三江造山带兰坪盆地东缘火山岩锆石U-Pb年代学、Hf同位素组成

青藏高原东南缘"三江"复合造山带南、北两段发育若干火山-岩浆岩带,随着火山岩年代学、地球化学数据的积累,其时空关系渐趋清晰。但由于中-新生界沉积覆盖,这些火山岩带向南常终止于兰坪盆地附近,致使火山岩时空构架不明。兰坪盆地东部弥沙地区出露盆地基底岩石,由两个构造层组成,上部为碎屑岩及生物碎屑灰岩,下部出现大量火山碎屑物质。含火山岩段出露厚约150m,可分为三个喷发-沉积韵律,由流纹质熔结凝灰岩、晶屑岩屑熔结凝灰岩组成的火山碎屑岩与紫红、灰黑色泥岩、大理岩组成的沉积岩相间组成。火山岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb数据表明,岩浆活动始于或早于258Ma,一直持续到248Ma。锆石原位Lu-Hf分析结果显示,早期岩浆包含较多幔源物质,而晚期岩浆则几乎完全由古老地壳局部熔融形成。本文提供的新数据表明,兰坪盆地东缘火山岩与三江造山带其它地区古特提斯洋俯冲阶段火山岩具有一致的年代学组成、相同的Hf同位素变化规律,可能属于发育在扬子板块西缘之上江达-维西-云县弧火山岩带。     

近20年东洞庭湖冬季水禽栖息地变化研究

利用卫星遥感技术和GIS空间分析功能对1989年、2000年、2013年东洞庭湖的水禽栖息地变化进行了研究。结果表明:1989-2013年水体面积有小幅增长,泥滩地保留率仅24.01%,芦苇滩地和草滩地之间存在相互转化;20年间自然湿地增加明显,其中草滩地演变为芦苇滩地的变化最为突出。1989-2013年适宜栖息地增长率为12.2%,减少率为21.0%,总体呈退化趋势。分析了近20年东洞庭湖湿地变化的原因以及对湿地水禽带来的影响,为东洞庭湖湿地水禽生境保护提供依据。     

A new late glacial to early Holocene palaeobotanical and archaeological record in the Eastern Pre‐Alps: the Palughetto basin (Cansiglio Plateau,Italy)

A late glacial to early Holocene lacustrine and peat succession, rich in conifer remains and including some palaeolithic flint artefacts, has been investigated in the Palughetto intermorainic basin (Venetian Pre‐Alps). The geomorphological and stratigraphical relationships, ¹⁴C dates and pollen analyses allow a reconstruction of the environmental history of the basin and provide significant insights into the reforestation and peopling of the Pre‐Alps. The onset of peat accumulation is dated to 14.4–14.1 kyr cal. BP, coinciding with reforestation at middle altitudes that immediately post‐dates the immigration of Larix decidua and Picea abies subsp. europaea. Plant macrofossils point to the expansion of spruce about 14.3 kyr cal. BP, so far one of the earliest directly dated in the late glacial period of southern Europe. The previous hypothesis of an early Holocene spruce immigration in the Southern Alps from Slovenia needs reconsideration. Organic sedimentation stopped at the end of the Younger Dryas and was followed by the evolution of hydromorphic soils containing lithic artefacts, anthropic structures and wood charcoal. The typological features of the flint implements refer human occupation of the site to the end of the recent Epigravettian. Charcoals yielded dates either consistent with, or younger than, the archaeological chronology, in the early and middle Holocene. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

产于东西伯利亚的玉是发展当地独特石雕艺技的基石

本文研究了东西伯利亚玉矿的开发史。从新石器时代起,东西伯利亚的玉就已成为需求量很大的一种矿物资源。赋存于贝加尔湖区丰富的玉石促进了当地石雕艺技的蓬勃发展。西伯利亚的玉因形成机理迥异而绚丽多彩,该区玉石成因原则上可分为“去超基性岩化型”和“去碳酸岩化型”两种不同类型。东西伯利亚的玉成为重塑当地数千年来文明发展史的标志。文章概述了东西伯利亚的玉在亚洲北部古代社会中和当代科学研究中的重要价值和意义,讨论了该种玉的天然属性对艺术品和工业品制备过程中可能出现的各种问题,展示了东西伯利亚的玉的独特魅力及其与系列化设计工艺品间的差异。     

青藏高原南部洋板块地质重建及科学意义

在复杂碰撞造山带中发现、识别和重建能够揭示从洋中脊形成到海沟俯冲消亡洋陆转换过程的洋板块地层(OPS)单元及岩石组合序列,是大陆动力学研究的重大课题。本文在冈底斯地块南部与雅鲁藏布江结合带东段地区发现和识别出大量洋岛、海山、洋内弧、楔顶盆地、大洋盆地等洋板块地层。通过对该洋板块地层岩石组合序列、产出状态与变形变质特征与形成时代、构造环境等的初步研究,得出如下新的认识:(1)新发现的洋板块地层单元是雅鲁藏布江结合带东段在特提斯洋演化过程俯冲消减而形成增生杂岩带的重要组成部分;(2)在青藏高原南部古特提斯和新特提斯洋同时存在并连续演化;(3)南冈底斯带在中生代具有新特提斯增生楔和增生弧的地质背景,并且该增生楔是冈底斯南缘加厚新生下地壳的重要物质组成部分,对斑岩铜矿的形成起了促进作用。     

"东边道"建设与区域资源环境系统的响应研究

作者回顾了“东边道”建设的历史背景,分析了“东边道”建设可能带来的物流,探讨了“东边道”建设对区域社会经济系统的战略影响。作者强调,“东边道”建设与发展应坚持可持续发展原则,采用绿色通道建设模式。     

