内蒙古东乌旗早二叠世超镁铁岩的发现及其构造意义

为研究东乌旗晚古生代地幔性质和造山演化特征,对在东乌旗西部首次发现的超镁铁岩—辉闪橄榄岩进行系统的岩相学和元素地球化学研究。东乌旗辉闪橄榄岩主要由橄榄石、角闪石、斜方辉石及少量斜长石、单斜辉石组成,SiO_2含量介于42.84%~43.96%、MgO(24.10%~26.10%)、Na_2O+K_2O(1.52%~2.32%,小于3.5%),低m/f(3.03~3.54)比值和高FeO~T(12.67%~14.33%)的含量、高Mg~#(76.42~79.20),属铁质超镁铁岩和拉斑玄武岩系列。岩石稀土总量较高(∑REE=39.57×10~(-6)~83.32×10~(-6)),轻稀土(LREE)相对于重稀土(HREE)明显富集[(La/Yb)_N=4.04~7.66],Eu异常不明显(δEu=0.90~0.95),稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分模式表现为轻稀土相对富集的右倾型。岩石富集大离子亲石元素(LILE)Cs、Rb、Ba、Sr、K等,相对亏损高场强元素(HFSE)Nb、Ta,具明显的Nb、Ta、Ti负异常,而又有别于强烈Nb、Ta亏损的岛弧岩浆岩;相容元素Cr(769×10~(-6)~2480×10~(-6))、Ni(454×10~(-6)~901×10~(-6))含量较高;低Th/U(2.54~3.03)、Nb/U(3.40~12.85)比值和高La/Nb(2.60~3.63)、Ba/Nb(43.11~72.52)、Zr/Y(5.45~7.83)比值。综上,结合区域最新研究成果,我们认为辉闪橄榄岩来源于受俯冲流体交代的尖晶石相地幔橄榄岩部分熔融,上升过程中受地壳物质不同程度的混染,形成于早二叠世板内伸展构造体制,与古亚洲洋闭合之后板内非造山作用有关。这一认识填补了早二叠世幔源岩浆事件和非造山阶段超镁铁质岩石记录的空白。     

滇黔北坳陷寒武系碳酸盐岩古海洋环境特征及地质意义

为厘定滇黔北坳陷寒武系碳酸盐岩古海洋环境,揭示成岩流体与岩溶作用的潜在联系,并预测有利储层发育层段,基于镇雄羊场碳酸盐岩剖面实测及系统取样基础上,采用微量元素、碳氧锶同位素及铸体薄片等分析手段,地球化学与岩石学方法相结合,探讨碳酸盐岩古海洋环境及地质意义。研究结果表明:滇黔北坳陷寒武系清虚洞组-娄山关组整体为海相环境,古海洋温度处于12.82℃~32.84℃之间,主体为温暖或炎热的亚热带气候。海平面具有主体震荡下降的趋势,存在8期海平面变化旋回,发育对应的岩相组合,其同位素演化曲线可作为地层划分依据。微量元素、同位素地球化学及岩石学特征证实娄山关组岩溶作用相对发育,成岩流体混入强氧化性低温大气水,有利储层纵向上主要分布在海平面下降旋回的高部位。     

塔西台地寒武纪沉积环境演化与海陆耦合

碳酸盐岩台地作为陆地与深海间的过渡带,其沉积记录了海洋和邻近陆地的演化。结合已有的沉积学工作,对塔里木盆地西部台地寒武系碳酸盐岩进行全岩及酸不溶物地球化学研究。塔西台地寒武纪主要发育局限台地、局限-蒸发台地或蒸发台地相沉积。碳酸盐岩的地球化学特征主要受沉积环境和成岩作用影响,对研究区寒武系白云岩来说,其元素组成极易受沉积微相的控制,氧同位素组成则很可能已被成岩作用改造,仅原生、准同生白云岩的Sr/Ba、Fe/Mn和C同位素可反映沉积相演化对应的古盐度、离岸距离等沉积环境特征的变化,酸不溶物化学蚀变指数（CIA值）则指示邻近陆地的化学风化强度与气候特征。寒武纪时期,塔西台地在相对海平面较高时发育局限台地相沉积,以水体盐度较低、沉积环境离岸较远和生物活动相对较弱为特征,陆地化学风化强度适中,气候温暖湿润;在相对海平面较低时发育蒸发台地相沉积,具有水体盐度较高、沉积环境离岸较近和生物活动相对较强等特点,陆地化学风化强烈,气候炎热极端;在相对海平面适中时发育局限-蒸发台地,沉积环境和邻近陆地的特征介于前述二者之间。沉积相演化对应的较长周期的海陆演化可能主要受全球海平面升降及宏观气候变化控制,具体表现为相对海平面升降所导致的海相沉积环境的变化,以及气候变化引起的陆地化学风化强度的变化。寒武纪塔西台地所处区域的海洋-陆地演化具有高度耦合的特征。     

