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161.
Ben Goscombe David A. Foster David Gray Ben Wade Antonios Marsellos Jason Titus 《地学前缘(英文版)》2017,8(6):1187-1232
Age calibrated deformation histories established by detailed mapping and dating of key magmatic time markers are correlated across all tectono-metamorphic provinces in the Damara Orogenic System.Correlations across structural belts result in an internally consistent deformation framework with evidence of stress field rotations with similar timing,and switches between different deformation events.Horizontal principle compressive stress rotated clockwise ~180°in total during Kaoko Belt evolution,and~135° during Damara Belt evolution.At most stages,stress field variation is progressive and can be attributed to events within the Damara Orogenic System,caused by changes in relative trajectories of the interacting Rio De La Plata,Congo,and Kalahari Cratons.Kaokoan orogenesis occurred earliest and evolved from collision and obduction at ~590 Ma,involving E-W directed shortening,progressing through different transpressional states with ~45° rotation of the stress field to strike-slip shear under NW-SE shortening at ~550-530 Ma.Damaran orogenesis evolved from collision at ~555-550 Ma with NW-SE directed shortening in common with the Kaoko Belt,and subsequently evolved through ~90°rotation of the stress field to NE-SW shortening at ~512-508 Ma.Both Kaoko and Damara orogenic fronts were operating at the same time,with all three cratons being coaxially convergent during the 550-530 Ma period;Rio De La Plata directed SE against the Congo Craton margin,and both together over-riding the Kalahari Craton margin also towards the SE.Progressive stress field rotation was punctuated by rapid and significant switches at ~530-525 Ma,~508 Ma and ~505 Ma.These three events included:(1)Culmination of main phase orogenesis in the Damara Belt,coinciding with maximum burial and peak metamorphism at 530-525 Ma.This occurred at the same time as termination of transpression and initiation of transtensional reactivation of shear zones in the Kaoko Belt.Principle compressive stress switched from NW-SE to NNW-SSE shortening in both Kaoko and Damara Belts at this time.This marks the start of Congo-Kalahari stress field overwhelming the waning Rio De La Plata-Congo stress field,and from this time forward contraction across the Damara Belt generated the stress field governing subsequent low-strain events in the Kaoko Belt.(2)A sudden switch to E-W directed shortening at ~508 Ma is interpreted as a far-field effect imposed on the Damara Orogenic System,most plausibly from arc obduction along the orogenic margin of Gondwana(Ross-Delamerian Orogen).(3)This imposed stress field established a N-S extension direction exploited by decompression melts,switch to vertical shortening,and triggered gravitational collapse and extension of the thermally weakened hot orogen core at ~505 Ma,producing an extensional metamorphic core complex across the Central Zone. 相似文献
162.
构造动力体制与复合造山作用——兼论三江复合造山带时空演化 总被引:8,自引:31,他引:8
构造动力体制是研究区域大地构造演化和成矿地质环境的基础,而造山带作为全球金属矿产资源集中产出的地带,同时保留了地球地质构造演化最为丰富的记录,因而是用来解剖不同构造动力体制及相关成矿环境和成矿作用的主要对象.板块构造源于大洋,描述和解释的是以水平运动为主导的板块构造导致的大陆边缘增生和大洋板块消失及与其相关的地质现象,其动力学体制称为大洋动力体制;大陆构造描述和解释的主要是大陆内部而不是边缘发生的以垂直运动(壳幔相互作用)为主导的的大陆物质增生和消失及其相关的地质现象,其动力学体制称为大陆动力体制;而洋陆转换则是水平和垂直运动相互耦合、共同作用的动力学体制,描述和解释的是洋陆转换及其相关的地质现象,可以将其称为转换动力体制.不同构造动力体制在全球范围内具有同区转承和异区并存特点.每一种构造动力体制都可以激发造山作用,因此,地球上同时存在着不同类型的造山作用和造山带,可以归结为俯冲造山(带)、碰撞造山(带)、伸展造山(带)和陆内造山(带)等完整反映造山带演化过程的4种类型.复合造山概念科学地描述了全球不同造山带的复杂性.它具有三种涵义,一是不同时期相同或不同类型造山带在空间上的复合(叠置);二是同一造山带在不同地质历史阶段、不同构造动力体制下造山作用的时间复合(叠加);三是同时具有时空复合特征的复合造山带.对三江造山带时空结构的解析表明,它是具有时空复合特征的巨型复合造山带的典型代表. 相似文献
163.
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165.
