双相横向各向同性介质分界面上弹性波反射与透射问题研究

从双相横向各向同性介质弹性波波动方程出发 ,利用边界上的 4个连续性条件 ,计算双相横向各向同性介质分界面上弹性波反射和透射系数 .计算表明 ,快纵波在双相横向各向同性介质分界面上 ,要产生反射快纵波、反射转换 qSV波、反射转换慢纵波和透射快纵波、透射转换qSV波、透射转换慢纵波 .反射转换慢纵波振幅和透射转换慢纵波振幅均较小 .频率、耗散和各向异性大小影响着快纵波反射系数的大小 .     

Molecular dynamics study of pressure-induced transformation of quartz-type GeO2

We simulated quartz-type GeO₂ and investigated its high-pressure transformation using the molecular dynamics (MD) simulation method with a model potential. The calculated results under hydrostatic compression indicated that a pressure-induced amorphization of quartz-type GeO₂ originated from the mechanical instability of the quartz lattice as, in previous theoretical studies of SiO₂. Furthermore, quartz-type GeO₂ directly transformed to a rutile-like structure with only subtle displacements of ions under σ _{x y} imposed shear stressed decompression. This is the first reproduction of the quartz-to-rutile transformation. A possible pathway of this transition is proposed in this study. Received: 14 April 1999 / Revised, accepted: 11 August 1999     

Behaviour of boron,calcium and magnesium in a polluted estuary

Behaviour of industrially added boron in the well mixed Ambika river estuary of South Gujarat, India has been studied along with that of calcium and magnesium. The ratios of Ca : Cl and Mg : Cl at varying chlorinities were always within the normal ranges found in river water at one end and seawater at the other end. B : Cl exceeded the river water end limit at the ebb tide at an upstream station. Percentage addition or removal of boron, calcium and magnesium was calculated using the concept of the theoretical dilution line. The external input raised the boron concentration by 263% in the vicinity of the industrial discharge. A correlation coefficient of ?0·82 between chlorinity and percentage addition or removal of boron supports the theory of boron incorporation in sediments in amounts proportional to salinity. Inverse relationship between percentage addition or removal of boron and suspended solids was observed. Behaviour of calcium and magnesium was in line with the replacement of Ca²⁺ ions occupying the majority of ion-exchange sites in riverine clays by Mg²⁺, Na⁺ and K⁺ during their first encounter with seawater.     

齐齐哈尔嫩江公路大桥原型及模型振动试验

本文阐述了嫩江公路大桥原型及模型动力试验，通过实测数据分析，给出了该桥的动态特性及振动响应。     

层状横向各向同性介质反问题初探

用偏微分方程组特征理论研究层状并以垂直轴为对称轴的横向各向同性（TIV）介质的参数反演问题，首先从弹性波运动方程与TIV介质的应力－应变关系导出了平面波耦合方程组的特征型．根据奇性分析与特征积分法给出了连续情形下的特征线边界条件，连续清形下的波场延拓方程即平面波耦合方程组的特征型与特征线边界条件组成了层状TIV平滑介质、弱间断介质参数反演问题的基本方程组．并导出了间断情形下的波场延拓方程与特征线边界条件，这些方程组可用于层状介质（间断情况）的参数反演．基于这些基本方程组，探讨了利用地面多分量地震资料反演层状TIV介质多个弹性参数的问题．     

The cyclic behaviour of soils and effects of geotechnical factors in microzonation

Geotechnical site conditions that can be very different due to changes in thickness and properties of soil layers, depth of bedrock and water table are among the main factors controlling earthquake characteristics on the ground surface. Soil layers subjected to cyclic stresses may lead to degradation of stress–strain and shear strength properties. The laboratory tests were conducted to evaluate the changes in the stress–strain and shear strength characteristics in terms of threshold cyclic shear stresses and cyclic yield stress. The effects of local site conditions are assessed based on geotechnical site conditions and earthquake source characteristics.     

Scattering of seismic waves by cracks in multi-layered geological regions: I. Mechanical model

In this work, a hybrid boundary integral equation method (BIEM) is developed, based on both displacement and hypersingular traction formulations, for the analysis of time-harmonic seismic waves propagating through cracked, multi-layered geological regions with surface topography and under plane strain conditions. Specifically, the displacement-based BIEM is used for a multi-layered deposit with interface cracks, while the regularized, traction-based BIEM is used when internal cracks are present within the layers. The standard uni-dimensional boundary element with parabolic shape functions is employed for discretizing the free surface and the layer interfaces, while special discontinuous boundary elements are placed near the crack tips to model the asymptotic behaviour of both displacements and tractions. This formulation yields displacement amplitudes and phase angles on the free surface of a geological deposit, as well as stress intensity factors near the tips of the cracks. Finally, in the companion paper, numerical results are presented which show that both scattered wave and stress concentration fields are sensitive to the incidence seismic wave parameters and to specific site conditions such as surface topography, layering, the presence of cracks and crack interaction.     

单裂缝岩石标本的弹性波频响特征初步分析

通过分析单裂缝岩石标本中弹性波到时分布、波震相转换和波振幅衰减等规律，进一步用波场及频谱量刻划介质横向不均匀性。Ｐ波震相遇裂缝端部后出现“之”字形波峰，分叉成折射Ｐ波、绕射Ｐ波，它的特征也依赖于发射源和接收点相对于裂缝的位置，当波以大角度斜跨裂缝和发射点在约裂缝半长度范围时波到时和振幅差别更大。对其研究有助于认识弹性波场在含断层结构中的复杂图象特征、在野外勘探中提高地震资料解释、断裂构造识别能力和提高弹性波在非完整岩石实验中的声发射定位等能力     

在真三轴压缩条件下片麻岩破裂孕育过程中弹性波的特征变化

片麻岩在真三轴压缩至主破裂的孕育过程中，沿σ３方向（与主破裂面斜交）的弹性波有显著的特征变化；Ｐ波、Ｓ波的初至波走时变化呈现略高～平稳～高值～（回降）的形式，走时比呈现平稳～低值～回升的变化特征。振幅呈现低值～平稳高值～下降～（低值）变化形态，振幅比呈现相对稳定～甚高值～回降变化形态。波列振幅衰减系数呈现稳定值～低值～回升变化形态。微裂隙的开闭和Ｐ，Ｓ波的非同步变化及相对变化量的不同是上述特征变化的主要原因