早白垩世泥炭地净初级生产力及其控制因素--来自二连盆地吉尔嘎郎图凹陷6号煤的证据

现代泥炭地中蕴藏着巨量的碳,泥炭地生产力的高低会影响全球碳循环及全球气候变化。前人对全新世以来泥炭地生产力做了大量研究,但对前第四纪的“深时”阶段的泥炭地生产力则极少涉及,其主要原因是缺少精确的定年方法。以二连盆地吉尔嘎郎图凹陷早白垩世6号煤为例,利用地球物理测井信号进行频谱分析并获得煤层中米兰科维奇旋回周期参数（123 ka（偏心率）:38.1 ka（斜率）:22.1 ka（岁差））,将米兰科维奇旋回作为“深时”地层时间的“度量”工具,计算出6号煤层碳的聚集速率为35.1~38.9 g C/（m2·a）,进一步推算出其所代表的泥炭地的碳聚集速率为46.2~51.2 g C/（m2·a）,净初级生产力（NPP）为231~256 g C/（m2·a）。将该计算结果与全新世同一纬度带泥炭地生产力水平比较,并结合前人研究成果综合分析影响因素,得出早白垩世泥炭地生产力水平主要受温度和大气中二氧化碳含量控制,而这两种因素又与气候相关联,则泥炭地生产力的研究可能对进一步了解古气候提供帮助。     

Early Cretaceous Climate Changes Recorded in Magnetic Susceptibility and Color Index Variations of the Lower Liupanshan Group, Central China

This study carried out comprehensive analysis on sedimentology, magnetic susceptibility(χlf) and color data of the continental sediments of the Liupanshan Group in Central China so as to obtain climatic change information during the 129.14–122.98 Ma interval. Based on the results of the ?lf and of the redness(a*), the section can be divided into two segments:(1) 129.14–126.3 Ma, with the lowest ?lf values and strongly variable relatively high values of redness and(2) 126.3–122.98 Ma, with high ?lf values and relatively low redness. Analysis of the lithology and facies as well as the magnetic minerals and their contents points to a detrital origin of the magnetic minerals and this allow us to interpret the relationship between magnetic susceptibility variations and climate changes. Our study shows that the climate was significantly dry and hot during the whole studied interval although the interval between 126.3 Ma and 122.98 was a little bit cooler with increased humidity.     

Cambrian Stem-group Cnidarians with a New Species from the Cambrian Series 3 of the Taebaeksan Basin, Korea

Five species, Lipopora lissa Jell and Jell, 1976, Lipopora daseia Jell and Jell, 1976, Tretocylichne perplexa Engelbretsen, 1993 from Australia, Cambroctoconus orientalis Park, Woo, Lee, Lee, Lee, Han and Chough, 2011 from China, and Cambroctoconus kyrgyzstanicus Peel, 2014 from Kyrgyzstan, belonging to the Cambrian stem-group cnidarians have been documented in the fossil record. Cambroctoconus coreaensis sp. nov., interpreted here as a stem-group cnidarian, from the Seokgaejae section in the Daegi Formation, Taebaek Group (Cambrian Series 3), Taebaeksan Basin, central-eastern Korean Peninsula, has a slender cup-shaped skeleton. A cladistic analysis produced 21 most parsimonious trees, which invariably placed the six stem-group cnidarians below the crown-group, but their relationships within the stem-group are unresolved. Nine out of the 21 trees suggest a monophyletic relationship for the Cambrian stem-group cnidarians, whereas in six other trees a monophyly of Cambroctoconus and Tretocylichne appeared as the sister-group to the crown-group cnidarians with Lipopora at the most basal branch. This result may reflect the fact that crown-group cnidarians evolved in the Precambrian, and suggests that the diversity of stem-group cnidarians was a result of an independent radiation in the Cambrian.     

Internal Microanatomy and Zoological Affinity of the Early Cambrian Olivooides

The early Cambrian pentamerous microfossil Olivooides/Punctatus in South China, which is characterized by a diagnostic stellate tubular apex, has been well-known for its almost complete development sequence that can be confidently traced from embryos and hatched juveniles, to conical adults. However, its zoological affinity remains highly controversial. Here we describe the internal microanatomic structures of the soft-body inside the peridermal theca of Olivooides multisulcatus Qian, 1977, including interradial pairs of tentacles, adradial and perradial frenula, perradial oral marginal lappets and twins of perradial gastric saccule-like humps as well as a circular velarium with striated coronal muscles. Particularly, one specimen shows bifurcated velarial canals along the bell aperture. Both the components of the soft-body and the external theca (or cyst) are arranged in perfect pentaradial symmetry. These characteristics are more compatible with those of living cubomedusans and co-occurring Cambrian athecate embryonic cubozoans. Concerning the presence of peridermal theca, Olivooides most likely represents an extinct thecate stem-group cubomedusae but devoid of both perradial eyes and specialized pedalia. The well-grown soft body inside the peridermal tube displays a set of mixed features of both polyp and medusa.     

