新疆西准噶尔接特布调A型花岗岩年代学、地球化学及岩石成因

西准噶尔乃至整个北疆地区广泛发育晚古生代后碰撞花岗岩类。接特布调岩体作为一个典型的代表, 岩石类型主要有中粗粒二长花岗岩和正长花岗岩, 是认识西准噶尔花岗岩岩石成因及构造-岩浆演化的关键。本文对接特布调岩体进行高精度锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb测年, 获得二长花岗岩和正长花岗岩的加权平均206Pb/238U年龄分别为(287±9) Ma(n=10, MSWD=0.92)和(278±3) Ma(n=14, MSWD=0.43), 确定其形成于早二叠世, 属于300 Ma前后准噶尔周边地区后碰撞岩浆活动的产物。岩石地球化学研究表明, 前人认为的接特布调I型花岗岩应归属于A型花岗岩。正长花岗岩具有高硅(SiO2: 76.11%~76.82%), 富碱(Na2O+K2O: 8.47%~8.49%), 低钛(TiO2: 0.04%~0.05%), 贫钙(CaO: 0.36%~0.42%)的特征。二长花岗岩与其类似, 高硅(SiO2: 68.35%~71.80%), 富碱(Na2O+K2O: 6.80%~7.86%), 低钛和钙(TiO2: 0.29%~0.82%, CaO: 1.76%~2.87%), 均属于准铝质或弱过铝质(ACNK: 0.98~1.09)高钾钙碱性系列。正长花岗岩相对于二长花岗岩具有相对较低的稀土元素总量(ΣREE)(分别为23.8×10-6~49.3×10-6, 95.23×10-6~222.2×10-6), 并具有明显的负Eu异常(Eu/Eu*分别为0.01~0.02, 0.57~0.72), 另外, 正长花岗岩相对二长花岗岩明显地富集大离子亲石元素(Rb、Th、K)及高场强元素(Zr、Hf、Nb), 而强烈亏损Ba、Sr、Eu、Ti等, 具有较高的10000Ga/Al比值(>2.44)。依据微量元素比值及相关判别图, 可将接特布调花岗岩体进一步细分为A1型和A2型。接特布调岩体就位于后碰撞环境, 来源于由年轻的地幔来源物质组成的下地壳。在后碰撞岩浆活动的初期, 年轻的下地壳部分熔融形成具有岛弧印迹的A2型二长花岗岩岩浆, 随着岩石圈进一步伸展, 可能在局部出现类似裂谷的环境, 即形成显示裂谷特征的A1型正长花岗岩岩浆。     

新疆东准噶尔卡拉麦里构造带多期变形和金叠加成矿

卡拉麦里韧-脆性剪切构造带形成于华力西中晚期,分属碰撞造山挤压和伸展造山走滑-伸展2个构造变形期,历经逆冲推覆、左行走滑、右行走滑和伸展4个主要演化阶段,金成矿空间上分布于碰撞期逆冲推覆型韧性剪切带中,成矿发生在转换造山及伸展造山时期,属C2-P(290～260Ma)走滑伸展阶段成矿事件。构造变形对金成矿的控制作用在空间上表现为深部构造层次韧性变形与其之上的中浅构造层次的韧脆性和脆性变形存在地质间断,金成矿与韧脆性、脆性变形同步且与韧性变形呈明显叠加复合关系,赋矿韧脆性和脆性构造统一于右行走滑剪切-伸展成矿体系中,具有不同的构造变形层次、变形特征和矿化特征。构造与金成矿空间叠加关系,有相应的两期成矿年龄响应和多阶段、多物质复合成矿的记录,代表一种时间有早晚、空间有重叠、物质来源多成因的叠加复合成矿关系。构造带韧-脆性变形转换与金成矿活动是区域构造背景发生明显转换过程中的多期变形和叠加成矿的形成机制,(成矿)动力学背景分别代表了碰撞造山期的逆冲推覆韧性变形、碰撞造山-伸展造山转变期的右行走滑韧脆性变形和金初始成矿、伸展造山期的脆性变形和金主成矿活动。与周围地质体的时间、物质关系探讨表明,金成矿受火山质围岩矿源层、构造生成演化及华力西晚期碱性花岗质岩浆侵位活动三大因素控制。     

前陆盆地异常流体压力: 地质作用及其增压效率

在前陆盆地形成过程中,强烈挤压构造应力场和特殊的盆-山关系造成极为复杂的沉积环境和构造形变,多种地质作用都可能对地层内异常流体压力的产生及演化起到十分重要的作用。通过对准噶尔盆地南缘地区中段的地质条件及压力分布的分析,利用数值盆地模型方法,模拟分析了在前陆盆地构造挤压和盆地沉降过程中压实作用、断裂开启、褶皱、剥蚀等地质过程对流体压力的作用和影响,定量讨论了压力异常的成因机制及其效率。模拟分析结果表明,构造应力在水平方向上派生的侧向压实作用、强烈的褶皱作用及伴随的快速沉积-剥蚀作用等是前陆盆地中特有的增压作用,都可造成较高压力异常。准噶尔盆地南缘中新生界地层中广泛分布的高异常压力是新生代以来,特别是第四纪以来,在快速的压实作用、构造挤压作用所形成的高地层压力背景下,叠加了近期因断裂活动和背斜构造快速形成所引起的他源高压而形成的。     

