基于Mindlin理论Winkler地基参数的Kalman滤波识别

提出了Winkler地基参数的Kalman滤波识别方法。引入Mindlin理论后,推导了Winkler地基上板的控制微分方程。利用Fourier变换,推求了Winkler地基上简支板的Fourier闭式解。推导了Winkler地基参数的Kalman滤波方程,研究了Winkler地基参数的Kalman滤波识别的具体计算步骤。研究表明,运用Kalman滤波理论进行Winkler地基参数的识别,能有效地估计Winkler地基参数;Winkler地基参数的滤波收敛速度和精度受地基参数初始值选取和位移实测资料的影响,且Kalman滤波理论也可用于其他地基模型地基参数的识别。     

New perspectives on Mars’ crustal magnetic field

The planet Mars lacks, today, a planetary, dynamic magnetic field, but strong, intense, localized magnetic fields of lithospheric origin, one to two orders of magnitude larger than the terrestrial lithospheric field, are present. This lithospheric magnetic field is the result of magnetization processes in the presence of a magnetic dynamo and of demagnetization processes after the dynamo shutdown, such as impact or volcanoes. This crude scenario can be more accurately specified by interpreting global and local models of the current magnetic field of Mars. Some specific areas are studied, including the intensely magnetized Terra Sirenum, as well as the magnetic anomaly associated with Apollinaris Patera. Magnetic minerals could be of primary and/or secondary origin; this latter would imply an early hydration of a basaltic crust. A scenario, in which Mars experienced a major polar wander due to the Tharsis bulge, prior to the cessation of its dynamo, is proposed and discussed.     

A simplified method for simulation of strong ground motion using finite rupture model of the earthquake source

We present a simplified method to simulate strong ground motion for a realistic representation of a finite earthquake source burried in a layered earth. This method is based on the stochastic simulation method of Boore (Boore, D. M., 1983, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 73, 1865–1894) and the Empirical Greens Function (EFG) method of Irikura (Irikura, K., 1986, Proceedings of the 7th Japan Earthquake symposium, pp. 151–156). The rupture responsible for an earthquake is represented by several subfaults. The geometry of subfaults and their number is decided by the similarity relationships. For simulation of ground motion using the stochastic simulation technique we used the shapping window based on the kinetic source model of the rupture plane. The shaping window deepens on the geometry of the earthquake source and the propagation characteristics of the energy released by various subfaults. The division of large fault into small subfaults and the method for accounting their contribution at the surface is identical to the EGF. The shapping window has been modified to take into account the effect of the transmission of energy released form the finite fault at various boundaries of the layered earth model above the source. In the present method we have applied the correction factor to adjust slip time function of small and large earthquakes. The correction factor is used to simulate strong motion records having basic spectral shape of ² source model in broad frequency range. To test this method we have used the strong motion data of the Geiyo earthquake of 24th March 2001, Japan recorded by KiK network. The source of this earthquake is modelled by a simple rectangular rupture of size 24 × 15 km, burried at a depth of 31 km in a multilayered earth model. This rupture plane is divided into 16 rectangular subfaults of size 6.0 × 3.75 km each. Strong motion records at eight selected near-field stations were simulated and compared with the observed records in terms of the acceleration and velocity records and their response spectrum. The comparison confirms the suitability of proposed rupture model responsible for this earthquake and the efficacy of the approach in predicting the strong motion scenario of earthquakes in the subduction zone. Using the same rupture model of the Geiyo earthquake, we compared the simulated records from our and the EGF techniques at one near-field station. The comparison shows that this technique gives records which matches in a wide frequency range and that too from simple and easily accessible parameters of burried rupture.     

A survey of numerical methods for stochastic differential equations

The development of numerical methods for stochastic differential equations has intensified over the past decade. The earliest methods were usually heuristic adaptations of deterministic methods, but were found to have limited accuracy regardless of the order of the original scheme. A stochastic counterpart of the Taylor formula now provides a framework for the systematic investigation of numerical methods for stochastic differential equations. It suggests numerical schemes, which involve multiple stochastic integrals, of higher order of convergence. We shall survey the literature on these and on the earlier schemes in this paper. Our discussion will focus on diffusion processes, but we shall also indicate the extensions needed to handle processes with jump components. In particular, we shall classify the schemes according to strong or weak convergence criteria, depending on whether the approximation of the sample paths or of the probability distribution is of main interest.     