根据各花岗岩体地质构造特征、有关的热物理参数及主体花岗岩的放射性元素含量,采用简化的立方体数学模型计 算得出:南岭地区8个花岗岩基侵位后,其初始温度降低至结晶温度所需的时间(Δtcol)为3.9(金鸡岭)~5.5 Ma(九峰); 由于结晶潜热释放而使结晶过程延长的时间(ΔtL) 为2.6~3.5 Ma ;花岗岩浆侵位后产生的放射成因热使结晶过程延长的 时间(Δt A)为 5.2(陂头)~45.1 Ma(姑婆山) 。南岭地区 8 个燕山早期花岗岩基的侵位-结晶时差(△t ECTD)为 12.1(陂头) ~52.2 Ma(姑婆山), 结合锆石U-Pb年龄通过反演计算得出其侵位年龄 (tE ) 为194.4 (陂头)~219.3 Ma(九峰)。这为 南岭燕山早期花岗岩基属于印支期侵位提供了重要的岩浆动力学佐证, 揭示出近东西向展布的南岭晚中生代造山带具有印 支期构造格架(以侵位年龄为代表)和燕山早期花岗岩(以锆石 U-Pb 年龄为代表) 的双重特征。 相似文献
166.
MIAO Yu ZHOU Ye ZHOU Jiaxi TIAN Yufeng WU Liang LI Shizhong ZHANG Yaotang WANG Wanneng 《《地质学报》英文版》2022,96(6):1897-1916
Early Paleozoic black organic sediments and bentonites occur widely in the craton basin within the Yangtze block and are generally believed to be genetically related to a specific tectonic setting on the cratonic boundary. However, the intimate relationship between their origins and the dynamic mechanisms are unclear, as exemplified by the genesis of the black shale series and bentonites from the Wufeng Formation during the Ordovician–Silurian transition (OST). In order to reveal the relationship between the Wufeng Formation and the convergence of the Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks (i.e., the intracontinental Kwangsian Orogeny), two stratigraphic sections respectively in Zhaotong area (Northeast Yunnan) and Puyi area (Northwestern Guizhou) that were located in the semi-restricted inner Yangtze Sea during the OST were systematically studied, on the basis of whole-rock geochemical composition, pyrite δ34S (δ34Spy), total organic carbon (TOC), stable Sr isotope, pyrite framboid size distribution and zircon U-Pb age, trace elements. The evidence shows that the paleo-oceanic environment changed significantly at the turn of the early–late Katian and formed the black shale series in the Wufeng Formation. These acritarch assemblages were formed in the transition process of the Upper Yangtze Basin from passive continental margin basin to foreland basin during this interval. Based on previous research on the genetic relationship between black shale series and plate tectonic movement, a basin-mountain evolution model suitable for South China in the Late Ordovician is presented. The two bentonites in the Wufeng Formation with U-Pb ages of 445.5 ± 0.8 Ma and 441.9 ± 2.4 Ma primarily originated from the intermediate–acid volcanic eruption during the collision and convergence between the Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks in the Late Ordovician, the provenance region probably being located in the Jiangnan orogenic belt. Thus, we believe that the appearance of the black shale series and bentonite in the Wufeng Formation at the turn of the early–late Katian may represent the initiation of basin-mountain transformation and the Kwangsian Orogeny in South China, which provides important evidence for the collision and convergence of the Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks in the Late Ordovician. 相似文献
167.
Robert D. Hatcher 《Geological Journal》1983,18(3):255-265
Basement is constituted of rocks which belong to a previous orogenic cycle which have been reactivated and incorporated into a younger cycle. Basement massifs may be classified according to their relative position in an orogen as external or internal massifs. They may also be categorized according to their role in deformation, as thrust-related, fold-related and composite massifs. All Appalachian external massifs were transported following their removal from the overridden edge of the ancient North American continental margin. Most of the internal massifs are also probably transported, but several (Pine Mountain and Sauratown Mountains) may be present as windows exposing parautochthonous basement beneath the main thrust sheet. The latter reside immediately west of the low (west) to high (east) gravity gradient which probably outlines the old edge of Grenvillian crust. Reactivated crustal material generated during early Palaeozoic orogeny plays the same mechanical role in reactivation as basement from the previous Grenville cycle. The domes of the Bronson Hill anticlinorium cored with Ordovician or older gneisses illustrate this behaviour. Basement (Grenville) massifs are distributed throughout the Appalachians as a belt of external massifs (Blue Ridge, Reading Prong, Hudson and Berkshire Highlands, Green Mountains, and Long Range Mountains) along the western edge of the crystalline metamorphic core. Additionally, internal massifs are also present (Pine Mountain belt, Tallulah Falls and Toxaway domes, Sauratown Mountains anticlinorium, State Farm gneiss dome, Baltimore Gneiss domes, Mine Ridge anticline, and Chain Lakes massif). Basement internal massifs probably served to localize thrusts by causing them to ramp over and around the massifs. Their antiformal shape may in part be as much related to thrust mechanics as to folding. 相似文献