地壳平均丰度最小值法——成矿省成矿元素区域背景值的简易计算方法

本文在Ａｇｔｅｒｂｅｒｇ和Ｄｉｖｉ（１９７８）的地壳丰度地质统计模型（ＣｒｕｓｔａｌＡｂｕｎｄａｎｃｅＧｅｏｓｔａｓｔｉｃｓ,简称ＣＡＧ）的基础上,提出了一种成矿省成矿元素区域背景值下限的简易计算方法。在区域背景值未知的情况下,根据成矿省某成矿元素的截切品位和金属量,可由此法计算出其地壳平均丰度最小值,以此作为成矿省中该元素区域背景值。将这一方法运用于华南Ｓｂ成矿省所得Ｓｂ元素区域背景值与通过区域地球化学方法得到的华南地区Ｓｂ的地壳平均丰度值相近,这充分说明这种地壳平均丰度最小值法的可靠性。     

江西东乡中生代火山岩区金的成矿远景分析——以虎圩金矿及其外围为例

江西东乡火山岩地区,金矿成矿条件有利,除产有虎圩金矿床外,其南侧外围地区还发育有银丰源,欧家等多处金矿点,成因皆属与中生代燕山期火山－次火山岩浆活动有关的中－低温热液型。研究表明,无论是虎圩矿区还是其外围地区均有良好的找矿远景,并进一步指明了今后找矿方向。     

东海陆架全新统高分辨率层序地层学研究

在高分辨率１４Ｃ测年、岩石、生物、化学、同位素、气候及磁性地层学研究成果基础上,通过不同沉积背景典型钻孔的沉积学分析,运用层序地层学理论,对东海陆架全新统进行了高分辨率层序划分及对比;建立了全新世层序地层格架及海平面变化过程;提出了相应的层序成因模式。研究结果表明,东海陆架全新统相当于一个发育中的六级（１～１０ｋａ）层序,可进一步划分为３个七级（０．１～１ｋａ）层序和若干个更次级层序。代表１个六级或３个七级周期相对海平面变化过程中叠加有若干更次级的海平面波动,它们与地球旋回谱系中的太阳带、历法带密切相关。七级层序具有与三级层序相近的内部构型和成因格架。在东海陆架全新世沉积演化过程中,长江三角州至少有３次不同程度地越过东海陆架进入冲绳海槽,并滞留有至少３层海侵改造“残积砂”沉积。在东海陆架全新世海平面变化期间,最大海平面时期为约距今６～５ｋａ,大致高于现今海平面２～４ｍ,最低海平面在距今１０ｋａ左右,大约低于现今海平面１３０ｍ。目前,由于温室效应的影响,海平面仍呈小幅度波浪式上升。事实证明,层序地层学不仅丰富了现代海洋沉积学的内容,而且解决了许多海洋沉积学未能解决的问题。     

Mesozoic Granitoid Types and Metallogeny of the East China Circum-Pacific Continental Margin

Abstract: This paper synthesizes the geotectonic background, genetic types and metallogenetic relations of the Mesozoic granitoids in the East China continental margin. By the Mesozoic, the Siberia Plate, North China Plate and South China Plate amalgamated together, resulting in formation of a unified Eurasia super–continent. Since the late Triassic to early Jurassic period, the territory of East China gradually became a Cordilleran style active continental margin. During the Jurassic to early Cretaceous (early to middle episodes of Yanshanian orogeny), the Paleo-Pacific plate strongly collided with and subducted under the Eurasia continent, reactivated the consolidated East China continental margin. The granitoids of both transformation series and syntexis series were generated. Many granitoid-related large and giant metal deposits were formed. Furthermore, the W, Sn, Be, Nb, Ta and U mineralizations are mostly associated with the transformation series; while the Fe, Cu, Mo and Au mineralizations are mostly associated with the syntexis series. The late Yanshanian orogeny (late Cretaceous) began a transition to the western Pacific style continental margin. A tensional environment resulted in development of alkaline granitoids and formation of continental red basins. The Cenozoic orogeny was characterized by a backarc spreading and rifting regime in this region.     

Heat flow map of the European part of the U.S.S.R.

A heat flow isoline map is presented. Low and relatively constant heat flow has been observed in the old shield areas of the East European Platform (25–40 mW/m²). Increased heat flow (>50 mW/m²) has been found in the Dniepr-Donetz depression. The area south of the East European Platform is characterized by highly variable heat flow (55–100 mW/m²). Some geophysical implications are discussed.     

