Sm-Nd isotope systematics in garnet from different lithologies (Eastern Alps): age results, and an evaluation of potential problems for garnet Sm-Nd chronometry [Chem. Geol. 185 (2002) 255-281]

Interpretation of Sm-Nd garnet ages is frequently impaired by one of the following restrictions: (a) high-LREE inclusions, (b) isotopic disequilibrium, and (c) the uncertainty about the closure temperature. These issues are addressed by way of an evaluation of garnet Sm-Nd data from different rock types of the Austroalpine basement units, Eastern Alps, including metabasic eclogites, mica schist and paragneiss, metapegmatite and metagranite.Nd concentration in handpicked garnet varies between 0.021 and 23.1 ppm in metabasites, 0.49 and 17.4 ppm in metapelites and between 0.024 and 4.6 ppm in metapegmatites and metagranites. The overall range of ¹⁴⁷Sm/¹⁴⁴Nd is 0.15-2.5 in garnet from metabasites, 0.12-3.03 in metapelite garnet and 0.66-7.21 in Mn-rich garnet from metapegmatites and metagranites. A clear negative correlation between Nd concentration and Sm/Nd is observed in garnets from all these lithologies. Therefrom, it is concluded that even optically “clean” garnet separates may contain high-LREE microinclusions, such as epidote-allanite, zoisite, apatite, sphene, monazite or zircon. However, very low Nd concentrations correlated with low Sm/Nd as well as high Nd concentrations (>5 ppm) correlated with fairly high Sm/Nd ratios (0.8) have also been observed. Apart from replicate analyses within as well as between samples with a common PT-history, leaching experiments are a useful technique to elucidate any distorting influence of unequilibrated inclusions on the garnet age, especially if the observed Sm/Nd ratio is low (<0.5). Leaching of garnet separates with HCl (2.5, 5.8 M) produces no obvious element fractionation, but may improve Sm/Nd, and hence age precision, considerably. Isotopic disequilibrium between garnet and other matrix minerals is observed preferentially in basic eclogites, derived from gabbroic precursors.Sm-Nd garnet analysis allows the recognition of several distinct garnet-forming events in the Eastern Alps.(a) A Variscan high-P event is documented in metabasites from the northern-central Ötztal basement around 360-350 Ma, whereas garnet from sillimanite-bearing gneisses dates the Variscan thermal peak in the western part of the same subunit around 345-330 Ma.(b) A long-lived, Permian to Triassic event (285-225 Ma), correlated with crustal extension and low-P metamorphism, is documented by spessartine-rich garnet from metapegmatites as well as almandine-rich garnet cores from mica schist.(c) Age data of garnet from eo-Alpine (Cretaceous) deeply subducted rocks of the southern/eastern Austroalpine units are related to near-peak PT, eclogite- to amphibolite-facies metamorphic conditions (peak: 2 GPa/685 °C), and/or incipient isothermal decompression, due to fast, tectonically driven exhumation (110/100-85 Ma). At cooling rates of 20-30 °C/Ma (exhumation rates: 3-5 km/Ma), the Sm-Nd closure temperature (T_c) for mm-sized garnet in these rocks is estimated at 650-680 °C.     

南岭东段麻粒岩相变质岩的发现及其地质意义

本文报道了在南岭东段闽西南中元古代桃溪组变质岩中发现的麻粒岩相变质岩。其矿物组合和化学成分显示这些变质岩的原岩是沉积岩。成岩格子和温压计算限定它们的峰期变质作用发生在750-880℃和1．1GPa的高温高压条件下，表明这些表壳岩由于构造作用曾经成为下地壳的物质组成，并经历了麻粒岩相变质作用。等温降压的P-T-t轨迹指示它们很可能是在中生代伸展构造背景下快速抬升到浅部。这些麻粒岩的成分显然与东南沿海地区发现的基性麻粒岩捕虏体的不同，暗示这两地区下地壳的物质组成可能存在差异，也许这就是造成两个地区花岗岩类型不同的最主要原因。     

初论华北东部中生代金成矿的地球动力学背景——以胶东金矿为例

山东金矿研究的最新成果表明 ,胶东众多金矿床 (无论矿化类型、产出空间、地质背景的不同)的成矿时代主要集中在 1 1 5± 1 5Ma(早白垩世 )前后这一狭短的时段内 ,暗示它们都受某一次统一的重大地质事件的制约 .金矿石中碳酸盐矿物的碳氧同位素组成显示成矿流体中的CO2 很可能来自深部 (岩石圈地幔甚或更深 ) .1 1 5± 1 5Ma(早白垩世 )前后正是华北东部中生代动力学体制转折的关键时段 ,此时古太平洋板块向欧亚大陆斜向快速俯冲、华北东部岩石圈剧烈减薄、郯庐断裂发生强烈左行走滑、区域构造应力场转变为强烈引张、火山 -岩浆活动也最为强烈、尤其是深源(幔源 )岩浆活动最为强烈 .同时 ,这也与部分学者提出的超级地幔柱的高潮时段 (1 2 5～ 1 0 0Ma)相吻合 ,暗示可能有深部物质 (不仅是上地幔物质 ,还可能包括下地幔物质 )和热能的大规模强烈上涌 .因此 ,胶东金矿 (以及华北东部的许多其它金矿床 )的形成有可能是 1 1 5± 1 5Ma前后华北东部动力学体制转折过程中一次大规模的深部物质和深部能量上涌的结果     

Permo-Triassic paleogeographic, paleoclimatic and paleoceanographic evolutions in eastern Tethys and their coupling

Based on reconstructions of paleogeography, paleoclimate and paleoceanography of the Chihsian, Wujiapingian, Anisian and Norian intervals in the eastern Tethys, the multiple intrinsic relationship and interaction among the lithosphere, the hydrosphere and the atmosphere as well as their evolutions are discussed. It was demonstrated that paleogeographic change of the eastern Tethys and the northward shift of the Pangea during the Permo-Triassic periods governed the coeval paleocurrent pattern and its evolution, which in turn seems to be a key contributor forcing the Permo-Triassic megamonsoon to the climax.     

