京津冀地区地磁场球冠谐分析

2002年在京津冀地区进行了45个测点的地磁三分量测量,对测量资料进行通化处理,通化时间为2002年5月5日16～18时（世界时）. 通化后的观测均方差分别优于1.5nT（地磁场总强度F）,0.5′(磁偏角D和磁倾角I). 将国际参考地磁场（IGRF2000）作为地磁正常场,建立了京津冀地区地磁异常场的球冠谐模型（BTHASCH）. 球冠极的空间位置坐标为39.5°N和117.0°E,球冠半角为4°. 在模型计算过程中,球冠谐函数的截断阶数分别取为1～10. 经综合比较, 最终采用的截断阶数为5. 建立了京津冀地区参考地磁场的球冠谐模型（BTHGRF）.根据模型,绘制了京津冀地区地磁异常场图(ΔX、ΔY、ΔZ、ΔF、ΔD、ΔI)和京津冀地区地磁图(X、Y、Z、F、D、I).     

俄、蒙、中交界7.9级地震

2003年9月27日19时33分,在俄、蒙、中边界地区发生了Ms7．9地震,新疆阿尔泰地区强烈有感,地震造成经济损失7600万元人民币。文章对此次地震的基本参数、震源机制作了概述,并用遥感资料对地震的构造环境和破裂过程进行了初步分析。     

荣成外海海流特征及影响因素

荣成是我国重要的海产养殖城市,为掌握荣成外海的海流特征,基于2016年1—10月于荣成外海楮岛岬角南侧布放的浮标观测数据,通过谱分析、调和分析等方法,分析了实测流速时间序列剖面及季节变化,分离出该观测点的潮流和余流并进行定性定量分析,探讨了该海域余流的影响因素.结果表明:1)荣成外海浮标观测点流速东西分量总体大于南北分...     

河西内陆河径流对气候变化的响应及其流域适应性水资源管理研究

为探讨河西地区内陆河径流对气候变化的响应, 选取1955-2008年石羊河、黑河和疏勒河的河流流量资料进行计算和分析. 结果表明: 50多年来, 石羊河年径流总体呈明显下降趋势, 黑河呈略有增加趋势, 疏勒河呈明显增加趋势, 地域上呈现愈往西部的河流年径流量增加愈明显. 三大河流进入1990年代后有下降趋势, 进入21世纪均有明显增多趋势. 三大河流径流对气候变化有不同响应, 石羊河流域主要受季风气候影响, 气候变暖, 蒸发加剧, 水分散失量大, 是造成径流减少的主要原因;黑河和疏勒河流域主要受西风带环流影响, 径流增多的重要原因是气候变暖降水明显增多. 为减缓气候变化对流域水资源利用的不利影响, 在分析三大内陆河流量对气候变化响应特征的基础上, 提出了适应性水资源管理的建议. 建议应提高水资源利用效率;改变生产方式, 调整农业种植业结构与布局;加大祁连山自然保护区建设, 搞好水资源可持续利用;积极开发祁连山丰富的空中云水资源、哺育祁连山冰川等流域适应性水资源管理对策, 对流域进行综合治理与开发利用, 这些措施和对策将为流域水资源开发提供科学依据.     

First record of Biecheleria cincta (Dinophyceae) from Chinese coasts, with morphological and molecular characterization of the strains

The presence of Biecheleria cincta (=Woloszynskia cincta) in the Chinese coasts is reported for the first time. In scanning electron microscope, three to five series of vesicles and an elongated apical vesicle (EAV) were visible in the epicone, and both the hypocone and the cingulum had three series of vesicles each. Thin sections revealed that B. cincta possesses stalked pyrenoids and an unusual eyespot consisting of a stack of cisternae with brick-like materials (type E), thus supporting its transfer from Woloszynskia to Biecheleria. Spiny cysts formed spontaneously in culture, with an encystment rate of around 20%. Both large subunit ribosomal DNA (LSU rDNA) and internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) sequences in 12 strains from the Chinese coasts were determined. Phylogenetic analyses based on LSU rDNA and ITS sequences using Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood revealed two distinct ribotypes (referred to as ribotype A and B) in B. cincta. ITS region pairwise distances within B. cincta ranged from 0.024 to 0.072, suggesting the existence of a complex of cryptic species.     