四川观音梁子锰矿床地质特征及找矿意义

观音梁子锰矿赋存于寒武系邱家河组中,是龙门山中段在邱家河组中新发现的工业锰矿床。通过矿区勘探工作及室内观察、测试等手段,对矿区成矿地质背景、含锰岩系、矿体及矿石矿物特征、矿床成因、找矿前景等方面进行了初步总结分析。研究发现,观音梁子锰矿为典型的沉积型锰矿床,矿体呈层状产于邱家河组三段硅质白云岩中,延伸较稳定,严格受层位的控制;矿石类型为菱锰矿型,主要由菱锰矿、硫锰矿、水锰矿等组成。早寒武世,龙门山地区由于地壳拉张裂陷形成深海盆地,在还原环境下,锰元素与碳酸根直接结合形成碳酸锰矿物,稳定的物源、深海还原环境为锰矿富集提供了有利的成矿环境。观音梁子锰矿的发现,证实了龙门山北段邱家河组含锰层位的存在,为龙门山中段的锰矿找矿提供了契机,同时显示了寒武系邱家河组具有良好的找锰远景。     

新疆北山小常山铁矿矿物电子探针分析及矿床成因探讨

小常山铁矿位于新疆北山裂谷带西段,矿体赋存于辉长岩、辉长岩和大理岩接触带中,部分赋存于花岗闪长岩和大理岩接触带。前人研究辉长岩年龄为276±1.2Ma,与坡北铜镍硫化物岩浆矿床形成年龄一致,同属早二叠世。小常山铁矿中可见有明显的岩浆贯入现象。矿体主要呈透镜状、块状、脉状、薄层状。金属矿物主要为磁铁矿,含极少量的褐铁矿和黄铁矿;近矿围岩蚀变较弱,主要有石榴子石化、绿帘石化、大理岩化。电子探针研究表明,磁铁矿FeOT含量范围较大,主要分布在85%范围以上,Al_2O_3含量相对较高,TiO_2-Al_2O_3-(MgO+MnO)图解、TiO_2-Al_2O_3-MgO图解均显示热液接触交代成因特点,表明小常山铁矿的形成和岩浆热液的交代作用有关。石榴子石属于钙铝榴石-钙铁榴石系列,与典型矽卡岩矿床的石榴子石端员组分组成有一定差别。结合小常山铁矿体地质特征以及电子探针分析测试等研究,认为小常山铁矿是多成因的复合型矿床,具有岩浆成因和热液成因特征,但后者是主要成因。     

西天山巴音布鲁克地区早古生代成矿地质环境:岩浆岩及其时代和元素同位素约束

西天山位于中亚造山带(CAOB)西南部,是其重要组成部分。CAOB晚古生代金属成矿环境和过程尤为典型,但早古生代成矿地质环境还不甚清楚。新疆巴音布鲁克地区出露(原定时代晚志留世)巴音布鲁克组火山岩夹浅海相碎屑岩和灰岩,是认识西天山早古生代成矿地质环境的难得对象。巴音布鲁克组出露于Nikolaev-那拉提山北缘断裂与Atbash-Inylchek-那拉提山南缘断裂之间的中天山,在巴音布鲁克地区典型发育,火山岩包括玄武岩、玄武安山岩、英安岩、流纹岩及相应的火山碎屑岩,其中侵入岩有正长斑岩和花岗闪长岩。LA-ICP-MS测得玄武安山岩、英安岩、正长斑岩、花岗闪长岩、流纹岩锆石U-Pb年龄分别为455.6±8.1Ma、444.5±1.9Ma、441.4±1.6Ma、455.4±5.3Ma、424±1.9Ma,岩浆活动于晚奥陶-早志留世,喷出和侵入时代接近,原定巴音布鲁克组地层时代晚志留世应改为晚奥陶-早志留世。这些岩浆岩具有相似的稀土元素地球化学特征,微量元素相比原始地幔均亏损Nb、Ta、P、Ti。玄武岩正的ε(t)=+1.6~+6.7,低的(~(87)~Sr/~(86)NdSr)i=0.70377~0.70489,指示岩浆源区具有亏损地幔特征,弱的Zr-Hf负异常,低的Th/Nb比值,较窄的同位素变化范围暗示地壳混染并不显著,微量元素及铅同位素特征(~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb=18.26~18.77,~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb=15.63~15.69,~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb=38.21~38.34)表明岩浆源区可能是俯冲流体及洋底沉积物交代的地幔楔橄榄岩部分熔融成因。西天山巴音布鲁克地区早古生代岩浆岩应是南天山洋晚奥陶-早志留世向北向中天山陆块之下俯冲在中天山-伊犁板块南缘活动大陆边缘的岩浆产物,指示了陆缘岩浆弧环境。这种陆缘弧环境有利于斑岩铜金成矿系统发育,值得高度关注相关铜金矿的地质找矿。