Pollutants behaviour and temperature effect on chemical piles treated marine clay

Weak marine clay deposits are present in several regions of the world and they are imposing severe problems for structures founded in these deposits. The use of chemicals lime to improve the properties of these soft deposits is not new. In the present investigation, a test programme was carried out to study the influence of temperature on the engineering behaviour of chemical piles treated clays in the presence of sulphate and chloride contaminated marine environment. The formation of various cementation compounds due to soil-lime reactions were identified by X-ray diffraction studies, and the attributed changes occurred in the engineering properties of the soil systems were also brought out. The test results indicated that the increase in temperature has improved the engineering properties of soil significantly.     

Nutrient concentrations and fluxes in the Changjiang Estuary during summer

In June 2003 and 2006 concentrations of nutrient were determined in the Changjiang Estuary. The data indicated that phosphate and nitrate did not behave conservatively in the estuary, but silicate behaved conservatively. An important mobilization of phosphate and nitrate was observed from the river up to halfway in the estuary. Both input flux (from river to estuary) and output flux (from estuary to coastal zone) of phosphate, silicate and nitrate were calculated from statistical interpretations of the salinity profiles. There was a large discrepancy between input and output fluxes of phosphate and nitrate. The river fluxes of silicate, phosphate and nitrate (f_r) are augmented 5.3%, 28.9% and 36.6% in June 2003 and 1.0%, 62.5%, 31.7% in June 2006 by internal inputs (f_i). The phosphate and nitrate fluxes are enhanced through the estuarine process, while silicate flux is unaltered. The authors present some long-term data for nutrient concentrations and the ratios of silicon to nitrogen to phosphorus in the Changjiang Estuary. Silicate level falled in the last two decades, while concentration of nitrate increased. Phosphate concentration had no significant change.     

The value of recreational fishing in the Great Barrier Reef, Australia: A pooled revealed preference and contingent behaviour model

Given the focus on protecting natural assets in the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park in Australia, it is important for managers and policy makers to understand the value of recreational fishing in the area, and how changes in management may affect those recreational values. Travel cost methods were used to estimate the value of recreational fishing in the Capricorn Coast in Central Queensland using data from on-site surveys conducted at boat ramps. The study also uses contingent behaviour models to estimate the change in the value of recreational fishing as conditions vary. Results indicate that there are high values associated with recreational fishing activity along the Capricorn Coast, and that the demand for recreational fishing is inelastic and that values are relatively insensitive to changes in catch rates.     

Vertical migrations of the mangrove snail Cerithidea decollata (L.) (Potamididae) through a synodic month

The vertical migration on mangrove trunks of the gastropod Cerithidea decollata was followed for 5 weeks, in a Kenyan mangrove. Most of the times, snails forage on the mud surface, during low tide, and climb back on trees well before the incoming tide. As soon as the sea retreats, the downward migration takes place and the snails spread again on the ground. The migratory behaviour of snails can vary widely, depending on the relative tide intensity, and different strategies can be exhibited. Individuals can spend several days on trees without migrating to the ground, around Spring Tides, or else, they might remain on the ground without bothering to migrate upwards, during Neap Tides, when the study area is not reached by the water. These irregular animal behaviours, relating to the complicated tide succession, can hardly be explained by the sole presence of an internal clock, and direct cues seem necessary to switch between different strategies, tuning the snails migratory behaviour to the actual local sea conditions.     

欺骗诱捕技术在气象网络安全攻防对抗场景下的应用

随着信息技术的快速发展,网络安全形势愈发严峻,气象部门通过组织网络攻防演习,以实战标准检验并提升业务安全防护体系能力。在演习中,攻击队伍对重要业务单位的真实网络及信息系统进行攻击渗透,各业务单位作为防守方开展实时监控与应急处置。由于攻防双方信息不对等,防守方采用传统防御手段经常处于被动挨打的局面。为提升网络防御能力,本文研究伪装欺骗和攻击诱捕技术在气象部门网络安全实战场景下的应用,通过采用基于蜜罐的欺骗诱捕平台,构建主动防御体系,实现对异常网络流量的监测、分析和预警,并对攻击方进行诱捕、溯源。经过实战检验,欺骗诱捕技术的应用切实提高了网络安全防御能力,保障气象业务系统稳定运行。     

岩体裂隙系统渗流场与应力场耦合模型

岩体系统具有复杂的结构。一般认为，岩体系统是非均质各向异性不连续的多相介质体系。当岩体以裂隙为主，且其分布较密集时，可将岩体系统看作等效连续多相介质体系。本文运用等效连续介质理论，提出了两种岩体裂隙系统渗流场与应力场耦合模型：一是以渗透水压力与隙变形关系、应力与渗透系统数关系为基础，建立渗透系数张量计算公式，进而建立等效效连续介质渗流为数学模型。以裂隙岩体应变张量分析为基础，建立裂隙岩体效应力张量     

可持续TOD建设视角下的轨道站点客流潜力模型构建

轨道是缓解城市交通问题的重要设施,增加出行者选择轨道出行的概率,有利于交通与土地利用协调和TOD可持续发展。本文提出站点客流潜力的概念,并根据复杂网络特征和出行模式构建站点客流潜力模型,通过协调潜力值与实际客流为TOD研究提供新视角。以北京市轨道站点POI数据构建Space-L模型,并依据站点客流潜力模型计算北京市364个站点的客流潜力。研究发现：(1)本文提出的站点客流潜力具有吸引力和承载力两类内涵,能定量分析站点空间与站域客流的协调情况;(2)北京市站点客流潜力值空间分布为“核心-边缘”模式,区间概率分布为等差数列分类的指数分布和等比数列分类的正态分布;(3)根据出行目的设置四类出行情景。不同情景下出行者选择轨道出行的概率具有差异,早高峰和晚高峰情景下轨道出行概率大,受潜力值影响小,非工作出行情景下轨道出行概率小,受潜力值影响大。实例分析表明相比于单独考虑复杂网络特征,潜力值具有更好的可解释性和科学性;(4)耦合度C <0.5时认定站点失调,其中标准化的实际客流与潜力值的比值Z> 1,表示客流过饱和,如西二旗等,会造成站点拥堵,Z <1表示站点交通地理优势未充分发...     

基于优化随机森林回归模型的土壤盐渍化反演

当前应用于土壤盐分含量(Soil Salinity Content,SSC)反演的随机森林回归(Random Forests Regression,RFR)较少关注对模型精度影响较大的反演参数子集和模型参数的同步优化.本研究选择渭-库绿洲和奇台绿洲为实验区,基于Landsat-5 TM、SRTM、MOD 11 A2.0...     

叠前反演和地震吸收技术在复杂天然气藏地震预测中的应用

针对某复杂断块天然气目标储层,在岩石物理分析的指导下,综合利用地质、地震、测井等资料,提出了一套面向复杂天然气藏的叠前地震预测技术.首先基于地震岩石物理分析得到的初始横波信息,采用叠前贝叶斯非线性三参数反演得到了井旁控制点处精确纵横波速度和密度信息,然后通过叠前/叠后联合反演技术实现了面向目标的弹性阻抗体反演及含气储层敏感参数直接提取,最后结合小波变换时频谱分析的方法从叠前地震资料中估算地层吸收参数值,提高天然气藏识别精度.实际应用表明,综合各种叠前地震预测技术,可以大大提高对复杂天然气藏的识别精度,降低勘探风险.