Analyzing land-use change in farming-pastoral transitional region using autologistic model and household survey approach

Land change science （LCS） strives to understand and model land-use change, which will further advance the understanding of multiple issues in the socio-ecological systems. Based on GIS/RS techniques, autologistic model, and household survey method, this study investigated major land use changes and their causes from 1978 to 2008 in Uxin Banner （county-level）, Inner Mongolia in China and then developed an understanding of the relationships between household livelihood and land-use pattern. Results showed that cultivated land increased from 1988 to 2000, and leveled offafter 2000. Built-up land increased stably for the period 1978 2008. The change of grassland and bare land differed among the three periods. From 1978 to 1988, grassland increased by 23.3%, and bare land decreased by 20.48%. From 1988 to 2000, bare land expanded by 1.7%, but grassland declined by 1.3%. From 2000 to 2008, an increase in grassland area by 1.8% was observed, but a decrease in bare land area by 9.0% was witnessed. The autologistic models performed better than logistic models as indicated by lower Akaike Information Criterion （AIC） values. Factors associated with human activities significantly correlated with the change of cultivated land, forest land, grassland, and built-up land. The produce prices and extensive cultivated land use are major issues in the farming area. This study suggests that completing land circulation systems and maintaining the stability of price are effective solutions. By contrast, reclamation and overgrazing are major concerns in the pastoral areas. Implementing environmental policies effectively, transferring population out of rural pastoral areas, and developing modem animal husbandry are effective ways to address these issues.     

气候变暖对新疆乌昌地区棉花种植区划的影响

在对新疆乌昌地区1961-2010年≥10℃积温、最热月（7月）平均气温和无霜期等热量要素时空变化进行分析的基础上,结合北疆棉区区划指标,完成了2004年前、后乌昌地区棉花种植气候区划。并对未来年平均气温升高1～4℃时,棉花种植气候区划的可能变化进行了预估。结果表明：乌昌地区热量资源在空间分布上表现为“平原多,山区少”的格局。1961-2010年≥l0℃积温、最热月平均气温和无霜期分别以每10年52.3℃• d、0.1℃和3.3 d的速率增多（升高、延长）,并分别于1995年、2004年和1987年发生了突变。受其影响,2004年后乌昌地区宜棉区较之前明显扩大,次宜棉区、风险棉区和不宜棉区有不同程度的缩小。未来气候变暖将对乌昌地区棉花种植气候区划产生较大影响,年平均气温每升高1℃,宜棉区面积将扩大6600 km²,次宜棉区和不宜棉区分别缩小2100 km²和4700 km²,风险棉区面积变化不大。     

2008年新疆乌恰6.8级地震序列震源特征及帕米尔东北缘应力场研究

本文使用新疆区域数字地震台站记录的宽频带长周期数字波形资料,在时间域反演了2008年10月5日新疆乌恰6.8级地震的强余震及其周围先后发生的52次中等强度地震的矩张量解,结合Harvard大学在该区域的地震矩张量结果,研究了帕米尔东北缘的应力场分区特征.研究结果显示,位于印度板块向欧亚板块推挤的前缘及向北凸出的弧型构造的最北缘的卡兹克阿尔特弧形活动褶皱-逆断裂带,以逆冲推覆活动为主,并有部分走滑类型的地震,基本不存在正断层类型的地震;该弧型构造近东西走向的顶部(文中的西区)与其北西走向的东侧(文中的东区)的局部应力场最大主压应力方向不同,分别为NW、NNE方向,显示出在承受印度板块向欧亚板块俯冲作用的同时,东区也更多的受到了塔里木块体顺时针旋转作用的影响.位于帕米尔陆内俯冲和变形作用强烈、碰撞造成深源地震带东段的南区,地震以走滑错动为主, 逆断、正断层都有,显示出相对复杂的应力状态.位于帕米尔高原内部的西区和南区的应力场最大主压应力方向一致,由北向南,由最大主压应力轴接近水平,过渡为最大主张应力轴接近水平,一定程度揭示了板块俯冲的状态.结合南区和西区的地震深度差异及机制解中断层面的倾角,推测在中帕米尔的东部,由北向南的板块俯冲至150~170km深度,俯冲角度为60°左右.     

Comparing long term sediment records to current biological quality element data - Implications for bioassessment and management of a eutrophic lake

Defining reference conditions for lakes situated in areas of human settlement and agriculture is rarely straightforward, and is especially difficult within easily eroding and nutrient rich watersheds. We used diatoms, cyanobaterial akinetes, remains of green algae and chironomid head capsules from sediment samples of Lake Kirmanjärvi, Finland, to assess its deviation from the initial ecological status. These site-specific records of change were compared to current type-specific ecological status assessment. All paleolimnological data indicated deviation from natural conditions and mirrored the current, monitoring-based assessment of “moderate” ecological lake status. However, the sediment data showed that the lake should be re-typified as a naturally eutrophic lake. Sediment records as well as current monitoring data indicated temporary improvement in water quality in response to extensive fish manipulation. Our results suggest that paleolimnological records can be used to derive site-specific reference conditions and that extensive restoration efforts can result in gradual, observable improvements of water quality and ecological status.     

云南地区地震动衰减特性的研究

根据发生在云南地区震级大于3.0级的地震资料,采用最小二乘法对该地区的峰值加速度、加速度反应谱、峰值速度、峰值位移、均方根加速度等多个地震动参数进行回归分析。结果表明,该地区的地震动衰减关系的形态与前人的研究基本一致,但水平向差异较大;长周期部分的离散性较大,需进一步收集资料进行研究。