Geology of coal bearing Palaeogene sediments,onshore Torquay Basin,Victoria

New mapping at Anglesea coal mine, and coal resource and deep groundwater drilling have provided new perspectives on the economically important Eastern View Group coal bearing sedimentary succession in the onshore Torquay Basin. In the Anglesea Syncline, the upper 35 m thick brown coal seam of the Eastern View Group is overlain by a low angle unconformity. Units overlying the coal seams include high energy, cross cutting sand channels of the Boonah Formation and lower energy channel and interchannel systems of the overlying Salt Creek and Anglesea Formations. The mine section can be correlated from borehole data with the Eastern View Group and Demons Bluff Group exposed in coastal cliff sections along the adjacent Anglesea to Torquay coast. Recently drilled coal and groundwater exploration bores provide new data on the extent of the coal measures in the Anglesea area, and details of the underlying Tertiary succession that include typical Otway Basin units such as the Pember Mudstone and Pebble Point Formations. The stratigraphy below the coal measures suggests that the Otway Ranges were not present during Palaeogene times. The rank of the brown coals on and around the Otway Ranges is higher than any other Tertiary coals in onshore Victoria, and they preserve similar patterns of rank distribution to the high rank black coals in the underlying Lower Cretaceous Otway Group. Evidence for large overburden thicknesses is lacking, and the high ranks may have been augmented by higher than normal geothermal gradients in the Early Tertiary. Comparisons between the observed depositional cycles, sequence stratigraphic cycles, and worldwide coastal onlap curves suggest that the observed disconformity boundaries are sequence boundaries that provide a chronostratigraphic framework. Sequences present may include TB4.1–4.5 in the overburden units, and TB 2.4–3.6 in the coal bearing interval.     

A preliminary note on kimberlite occurrences in South Australia

Dykes and plugs of micaceous kimberlite are found within an area centred 25 kilometres east‐southeast of the town of Terowie in South Australia.     

Corrigendum: Geological setting and origin of fuchsite‐bearing rocks near Menzies,Western Australia

Quartz‐andalusite‐fuchsite rocks in an Archaean greenstone belt at Menzies, Western Australia, are described in their geological setting. They are shown to have developed from intense metasomatism of layered rocks of komatiitic composition. Ratios of the immobile components Al₂O₃, TiO₂, Cr, V and Zr are consistent, despite wide variations in their absolute values, and compare closely with those of an underlying komatiite suite. Marked depletion of Ca, Na, Mg and Fe has led to a strongly peraluminous composition and enhanced Cr values. Silicification and introduction of K has also occurred. Most of the metasomatism took place before peak metamorphism, and the mineral assemblage is now dominated by andalusite, fuchsite, and recrystallized quartz. Schlieren or vein‐like segregations rich in andalusite, chromite, rutile and minor sulphides and tourmaline are interpreted as the original fluid pathways, where concentration of immobiles was achieved through solution of mobile components, and volume loss. They have been termed residual veins. Metasomatism is believed to have taken place by synvolcanic processes analogous to those operating in modern hot spring systems. The rocks were severely modified by metamorphism and tectonism. The fuchsitic rocks at Menzies are compared to similar rocks in other areas.     

Geochronological and Geochemical Constrains on Petrogenesis of the Jietebutiao A-type Granite in West Junggar,Xinjiang

Late Paleozoic post-collisional granitoids are widespread in West Junggar,as well as northern Xinjiang.As a representative of those intrusions,the Jietebutiao granite occurs in the southwestern margin of the West Junggar（northwest China）,and is mainly composed of mid-coarsegrained monzogranite and syenogranite.In the present study,we report the results of high-precision zircon laser-ablation-inductively-coupled plasma mass-spectrometry U-Pb dating on the Jietebutiao granite for the first time,and yield weighted mean ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U ages of 287±9 Ma and 278±3 Ma for monzogranite and syenogranite,respectively.The Jietebutiao granite has a pronounced A-type affinity;it is metaluminous to slightly peraluminous;has a high-K calc-alkaline composition;high concentrations of Na₂O + K₂O,varying from 6.8 to 8.5 wt%;high FeOt/MgO;10 000a/Al ratios,a low CaO,MgO,and TiO₂ content;enriched in some large ion lithophile elements（LILE,such as Rb and Th） and high field strength elements（HFSE,such as Zr,Hf,and Y）;and depleted in Sr,Ba,and Ti.In addition,the granite has a relatively high rare earth element（REE） content（except for Eu）, with significant negative Eu anomalies（Eu/Eu^* = 0.01-0.72）,and showing slight tetrad REE patterns and non-charge and radius controlled（CHARAC） trace element behavior.Petrographic,geochemical, and geochronological data suggest that the parental magma of Jietebutiao intrusions are of mixed origin,and are most probably formed by the interaction between the lower crust- and mantle-derived magmas in the Early Permian post-collisional tectonic setting.The basaltic magmas underplated and interacted with the lower crust that was dominated by deeply buried arc（and back-arc basin） series and the oceanic crust formed in the Paleozoic,and then triggered the partial melting of the juvenile lower crust,producing voluminous granitic melts and forming the Jietebutiao A₂-typc monzogranites, with the lithospheric mantle progressively thinning and rifting to form A₁-type granites,such as syenogranites,in the Jietebutiao pluton.This further proves the important contribution of Late Paleozoic granitic magmatism in terms of vertical crustal growth in northern Xinjiang.     

