排序方式: 共有70条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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利用较高分辨率的遥感影像确定出古居延绿洲渠系分布和引水口的位置以及古渠道线路的走向,发现古居延绿洲主要分布在现代绿洲的东侧,至少有6处引水口分布于距雅布赖、东城圈和马圈城一线西侧的水道上。渠系由西向东进入各垦区,各引水口随水道西迁向西延伸。渠系与遗址、古耕地和红柳包间的联系以及14C\}测年数据表明: 多数渠系始建于汉代,以后长期延用,盛于西夏,弃于元末明初; 古居延绿洲早期荒漠化始于1300aB.P.; 天然水系向西迁移最终导致了古居延绿洲的废弃和完全荒漠化 相似文献
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基于1977、1993、2001和2005年4期Landsat遥感影像资料,选用面积、斑块数量、斑块平均大小、斑块面积标准差和面积加权平均斑块形状指数,对额济纳盆地景观空间格局的动态变化进行了分析。结果表明:乔木林面积持续减少,表现为绿洲外部及边缘的小斑块大量消失;灌木林在早期以斑块的萎缩和破碎化为主,随后因建群种演替为旱生生态型而趋于稳定,2001年后部分小斑块消失;草地在1977~1993年以小斑块的消失为主,1993~2001年以斑块的破碎化为主,2001年后斑块的团聚性增强,草地扩张;戈壁在1977~2001年斑块的破碎化程度增大,2001年后受草地恢复和巴丹吉林沙漠入侵的影响,总面积和斑块数量减少;沙地在研究期间持续扩张,1977~1993年表现为向植被的分散入侵,1993~2001年斑块的扩张和新小斑块的形成同步进行,2001年后以斑块的扩展和相互连通为主,团聚性增强。黑河输水量的变化是研究区景观空间格局动态变化的主要驱动力,在生态输水工程实施后,生态环境的恶化趋势得到了一定的扼制,但仍需采取措施提高输水的生态效果。 相似文献
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内蒙古额济纳旗一次局地大到暴雨的成因分析 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
通过对2008年10月3日发生于内蒙古额济纳旗达来呼布镇一次局地大到暴雨的天气过程分析,结果发现:①短波槽东移在额济纳旗加深、加强,东高西低形势的建立,是强降水发生的背景条件。②高空冷槽、上升运动、低涡辐合区汇合并叠加为该地中小尺度系统生成和发展提供有利条件。③大到暴雨产生在深厚的水汽层结、水汽辐合及强烈的持续上升运动区在高层辐散、低层辐合的形成区,对流发展,强烈的低涡辐合触发不稳定能量释放,产生了大到暴雨天气。④700 hPa暖舌北伸与高空冷槽相叠置,形成大片雷暴区。 相似文献
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Vegetation responses to integrated water management in the Ejina basin,northwest China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The Ejina basin, which is located in arid and semi‐arid areas of northwest China, has experienced severe environmental deterioration in the past several decades, and an exploratory project was launched by the Chinese Government in 2001 to restore this degraded ecosystem. In this study, multi‐scale remotely sensed data and field investigations were used to quantify the responses of vegetation to the implementation of integrated water management under this project. In terms of the seasonal accumulated Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (SAN) variation, (1) the vegetation in 80·4% of the oasis regions showed an increasing or recovering trend, and increasing SAN trends with a magnitude greater than 0·14 a?1 mainly resulted from cultivated land reclamation; (2) the vegetation in 91·5% of the desert regions presented an increasing trend, and the statistically significant trends mainly appeared in the middle and lower Ejina basin; (3) the vegetation in 19·6% of oasis and 5·1% of desert regions showed a decreasing or degrading trend, mainly where rivers diminished and along artificial concrete canals; and (4) opposite signs of vegetation trends occurred simultaneously along some natural rivers experiencing water reduction, with a decreasing trend generally appearing in the high SAN regions, whereas an increasing trend was seen in the low SAN regions. The broad vegetation recovery observed was due to the comprehensive improvement of the water environment, which was attributed to both the increase in runoff entering the Ejina basin and the adoption of engineering measures. Vegetation degradation in the area mainly resulted from deterioration of the local water environment, which was closely related to the problems of water management. The results of this study can be used as a reference for adjusting the current water resource management strategy to effectively restore this ecosystem. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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利用1961—2010年额济纳旗日照时数资料,使用趋势分析、滑动平均、累积距平、滑动t检验等方法,分析了额济纳旗日照时数变化的主要特征。结果表明:1971—1990年是额济纳旗日照时数丰富期,20世纪60、90年代日照时数明显偏少,近些年来减少幅度略有下降;1961—2010年额济纳旗年日照时数线性增长率为-9/10a,即每10a减少约9h,呈现不明显的减少趋势;作物生长期(4—10月)日照时数线性增长率为2.32h/10a,即每10a减少2h略多,减少趋势不明显;可大致判断额济纳旗日照在1976年前后出现了突变现象。 相似文献
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Study on vegetation ecological water requirement in Ejina Oasis 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
ZHAO WenZhi CHANG XueLi HE ZhiBin & ZHANG ZhiHui Laboratory of Watershed Hydrology Ecology Cold Arid Regions Environmental Engineering Research Institute Chi-nese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou China Linze Inland River Basin Comprehensive Research Station Chinese Ecosystem Research Network Lanzhou China Geography Resource Management College Ludong University Yantai China 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2007,50(1):121-129
The Ecological Water Requirement (EWR) of desert oasis is the amount of water required to maintain a normal growth of vegetation in the special ecosystems. In this study EWR of the Ejina desert oasis is estimated through the relational equation between normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), productivity and transpiration coefficient, which was established by a combination of the RS, GIS, GPS techniques with the field measurements of productivity. The results show that about 1.53×108 m3 water would be needed to maintain the present state of the Ejina Oasis, and the ecological water requirement would amount to 3.49×108 m3 if the existing vegetation was restored to the highest productivity level at present. Considering the domestic water requirement, river delivery loss, oasis vegetation water con-sumption, farmland water demand, precipitation recharge, etc., the draw-off discharge of the Heihe River (at Longxin Mount) should be 1.93×108―2.23 ×108 m3 to maintain the present state of the Ejina Oasis, and 4.28×108―5.17×108 m3 to make the existing vegetation be restored to the highest productiv-ity level at present. 相似文献
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额济纳绿洲植被与环境因子的研究综述 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
就近10 a对额济纳绿洲的最新研究进行了概括和总结,得出对额济纳绿洲的最新研究主要集中在GSPAC系统各组成成分以及额济纳绿洲生态环境变化的研究上。虽然研究成果丰硕,但也有研究不足和有待深入的地方,主要有以下几方面:①要加强土壤水分的时空异质性、不同植被类型区土壤水分时空分布特征、不同地下水埋深条件下土壤水动态变化等的研究。②加强“四水”(微观水文循环)的动力学过程与机制,尤其是饱和带-包气带界面水、汽、热转化过程的研究,以及人类活动影响下浅层地下水系统演化特征的研究。③对黑河下游应急生态输水过程的生态环境效应研究甚少,应加强这一方面的研究。④进一步加强天然植被不同部位(根、茎、叶以及果实)水势的研究;探讨不同环境条件下植物水势变化特点,揭示干旱、盐胁迫环境下植物的抗旱与抗盐机理;加强植物水势对盐胁迫环境的响应研究,重视植物水势与地下水位之间的相互联系,通过研究不同干旱、盐胁迫环境下的植物水势变化,揭示植物受干旱、盐胁迫的过程和程度。 相似文献