological model, this paper put forwards an improved method of pseudo-method by using the theory of elastic wave and Hilbert-Huang transform. The improved pseudostatic method gives reasonable considerations to the time-frequency effects of seismic wave and its rationality has been verified by the shaking table test. This method can evaluate the safety of a slope, the happening time and the scale of landslides. At the same time, this method also can improve the high accuracy of the evaluation of the safety of the slope.     

考虑含砂量影响的砂-黏混合土应力-应变关系特性研究

将砂与黏土按不同比例干重量均匀混合制成砂-黏混合土,进行不排水三轴剪切试验,研究了含砂量和试验围压对混合土初始切线模量和应力-应变关系的影响,并对其作用机理进行了分析。研究结果表明:含砂量小于50%时,可以认为混合土初始切线模量与含砂量无关。含砂量大于50%小于80%时,初始切线模量随含砂量增加呈线性趋势增长。通过把含砂量参数引入到初始切线模量中对Duncan-Chang模型进行修正,使修正后的模型能够描述含砂量小于80%时混合土的应力-应变关系。当含砂量超过80%,混合土呈应变软化型,随含砂量的增加,初始切线模量逐渐保持稳定,应力-应变曲线峰值应变左移,可应用软化模型对其应力-应变关系进行描述。围压对混合土应力-应变关系有很大影响,在双对数坐标中,随试验围压的增大,初始切线模量呈线性趋势增长。     

广西凌云县地下水资源量评价

为研究广西凌云县地下水资源状况,在分析区内地质构造、岩溶发育特征、含水介质及水动力条件的基础上,采用降水入渗系数法和枯季径流模数法分别对凌云县地下水天然补给量和可开采资源量进行评价,并对地下水资源空间分布特征进行分析。结果表明: 全区地下水多年平均天然补给量112 619.73万m³/a,其中岩溶地下水多年平均天然补给量69 797.68万m³/a,基岩裂隙水多年平均天然补给量为42 822.05万m³/a,可开采资源量为9 840.37万m³/a。区内岩溶发育较强烈,岩溶形态丰富,岩溶发育在垂向上具有一定分带性,高程跨度大,地下水资源空间分布总体相对较为均匀。研究成果为凌云县地下水资源可持续开发利用提供了科学依据。     

Experimental study on the dynamic modulus of compacted loess under bidirectional dynamic load

The dynamic characteristics of compacted loess are of great significance to the seismic construction of the Loess Plateau area in Northwest China, where earthquakes frequently occur. To study the change in the dynamic modulus of the foundation soil under the combined action of vertical and horizontal earthquakes, a hollow cylindrical torsion shear instrument capable of vibrating in four directions was used to perform two-way coupling of compression and torsion of Xi'an compacted loess under different dry density and deviator stress ratios. The results show that increasing the dry density can improve the initial dynamic compression modulus and initial dynamic shear modulus of compacted loess. With an increase in the deviator stress ratio, the initial dynamic compression modulus increases, to a certain extent, but the initial dynamic shear modulus decreases slightly. The dynamic modulus gradually decreases with the development of dynamic strain and tends to be stable, and the dynamic modulus that reaches the same strain increases with an increasing dry density. At the initial stage of dynamic loading, the attenuation of the dynamic shear modulus with the strain development is faster than that of the dynamic compression modulus. Compared with previous research results, it is determined that the dynamic modulus of loess under bidirectional dynamic loading is lower and the attenuation rate is faster than that under single-direction dynamic loading. The deviator stress ratio has a more obvious effect on the dynamic compression modulus. The increase in the deviator stress ratio can increase the dynamic compression modulus, to a certain extent. However, the deviator stress ratio has almost no effect on the dynamic shear modulus, and can therefore be ignored.     

Seismic performance of two-story subway station structures with different isolating systems

When the sliding bearing is fixed only at the top of the middle column of the underground structure, the cracks at the side end of the middle plate should be aggravated while the seismic damage of the mid-column should be alleviated. To enhance the seismic performance of the mid-plate, a new isolation design method has been mentioned while the elastic sliding bearings are set at the top of the mid-columns and between the side end of the mid-plate and the side wall at the same time. By establishing a nonlinear finite element analysis model for the static-dynamic coupling interaction system, the seismic response characteristics of the cast-in-place station structure without a sliding bearing have been analyzed and compared with those of the station structure with the sliding bearing fixed only at the top of the middle columns, and those of the station structure with sliding bearing be fixed between the mid-plate and the sidewall at the same time. The results show that the new isolation station structures suffer fewer earthquake damages at the mid-plate and mid-columns at the same time, which can improve the overall seismic performance of the subway station structure.     

有载冻融作用对深部重塑黏土抗剪强度影响的试验研究北大核心CSCD

深厚表土层冻结法凿井工程中,深部土体由于经历了高压冻融作用,导致其工程性质变化,认识冻融作用对其强度与变形影响,对于冻融病害防治有一定意义。本文通过室内试验对深部重塑黏土进行了有载冻融,并对不同干密度、围压、冻结温度和融化温度条件下的深部冻融重塑黏土进行三轴剪切试验,探讨有载冻融作用下深土重塑土抗剪强度的变化规律。研究结果表明:冻融作用使深部重塑黏土的偏应力-应变关系由软化型转变成硬化型;同时,经冻融作用后其抗剪强度与割线模量都产生了一定的下降,在本试验条件下,抗剪强度最高下降了48.8%,割线模量E_()最大下降了72.0%。通过对各影响因素的显著性分析,发现初始干密度对抗剪强度和割线模量影响最为显著,围压对两者的影响最弱。     

基质吸力变化引起的体积应变研究

与降雨有关的边坡表层变形位移,其根源是基质吸力降低引起的非饱和土体积应变。利用某滑坡体的原状样及其重塑样,分别在100kPa、200kPa围压作用下,采用单纯增加基质吸力的应力路径,对基质吸力引起的体积应变,进行试验测试。结果显示: (1)试样的体应变,随基质吸力的增大,单调增大,服从对数函数关系;(2)围压由100kPa增加到200kPa的试样体积模量,随基质吸力的增大,单调增大,服从幂函数关系;(3)与基质吸力有关的体积变化系数,随基质吸力的增大,单调减小,服从幂函数关系;并且当基质吸力大于200kPa以后,随基质吸力增大,体积变化系数接近于常数,约为0.0059左右。在此基础上,本文针对这种由单纯基质吸力变化引起的非饱和土体积应变规律及机理,进行了探讨。