烟台芝罘黄土剖面末次间冰期沉积物色度特征及其古环境意义

以烟台市的芝罘岛风砂沉积剖面为研究对象,分析色度特征,并结合光释光测年探讨末次间冰期该地区的气候。结果表明：1）色度参数L^*均值为52.13,在整个剖面表现为黄土层L^*高于古土壤层,指示寒冷干燥的气候条件。a^*、b^*、C^*、h^*均值依次为11.18、25.03、27.43和0.421,其值均表现为古土壤层高于黄土层,指示温暖湿润的气候条件。2）各色度参数在剖面垂直方向上呈现峰谷交替的3个旋回,反映该地区末次间冰期的气候变化经历由夏季风占主导,气候暖湿,降水较多（MIS5e：118.5—124.9 ka）→夏季风势力减弱,冬季风增强,气温下降（MIS5d：105.2—118.5 ka）→夏季风影响明显,气候湿热（MIS5c：94.7—105.2 ka）→冬季风增强,气温下降（MIS5b：83.4—94.7 ka）→开始转向暖湿（MIS5a：70.18—83.4 ka）→再转向干冷（MIS4：62.85—70.18 ka）的冷暖震荡。     

末次间冰期以来中国西北部沙漠边缘区夏季风变化初步研究

通过对祁连山东段沙沟河黄土剖面CaCO₃含量、色度代用指标的综合分析,结合¹⁴C和热释光测年结果,揭示出了沙漠边缘区夏季风在末次间冰期(S₁)表现出5次增强时期。从指标曲线上能够反映出千年尺度的气侯变化,与GRIP孔的气候记录有很好的耦合性。这种气候不稳定性可能受控于高纬冰盖的变化,体现出全球气候性特点。在末次冰期,夏季风的反映就弱得多,气候长期表现为干冷,可能由于青藏高原的抬升,以及靠近沙漠边缘区,使夏季风在冰期难以到达,表现出区域性气候特点。     

辽北地区新元古代原殷屯组岩石地层单位的重新划分及其地质意义

本次研究把20世纪八十年代初期完成的辽宁1∶5万大甸子、下肥地和上年马洲幅区调报告中所建立的震旦系殷屯组3个岩性段,即底部砾岩段、中部砂岩段和上部板岩、页岩段,分别厘定为新元古界北方系(南华系)殷屯组、陈千户组和汎河组。并确认出殷屯组为辽宁北方系(南华系)第一次陆相冰碛作用的产物;陈千户组为陆相间冰期沉积的产物;汎河组为辽宁第二次陆相冰湖相堆积的产物。上述组级岩石地层单位的厘定,首次在辽宁北部地区划分出2次冰水堆积物。     

陇西黄土沉积记录反映的末次间冰期以来青藏高原东北部季风的演化过程

对黄土高原西部的陇西盆地中断岘黄土剖面地层中的磁化率、粒度、CaCO3含量和有机碳含量等气候代用指标进行了综合分析。研究表明,青藏高原东北部地区在末次间冰期以来,其冬、夏季风的变化分别经历了多次相对增强的时期;其演化阶段基本可与深海氧同位素曲线(SPEC-MAP)对比,并且与同期的印度洋季风强度变化存在着较高的一致性。由此可以认为,全球冰量变化可能不是控制青藏高原季风演变的决定因素,而其它因素如太阳辐射变化及高原下垫面状况对高原季风演化可能具有更为重要的意义。     

北塬剖面碳酸钙记录的末次间冰期气候不稳定性

最近格陵兰冰芯深孔ＧＲＩＰ揭示末次间冰期气候急剧不稳定、但邻近的另一冰芯ＧＩＳＰ２却表明这一时期气候是稳定的。其结论对将来气候的预测是至关重要的。临夏北塬高分辨率黄土－古土壤连续ＣａＣＯ３记录表明，气候在ＭＩＳ－５ｅ期间曾发生过３次显著的温暖时期和两次明显严寒的急剧大幅度皮动，与格陵兰ＧＲＩＰ孔气候记录一致。     

Last interglacial (MIS 5e) sea-level determined from a tectonically stable,far-field location,Eyre Peninsula,southern Australia