试论胶东花岗岩—绿岩地体剪切带超大型金矿

从产出地层、构造和岩浆岩的特点，论证胶东地区的金矿为花岗岩－绿岩地体剪切带超大型金矿。     

冀东峪耳崖和牛心山花岗岩体SHRIMP锆石U-Pb定年及其意义

侵入冀东马兰峪复背斜的前寒武岩层中的花岗岩体与区内金矿床有密切的空间关系 ,但成岩时代有争议 ,与金矿床的成因关系不明。本文采用SHRIMP定年方法对含有金矿床的峪耳岩和牛心山岩体进行了锆石U Pb年龄测定 ,获峪耳崖岩体灰白色花岗岩的2 0 6Pb 2 3 8U年龄 175± 1Ma ,肉红色花岗岩的年龄为 174± 3Ma ;牛心山花岗岩的年龄为 172± 2Ma。这 3个年龄在误差范围内可看成是同时代的产物 ,属中生代燕山期。这组年龄限定了金矿化年龄的下限 ,表明金矿化发生在中生代燕山中期后 ,但并不能精确厘定金矿化的年龄 ,因为花岗岩侵入后 ,金矿化之前 ,还有脉岩侵入 ,金矿化与花岗岩本身并无直接的成因关系。     

东喜马拉雅缺口的地质与地貌成因

东喜马拉雅缺口位于西藏东南部米林地区,平均海拔高度只有4500m,远远低于喜马拉雅山其它地段。我们的研究揭示,它的形成是由一条规模很大的,称之为米林韧性正断层的活动造成的。断层带的宽度至少有20km,大体倾向西,主要由眼球状糜棱岩组成,岩石中的拉伸线理以及眼球旋转的方式表明位于其东西两侧的高喜马拉雅深变质岩系和特提斯喜马拉雅中浅变质岩系之间发生过大规模的拆离运动,导致了东喜马拉雅构造结的最高峰——南迦巴瓦(7756m)的早期抬升以及特提斯喜马拉雅的重力垮塌。该断裂的南西端和藏南拆离系(STDS)相交,因此,它很可能是藏南拆离系的东翼断裂,同样形成于中新世。拆离构造的发生表明喜马拉雅山在中新世发生南北向构造缩短的同时还伴随着近东西向的拉伸。米林断裂的北东端和派区断裂相接。后者在中新世呈左旋剪切,构成东喜马拉雅挤入构造的西边界。米林断裂和上述两个断裂的衔接关系表明该断裂是一个协调高喜马拉雅和特提斯喜马拉雅之间斜向拆离运动的转换断层。     

东天山红柳河地区海西期花岗岩的岩石学、地球化学及其构造环境

东天山红柳河地区分布着大量的海西期花岗岩体，从早到晚，依次为河西站岩体、红柳河岩体、河西岩体和天湖岩体，主要岩石类型为花岗闪长岩、二长花岗岩和斜长花岗岩，河西站和红柳河花岗岩的岩相学和地球化学具有S型花岗岩的特征，而河西岩体和天湖岩体显示出I型花岗岩特征，河西花岗岩微量元素含量最低，具Eu弱正异常，类似于adakite岩地球化学特点；其他花岗岩微量元素含量高，具Eu负异常，与洋脊花岗岩相比，该区花岗岩不同程度地富集K2O、Rb、Ba、Th和Ce，亏损Ta、Nb、Zr、Hf、Y、Yb等，河西花岗岩、河西站和红柳河花岗岩、天湖花岗岩分别具有火山弧、同碰撞才碰撞后花岗岩特点，河西花岗岩和其他花岗岩分别起源于先前存在的大洋拉斑玄武岩残片和古老地壳岩石的部分熔融，这些花岗岩均形成于陆内造山环境，与东天山海西晚期地壳-岩石圈的挤压和伸展作用有关。     

青海乌兰县托莫尔日特金矿区稳定同位素特征及其地质意义

根据矿石及岩石S、H、O、Sr同位素组成，对青海省乌兰县托莫尔日特地区金矿床成矿物质来源及其成因进行了研究。结果表明，赋矿花岗质岩石（主要为斜长花岗岩和闪长岩）是深源成因的（幔源或壳幔混合型），成矿物质主要来源于深部，而成矿热液主要来自周围的深源花岗质岩石，其性质为混合热液（来源于岩浆热液＋大气降水），特别是在近地表处，有更多的大气降水参与成矿。矿区内部分矿带的赋矿层位虽有所不同，但它们的稳定同位素特征去很相似，表明它们具有相同或相似的成因及成矿物质来源。     

东秦岭基底组成与构造区划分

从基本地质组成上，东秦岭构造基底可划分为华北，北秦岭、佛坪、白水江，汉南和武当六大地体，不同地体的基底组成有明显差异，它们先后于中－晚元古在不同时间段，通过不同的方式而拼合为统一的华夏泛大陆，从而完成东秦岭从原始地壳生长到典型板块构造体制上的转换，是全球Rodinia事件在本区的具体表现。