Kinematics and geochronology of Early Cretaceous thrusting in the northwestern paleozoic of Graz (Eastern Alps)

Abstract

The multiply deformed Upper Austro-Alpine nappe pile of the Graz area is built up of low-grade metamorphosed Paleozoic rocks which are discordantly overlain by sediments of Santonian (Late Cretaceous) age (“Gosau” formation). Slices of Permo-Mesozoic rocks are absent. Analyses of structures, microfabrics, strain and shear directions were used to decipher the kinematic history; geochronological investigations to date the age of thrusting. K/Ar and Rb/Sr ages of synkinematically grown mica suggest an eo-Alpine (Early Cretaceous) age for the major deformation D1. D1 is characterized by non-coaxial rock flow which caused SW- to W directed nappe imbrication. Incremental strain measurements indicate the progressive superposition of D2 over Dl. In the higher nappe (Rannach Nappe) nappe imbrication continued during D2 changing the direction of nappe transport from SW to NW. Enhanced flattening strain in the deeper nappe (Schöckel Nappe) led to recumbent folds in all scales during D2. This study emphasized two interpretations : (1) The Alpine deformation in the Upper Austro-Alpine nappe pile of the Paleozoic of Graz started in the Earliest Cretaceous (about 125 Ma.). (2) The emplacement of nappes followed a curved translation path in the studied area.     

Fast Variscan anticlockwise P-T-t path in the Eastern Alps: evidence from metasedimentary rocks and metamorphic veins of the Silvretta thrust sheet

Abstract

In the South-Western part of the Silvretta thrust sheet (Pischa area), metasedimentary rocks and metaso-matie veins show evidence of a Variscan anticlockwise P-T-t path, which differs from previously proposed P-T-t paths in the pre-Mesozoic basements of the Alps. The prograde path corresponds to a HT-LP metamorphism illustrated by sillimanite blastesis after andalusite. Maximum temperature (ca. 550 °C) is constrained by the stability of staurolite and muscovite. After temperature climax, pressure increased quasi-isothermally to P max of ca. 0.5–0.6 GPa. P max is limited by phase relations and fluid inclusion data. The prograde path is characterized by the development of an S2 schistosity and mineral lineation L2 oriented E-W, and by the formation of a first generation of quartz-andalusite veins (type 2 quartz veins) parallel to the S2. The decompression path ends in the stability field of andalusite and is characterized by extensional structures such as symmetric and asymmetric foliation boudinage showing a stretching direction still oriented E-W. The extensional structures also result in the formation of quartz-andalusite-muscovite aggregates. Shear bands affecting both metapelites and type 1 and 2 quartz veins indicate a top to the W-SW sense of shear. The last generation of quartz-andalusite veins (type 3) strikes N-S and vertically cross cuts the foliation. Phase relations suggest that the Silvretta thrust sheet underwent an anticlockwise P-T path, probably a result of magmatism and/or nappe emplacement. The prograde part of this P-T loop developed between 320 and 300 Ma, and cooling already occurred at ca. 300 Ma. Therefore, the Variscan cycle was fast in this part of the Alps.     

辽东地区新太古代变质深成岩岩石化学特征及构造背景

辽东地区新太古代构成了华北陆块重要结晶基底.以辽吉古元古代裂谷为界,分为南北两个微陆块.北部微陆块由新太古代付家堡子片麻杂岩（U-Pb法2730 Ma）、虎庄片麻岩（U-Pb法2524.85 Ma）、连山关花岗岩（U-Pb法2563 Ma）组成,南部微陆块由得胜片麻杂岩（U-Pb法2519 Ma）组成.北部微陆块岩石地球化学显示钾玄岩系列-钠质钙碱系列,正铕异常-负铕异常轻稀土富集型特征.岩浆演化由钠质钙碱系列→钾质钙碱系列.源区性质为地壳深熔,相当于变质泥岩、变质杂砂岩部分熔融.构造背景为活动大陆边缘,由造山早期构造拉张环境上侵就位（付家堡子片麻杂岩）→造山主期（虎庄片麻岩）和造山晚期（连山关花岗岩）挤压环境同构造上侵就位.地壳演化由造山早期拉张→主造山挤压.南部微陆块岩石地球化学显示高铝、镁特征,与埃达克岩相近,稀土总量低,属负铕异常轻稀土富集型.岩浆具钠质演化趋势.源区性质具板片俯冲重熔特征,相当基性岩部分融熔,为板片俯冲构造背景.南部微陆块埃达克岩存在,暗示2500 Ma年前后,南部微陆块向北俯冲,形成辽东地区太古宙统一大陆.