The last interglacial maximum (Marine Isotope Substage 5e [MIS 5e], 128–116 ka) is a distinctive event in recent Earth history. Shoreline successions of this age are important for calibrating climate models and defining the overall behaviour of the crust–mantle system to fluctuating ice and ocean-water volumes. In a global context, the recently intensified interest in last interglacial shoreline successions has revealed considerable variability in the magnitude of sea-level rise during this time interval and highlighted the need to examine paleosea-level evidence from tectonically stable, far-field settings. Situated in the far-field of continental ice sheets and on the tectonically stable Gawler Craton, the 300 km coastal sector of western Eyre Peninsula between Fowlers Bay and Lake Newland in southern Australia represents an important region for defining the glacio-eustatic (ice-equivalent) sea-level attained during the last interglacial maximum based on the relative sea-level observations from this region. Low-energy, shoaling upward, peritidal bioclastic carbonate successions of the last interglacial (locally termed Glanville Formation) formed within back-barrier, estuarine–lagoonal environments in the lee of eolianite barrier complexes (locally termed Bridgewater Formation) along this coastline. The well-preserved shelly successions (coquinas) contain diverse molluscan fossil assemblages including species no longer living in the coastal waters of South Australia (e.g. the Sydney cockle Anadara trapezia and the benthic foraminifer Marginopora vertebralis). The extent of amino acid racemisation (a measure of fossil age based on increasing d/l value) in a range of species, and in particular A. trapezia and Katelysia sp., confirms the time equivalence of the isolated embayment-fill successions, correlated with the informal type section of the Glanville Formation at Dry Creek, north of Adelaide. Preliminary U-series analyses on A. trapezia also suggest a correlation with the last interglacial maximum, but further highlight the complexity in dating fossil molluscs by the U-series method in view of their open-system behaviour. The shelly successions of the Glanville Formation occur at elevations higher than attained by sea-level in the current, Holocene interglacial. A higher sea-level of between 2.1 ± 0.5 and 4 ± 0.5 m above present sea-level is inferred for the last interglacial maximum (MIS 5e) along this coastline based on the elevation of sedimentary successions host to the shallow subtidal–intertidal fossil molluscs Katelysia sp., and Anadara trapezia. The paleosea-level observations place a lower limit on the sea-level attained during the last interglacial maximum and suggest that caution be exercised in the definition of the upper limit of sea-level during this interglacial.     

An environmental snapshot of the Bølling interstadial in Southern Iberia

The Bølling–Allerød interstadial is the closest warm time period to the Holocene. The study of the climate variability during this most recent warm scenario provides a natural record of potential environmental changes related with global temperature variations. Little is known about this interstadial in the Southern Iberian Peninsula. Therefore, the exceptional climatic record of the Otiñar paleo-lake (ca. 14.5–14.0 cal ka BP), provides environmental information about the first part of this interstadial (Bølling) in this key region. Although the studied high-resolution isotopic record point to almost invariant hydrological conditions in the paleo-lake, with little change in the carbon budget and important limestone dissolution, the pollen record shows an increase in forest species that can be interpreted as a warming trend and an increase in humidity during the Bølling in the area. This record is one of the few continental archives that show this climatic trend in Southern Iberia, agreeing with many other regional records from the western Mediterranean. This does not agree with higher latitude records that show an opposite trend. This opposite pattern in precipitation between the western Mediterranean and more northern latitudes could be explained by a persistent and increasing negative NAO mode during the Bølling in this area.     

Changes of water level in the Eemian palaeolake at Imbramowice (SW Poland) based on isotopic and cladoceran data

Isotopic and cladoceran investigations of Eemian (MIS 5e) lake sediments from Imbramowice, SW Poland, allow us to reconstruct the environmental conditions, especially changes of water level and trophic status, during the early and middle Eemian Interglaciation. We analyzed the sediments from 6.5 to 11.0 m depth in a core provided by Mamakowa (1989). The upper 6.5 m had insufficient carbonates and cladoceran contents for analyses. The analyzed section consists of sandy and organic silts at the bottom, followed by gyttja characterized by increasing CaCO₃ content. Measured δ¹⁸O values oscillate from ca. - 9 to - 4‰ and δ¹³C from - 3.5 to above + 6‰. Based on stable isotope analyses of carbonates, we define and characterize eight isotopic horizons (Is). We identify 26 taxa of subfossil Cladocera and seven zones (CLZ) of faunal development. Probably the greatest depth of the lake occurred with pollen zone E2; shallowing then took place. During pollen zones E2-E3, gradual warming is observed and expressed through a positive trend in both δ¹⁸O and δ¹³C values. Pollen zone E4 is characterized by frequent changes of water level. During the Eemian Interglaciation, excluding the initial phase of lake evolution, the lake was meso-eutrophic and eutrophic with high phytoplankton productivity.     

粤东北丘陵区末次间冰期红土的特征与气候环境

地处华南之粤东北丘陵区的蕉岭红土属粉砂质粘土,形成于末次间冰期。红土的细粘粒含量为12.15%～24.64%(平均值18.46%)、Mz为5.91Φ～7.53Φ(6.72Φ)、概率累积曲线和频率曲线分别呈现以"四段式"和"三峰式"构型;主元素氧化物以SiO2、Al2O3、TFe2O3为主,含量依次为50.10%～53.14%(51.36%)、23.07%～24.44%(24.00%)、10.18%～11.40%(10.77%),其它如CaO、Na2O、MgO、K2O的含量均小于1%。这一趋向于细粉砂分布的粒度特征和脱硅富铝化的化学元素特征说明红土形成于较强的风化—淋溶作用下,硅铝系数(3.49～3.86,平均为3.64)指示多数层位属次强度富铝化。其气候环境,以2μm和1μm颗粒的含量、硅铝系数、CIA值为指标,与我国的南亚热带—北热带一些地点的现代赤红土和砖红土作一详细对比后认为蕉岭红土发育在湿热于现今南亚热带,相似于热带北缘的气候环境之下。这一看法与前人有关同期"大熊猫—剑齿象动物群"指示的古生态的研究结果相吻合。由此表明,末次间冰期的粤东北甚至整个华南地区可能都处在类似现今热带北缘的气候环境之下,其时的热带—亚热带界线向北推移了至少3个纬度。