1873—1996年东亚冬,夏季风强度指数及其主要特征

用１８７３￣１９９６年／１９９７年资料,延长计算了东亚冬夏季风强度指数,研究了指数的年际及年代际变化的主要特征。指出该指数与我国的冬、夏季天气的年际变化、年代际变化关系密切。还指出,该指数与印度季风强度正相关,并且能解释季风的准两年振荡。     

区域气候模式侧边界的处理对东亚夏季风降水模拟的影响

在区域气候模式模拟中,侧边界的作用是引入大尺度强迫场。如何处理好侧边界,即大尺度强迫场和区域气候模式本身之间的关系问题,对于区域气候模式模拟和预报东亚夏季风降水具有重要意义。本文利用美国纽约州立大学Albany分校的区域气候模式（SUNYA-ReCM）,设计了两种不同的侧边界处理方法,来探讨侧边界对东亚夏季风降水模拟的影响。驱动区域模式的大尺度强迫场来自欧洲中期天气预报中心（ECMWF）及热带海洋大气研究计划（TOGA）的分析资料场。试验结果表明:（1）当模式的区域较大时,采用较小的侧边界缓冲区会在缓冲区与模式内部的交界处产生不连续;扩大缓冲区并且考虑不同尺度强迫在垂直方向上的不同作用,可以避免这一缺陷。（2）更重要的是采用后一种方案,即减少了区域气候模式在模拟大尺度环流场方面所起的作用,使得模式更多地依赖侧边界来得到更真实的、对东亚夏季风降水起重大影响的一些气流,如副高、西南季风和南海季风,对东亚夏季风降水无论是在大小上还是在雨带位置的演变上都能进行更好的模拟。     

1873～1996年东亚冬、夏季风强度指数及其主要特征

用1873～1996/1997年资料,延长计算了东亚冬夏季风强度指数,研究了指数的年际及年代际变化的主要特征。指出该指数与我国的冬、夏季天气的年际变化、年代际变化关系密切。还指出,该指数与印度季风强度正相关,并且能解释季风的准两年振荡。     

Post-breakup basaltic magmatism along the East Greenland Tertiary rifted margin

Mafic and ultramafic intrusions in East Greenland adjacent to the offshore Greenland–Iceland ridge were emplaced 5–9 My after continental breakup at 55 Ma [1]. Rare earth element (REE) concentrations determined by secondary ion mass spectrometry are reported for cumulus clinopyroxene from these intrusions, and the data are used to estimate REE abundance in equilibrium melts using available partitioning data. Estimated equilibrium melts from intrusions have strongly fractionated REE patterns with Nd/Dy(N) in the range 2 to 5.6 and Yb/Dy(N) 0.55 to 0.92, similar to values for coeval basalts. These melts have markedly higher Nd/Dy(N) than earlier breakup related flood basalts. The moderately low Yb/Dy(N) for the post-breakup volcanism is indicative of residual garnet in the source, while their high Nd/Dy(N) ratios can best be explained by aggregating low degree melts from a light-REE-enriched garnet- and spinel-bearing mantle source. We also report He, Sr, and Nd isotopic data for the intrusions. The highest ³He/⁴He ratios (>10 R/R_a) are found in the samples whose REE data reflect the largest proportion of melts from a garnet-bearing source, and having Sr and Nd isotopic compositions identical with the radiogenic Sr and unradiogenic Nd isotope end of the Iceland compositional field. There is no indication of a MORB-type mantle in the source of the intrusions. We postulate that post-breakup volcanism along the East Greenland coastline reflects the increasing proximity of the mantle plume to the East Greenland continental margin. The low degree of melting at high mean pressure inferred for the parental melts for the intrusions may reflect re-thickening of the lithosphere, which in turn was caused by the vigorous volcanism during breakup, with accompanying depletion of upper mantle and underplating of the crust at the continental margin.     

Spatial and temporal variations of subsidence of the East Pacific Rise (0–23°S)

The distributions of crustal depths as a function of age have been analysed for the southeast Pacific region, along the East Pacific Rise, between the Equator and the Easter microplate (23°S). Using age data and a new compilation of bathymetric data, subsidence rates (for both eastern and western flanks), asymmetry of subsidence and zero-age depths, are computed within flow-line corridors on the Nazca and Pacific plates. Variations of subsidence rates, axial depths and subsidence asymmetry are examined both in space (within corridors) and time (within several age intervals). The variability in these parameters along the strike of the East Pacific Rise is systematic and serves to define several orders of ridge segmentation. The largest variations of these parameters are correlated with the large-scale segmentation of the ridge axis (i.e. transform faults and very large overlapping spreading centres) and are interpreted as related to variations in mantle heterogeneities mainly dependent upon temperature. Smaller variations of subsidence parameters are correlated with second- (and sometimes third-) order segmentation of the ridge axis, which could be related to variations in axial magmatic supply. Across-strike variations of subsidence suggest the existence of small lateral temperature and density variations in the mantle. When analysing the slope of the distribution of depth versus square root of age within corridors, we have observed the existence of changes in the slope which occur at specific age limits. We have estimated the subsidence over different age ranges in order to determine the temporal evolution of subsidence parameters (rates and asymmetry). Such an analysis may inform on the past axial segmentation and on the persistence of axial discontinuities in time. A linear relationship between subsidence rates and axial depths is determined for each age range and suggests that shallower segments subside faster than deeper segments. Although a similar, statistically defined linear relationship exists for any mid-ocean spreading ridge (both for intermediate or fast–ultrafast spreading), the resultant slopes of this relationship vary from ocean to ocean and show that this relationship is not universal over all oceans.