Sodium-rich volcanic rocks and their relationships with iron deposits in the Aqishan-Yamansu belt of Eastern Tianshan,NW China

The volcanic rocks hosting the iron deposits in the Aqishan–Yamansu metallogenic belt are sodium-rich.The geochronology,petrography,and geochemistry of minerals and sodium-rich rocks as well as the relationship between these rocks and the iron deposits are studied.Geochemically,the ore-hosting volcanic rocks are sodiumrich(the averages of Na2O and Na2O/K2O are 4.31 wt.%and 8.56,respectively)and belong to the calc-alkaline series.They are enriched in LREEs and LILEs(Ba,U,K,and Sr),but depleted in HFSEs(Nb,Ta,and Ti).SHRIMP zircon U–Pb dating of the crystal tuff in the Aqishan Formation and the dacite in the Tugutu Bulak Formation yields ages of 337.5
2.3 Ma(n?15,MSWD?0.85)and 313.0
3.3 Ma(n?13,MSWD?0.74),respectively,indicating that the sodium-rich volcanic rocks formed from the early–late Carboniferous.Electron microprobe data from plagioclases demonstrate that albites and/or oligoclases were formed in the basic–intermediate–acid volcanic rocks.Two stages of albitization are identified,and the latter is likely attributed to the dissolution of iron in the Aqishan–Yamansu belt.The sodium-rich volcanic rocks probably formed by the interaction between volcanic lava and seawater after volcanoes erupted on the seafloor;meanwhile,the albites formed by element substitution in a low-metamorphic environment.The spatiotemporal coupling relationship between sodium-rich volcanic rocks and iron deposits in the Aqishan–Yamansu belt is favorable.Iron dissolved from the dark minerals of basic–intermediate volcanic rocks through sodium metasomatism is one of the material sources for the iron deposits.     

Late Neoarchean volcanic rocks in the southern Liaoning Terrane and their tectonic implications for the formation of the eastern North China Craton

The late Neoarchean metamorphosed volcanic rocks in the southern Liaoning Terrane (SLT) of the eastern North China Craton (NCC) are mainly composed of amphibolites and felsic gneisses and can be chemically classified as basalt (Group#1), basaltic andesite (Group#2), dacite (Group#3) and rhyodacite (Group#4). LA-ICP-MS zircon U–Th–Pb dating reveals that they formed at ~2.53–2.51 ​Ga. Group#1 samples are characterized by approximately flat chondrite-normalized rare earth element (REE) patterns with low (La/Yb)_N ratios and a narrow range of (Hf/Sm)_N ratios, and their magmatic precursors were generated by partial melting of a depleted mantle wedge weakly metasomatized by subducted slab fluids. Compared to Group#1 samples, Group#2 samples display strongly fractionated REE patterns with higher (La/Yb)_N ratios and more scattered (Hf/Sm)_N ratios, indicative of a depleted mantle wedge that had been intensely metasomatized by slab-derived melts and fluids. Group#3 samples are characterized by high MgO and transition trace element concentrations and fractionated REE patterns, which resemble typical high-Si adakites, and the magmatic precursors were derived from partial melting of a subducted oceanic slab. Group#4 samples have the highest SiO₂ and the lowest MgO and transition trace element contents, and were derived from partial melting of basaltic rocks at lower crust levels. Integrating these tholeiitic to calc-alkaline volcanic rocks with the mass of contemporaneous dioritic-tonalitic-trondhjemitic-granodioritic gneisses, the late Neoarchean volcanic rocks in the SLT were most likely produced in an active continental margin. Furthermore, the affinities in lithological assemblages, metamorphism and tectonic regime among SLT, eastern Hebei to western Liaoning Terrane (EH–WLT), northern Liaoning to southern Jilin Terrane (NL–SJT), Anshan-Benxi continental nucleus (ABN) and Yishui complex (YSC) collectively indicate that an integral and much larger continental block had been formed in the late Neoarchean and the craton-scale lateral accretion was a dominantly geodynamic mechanism in the eastern NCC.     

Late Mesozoic magmatism in the Jiaodong Peninsula,East China:Implications for crust-mantle interactions and lithospheric thinning of the eastern North China Craton

A section from the Linglong gold deposit on the northwestern Jiaodong Peninsula,East China,containing Late Mesozoic magmatic rocks from mafic and intermediate dikes and felsic intrusions,was chosen to investigate the lithospheric evolution of the eastern North China Craton(NCC).Zircon U-Pb data showed that low-Mg adakitic monzogranites and granodiorite intrusions were emplaced during the Late Jurassic(～145 Ma) and late Early Cretaceous(112-107 Ma),respectively;high-Mg adakitic diorite and mafic dikes were also emplaced during the Early Cretaceous at～139 Ma and ～118 Ma,and 125-145 Ma and 115-120 Ma,respectively.The geochemical data,including whole-rock major and trace element compositions and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopes,imply that the mafic dikes originated from the partial melting of a lithospheric mantle metasomatised through hydrous fluids from a subducted oceanic slab.Low-Mg adakitic monzogranites and granodiorite intrusions originated from the partial melting of the thickened lower crust of the NCC,while high-Mg adakitic diorite dikes originated from the mixing of mafic and felsic melts.Late Mesozoic magmatism showed that lithosphere-derived melts showed a similar source depth and that crust-derived felsic melts originated from the continuously thickened lower crust of the Jiaodong Peninsula from the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous.We infer that the lower crust of the eastern NCC was thickened through compression and subduction of the Palaeo-Pacific plate beneath the NCC during the Middle Jurassic.Slab rollback of the plate from ～160 Ma resulted in lithospheric thinning and accompanied Late Mesozoic magmatism.