地区场选样洪水计算在西部流域应用分析

为采用地区场选样洪水计算方法分析研究建立了西部祖厉河流域设计洪水计算经验公式,设计计算成果经与皮尔逊三型频率曲线设计计算成果比较分析,计算成果精度较高。由此确定了该流域设计洪水计算相关成果图及查算表,为该流域设计洪水计算提供技术支撑。     

西南极利文斯顿岛中部中生代－新生代火山岩岩石化学研究

出露在利文斯顿岛中部的白垩纪火山岩为玄武岩－玄武安山岩－安山岩－英安岩组合，基本属于钙碱性系列，但具有低钾拉斑玄武岩的某些特点。岩石富集Ｒｂ、Ｔｈ、Ｂａ，轻度亏损Ｚｒ、Ｔｉ、Ｈｆ、Ｎｂ，较强亏损Ｃｒ和Ｎｉ，而且随着岩浆从基性向酸性成分的演化，富集（或亏损）程度加大。岩石的轻稀土元素中度富集，岩石的（Ｃｅ／Ｙｂ）ＣＮ比值较低。白垩纪火山岩形成在一个造山环境，是南设得兰岩浆弧的一部分。然而，在利文斯顿岛不同地区出露的岩石其化学性质有所区别，因此认为它们可能源于不同的岩浆体系。在晚古生代至早中生代，利文斯顿岛中部处于一个独特的浊积扇的构造环境。主要产在利文斯顿岛中部和汉那角的鲍勒斯山组火山岩与其它地点的中生代火山岩相比，无论岩相学特征还是岩石化学性质均有所不同。因此认为它们的产生同时受到太平洋板块的俯冲作用和该地构造位置所控制。史莱夫角的橄榄玄武岩成分中碱高硅低，并且通常表现出高铝的特点，这些性质与百耳斯半岛的玄武岩极为相似。区域上火山活动不断发展，活动中心逐渐向北东迁移，导致粗玄岩岩颈和岩席生成，最后是英云闪长岩的侵入。更新世至现代的依诺特角组橄榄玄武岩以化学成分中的低硅高碱含量区别于中生代火山岩。岩石的高Ｍ值     

利用垂线偏差计算大地水准面中央区效应的改进方法

为提高利用Molodensky公式反演测高大地水准面中央区效应的精度,视中央区为矩形域,将垂线偏差分量表示成双二次多项式插值形式,引入非奇异变换,推导出了大地水准面的计算公式。垂线偏差理论模型下的分析表明本文导出公式误差为零,而传统公式的误差与纬度以及垂线偏差子午分量与卯酉分量之间的比值有关;以中纬度区域分辨率为2'*2'的垂线偏差数据为背景场进行了实际计算,结果表明在反演计算点本身所在的1个网格对大地水准面的贡献时,传统公式与本文导出公式计算结果差值的最大值达数厘米。本文导出公式可为测高大地水准面的高精度反演提供理论依据。     

土层地震反应中软弱夹层对加速度反应谱的影响

为了研究土层地震反应中软弱夹层对加速度反应谱的影响,本文构造了多种包含不同厚度、不同位置软夹层的土层结构,通过国内地震安评通用的ESE软件进行计算、分析。研究结果表明,软夹层的厚度、位置、输入地震动的幅值等对加速度反应谱均有不同程度的影响,上部含有软夹层的土层结构能造成反应谱出现双峰现象,引起加速度反应谱特征周期变大。本文研究结果对软土地区工程抗震设计有一定参考价值。     

东南极普里兹湾NP93－2柱样古地磁结果

（王保贵）（候红明）（汤贤赞）（袁友仁）ＰａｌｅｏｍａｇｎｅｔｉｃｒｅｓｕｌｔｓｏｆＣｏｒｅＮＰ９３－２ｆｒｏｍｔｈｅＰｒｙｄｚＢａｙ，ＥａｓｔｅｒｎＡｎｔａｒｃｔｉｃａ￥ＷａｎｇＢａｏｇｕｉ；ＨｏｕＨｏｎｇｍｉｎｇ；ＴａｎｇＸｉａｎｚａｎａｎｄＹｕ...     

构造带综放工作面支架异常压力机理探讨

针对多个综放采场出现的支架立柱压爆、油缸变形等异常矿压显现,通过对综放采场上覆岩层的运动范围及运动特点、顶板结构动态稳定性的分析,探讨了综放工作面异常压力产生的机理。得出了顶板结构局部铰接失稳（滑落失稳）是造成异常压力主要原因的结论。由于滑落失稳的原因不同,可分为水浸蚀型、地质构造型和顶板失稳型。通过对综放采场支架作用力的分析,给出了计算异常压力的公式。利用顶板结构动态稳定性判断准则,可对异常压力的类型进行判别,从而进一步确定异常压力的计算方法,为采场支架选型和现场控制异常压力提供理论依据。