基于二元样条函数的DEM传递误差模型

根据两点数值微分公式建立了基于二元样条函数的规则格网数字高程模型(DEM)的表面表达模型,得出了基于二元样条函数的传递误差公式。公式表明,二元样条函数的DEM传递误差与双线性多项式的传递误差相同。但由于样条函数的DEM表面建模误差低于线性多项式的DEM表面建模误差,因此,基于样条函数的DEM表面模型具有更高的精度。     

两种客观分析方法的比较—逐步订正和最优内插

本文利用逐步订正法和最优内插法对高空和地面风、温、湿（ｕ，ｖ，Ｔ，ＲＨ）要素场和地面气压（Ｐｓ）进行了客观分析和预报试验。利用逐步订正分析时，为使一些中－α尺度气象场特征得以体现，设计了多重权重函数－圆形、椭圆形和曲率椭圆形。最优内插法利用一元二维高斯相关模型。客观分析结果表明：在资料密集区域两者基本一致；在资料稀少区域最优内插法好于逐步订正法。预报结果表明：对于２４小时预报结果，逐步订正法优于最     

Première approche pour l'étude des bassins hydrogéologiques profonds du Sud-Ouest tunisien

Due to their high cost, a small number of deep wells cannot give a satisfactory image of the architecture of deep geological formations and their continuity. However, it is very important at an early stage of research to recognize the relations that can exist between the different compartments of the underground formations. Generally speaking, we usually deduce that the hydrodynamic and geochemical parameters can be generated by geological discontinuity. In southwestern Tunisia, the seismic and diagraphic data make it possible to get a satisfactory insight into the underground layers so as to identify the hydrogeological basins and the extension of their parameters. To cite this article: M. Chalbaoui, C. R. Geoscience 337 (2005).     

Evaluation of building period formulas for seismic design

Building period formulas in seismic design code are evaluated with over 800 apparent building periods from 191 building stations and 67 earthquake events. The evaluation is carried out with the formulas in ASCE 7‐05 for steel and RC moment‐resisting frames, shear wall buildings, braced frames, and other structural types. Qualitative comparison of measured periods and periods calculated from the code formulas shows that the formula for steel moment‐resisting frames generally predicts well the lower bound of the measured periods for all building heights. But the differences between the periods from code formula and measured periods of low‐ to‐medium rise buildings are relatively high. In addition, the periods of essential buildings designed with the importance factor are about 40% shorter than the periods of non‐essential buildings. The code formula for RC moment‐resisting frames describes well the lower bound of measured periods. The formula for braced frames accurately predicts the lower bound periods of low‐to‐medium rise buildings. The formula for shear wall buildings overestimates periods for all building heights. For buildings that are classified as other structural types, the measured building periods can be much shorter than the periods calculated with the code formula. Based on these observations, it is suggested to use C_r factor of 0.015 for shear walls and other structural types. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

An Improved Ekman Layer Approximation for Smooth Eddy Diffusivity Profiles

The Ekman boundary-layer model is extended analytically for a gradually varying eddy diffusivity K(z) ≥ 0, z ≥ 0. A solution for the Ekman layer is provided having similar structure to the constant-K case; that is, exponentially decaying sine functions for the two horizontal wind components. The analytical asymptotic solution compares well with its numerical counterpart for various K(z). The result can be useful in theoretical studies such as Ekman pumping, for efficient estimation of the Ekman layer profiles in various analyses with near-neutral stratifications, or for a rapid initialization of mesoscale models.     

Two deterministic and three stochastic modifications of Stokes’s formula: a case study for the Baltic countries

In regional gravimetric geoid determination, it is customary to use the modified Stokes formula that combines local terrestrial data with a global geopotential model. This study compares two deterministic and three stochastic modification methods for computing a regional geoid over the Baltic countries. The final selection of the best modification method is made by means of two accuracy estimates: the expected global mean square error of the geoid estimator, and the statistics of the post-fit residuals between the computed geoid models and precise GPS-levelling data. Numerical results show that the modification methods tested do not provide substantially different results, although the stochastic approaches appear formally better in the selected study area. The 2.8–5.3 cm (RMS) post-fit residuals to the GPS-levelling points indicate the suitability of the new geoid model for many practical applications. Moreover, the numerical comparisons reveal a one-dimensional offset between the regional vertical datum and the geoid models based upon the new GRACE-only geopotential model GGM01s. This gives an impression of a greater reliability of the new model compared to the earlier, EGM96-based and somewhat tilted regional geoid models for the same study area.     

基于三维魔方的芜湖市域主体功能区划研究

按照一定的分区原则,运用适当分区技术路径,合理选择主体功能区划指标体系,综合运用层次分析法和熵值法确定指标权重,从资源生态保护度、社会经济发展强度、发展潜力3个方面分别进行指标评价,将评价单元划分不同等级.在此基础上,采用三维魔方法,构建魔方单元与主体功能区对应关系,将市域划分为优化开发区域、重点开发区域、适度开发区域、限制开发区域,定性确定禁止开发区域,分区评价及提出相应发展策略.     

胃平滑肌肉瘤的CT诊断

笔者报告４例胃平滑肌肉瘤的临床及ＣＴ表现。其中３例经手术病理证实，１例经胃镜活检病理证实。３例ＣＴ明确诊断，１例误诊。本文回顾性阅片并参考有关文献，介绍胃平滑肌肉瘤的影响像诊断，重点讨论其ＣＴ特征、ＣＴ检查限度及鉴别诊等问题，提出了胃部ＣＴ检查能对此病定性诊断并为临床治疗提供可靠的依据。     

南极洲乔治王岛柯林斯冰帽冰芯层位和密度变化的一般特征

柯林斯冰帽两支冰芯层位记录证实了该冰帽主冰穹顶部（海拔约７００ｍ）属暖渗浸带，小冰穹顶部（海拔约２５０ｍ）属渗浸带。雪、冰的层位分布和密度变化包含了一定的测年信息。主冰穹顶冰芯密度－深度曲线在表层呈现韵律性变化，与层位记录中的融化冻结现象相对应，据此粗略划分年层，断定当地年积累雪层厚度为３－３．５ｍ，折合水当量１６５０－１９２５ｋｇ／ｍ２ａ，年平均积累速率约为２．０ｍ／ａ（冰当量）。主冰穹顶成冰深度为３８－３９ｍ，此深度以上密度自上而下缓慢增加，但以下由于含水层的出现，密度迅速升高，在５－６ｍ区间达到９００ｋｇ／ｍ３。小冰穹冰芯除表层外，密度基本在８００－９００ｋｇ／ｍ３之间，冰芯中雪冰互层，存在污化面，４０ｍ以下发现很厚的火山灰沉积物。小冰穹平均年积累率约为０．７ｍ／ａ（冰当量），成冰深度７－８ｍ，成冰年限为１０年左右     

Orbital evolution of Jupiter’s new outer satellites

Data on recently discovered outer satellites of Jupiter are used to analyze their long-period orbital evolution. We determine the extreme eccentricities and inclinations, as well as the circulation periods of the pericenter arguments and of the longitudes of the ascending nodes. The satellite orbital elements are plotted against time. The methods of analysis are identical to those that we used to analyze the orbital evolution of Uranus’s and Saturn’s new outer satellites.