非弹性反应谱计算的一个改进算法

本文就非弹性地震反应谱的计算问题（运动方程的形式，谱参量的选取，方程解算中恢复力模型上拐折点的处理和时间积分方法），给出了几点理论考虑，介绍了一个改进的算法。这一算法具有精度好和效率高的优点，这对做好结构抗震设计和其它地震工程问题中需要处理大量强震动数据的分析研究工作是有利的。文中还就双线型恢复力模型具体计算了2个例子（一个为屈服强化情形，另一个为理想弹塑性情形）。最后联系计算工作和计算结果，对非弹性反应谱计算中的其它有关事项做了补充讨论和说明。     

Estimating fractal dimension of profiles: A comparison of methods

This paper examines the characteristics of four different methods of estimating the fractal dimension of profiles. The semi-variogram, roughness-length, and two spectral methods are compared using synthetic 1024-point profiles generated by three methods, and using two profiles derived from a gridded DEM and two profiles from a laser-scanned soil surface. The analysis concentrates on the Hurst exponent H,which is linearly related to fractal dimension D,and considers both the accuracy and the variability of the estimates of H.The estimation methods are found to be quite consistent for Hnear 0.5, but the semivariogram method appears to be biased for Happroaching 0 and 1, and the roughness-length method for Happroaching 0. The roughness-length or the maximum entropy spectral methods are recommended as the most suitable methods for estimating the fractal dimension of topographic profiles. The fractal model fitted the soil surface data at fine scales but not at broad scales, and did not appear to fit the DEM profiles well at any scale.     

Eigendecomposition of TDR waveforms: a novel method to determine water content and pore fluid concentration of sandy soils

In this study, an incident pulse signal of several harmonics (i.e., multiples of the fundamental frequency) was used as a source in the time domain reflectometry (TDR) probing technique. Reflected signals were captured by an oscilloscope and their characteristics were determined via eigendecomposition. Autoregressive modeling and singular value decomposition were used to calculate the eigenvalues and the most significant ones were identified based on power spectrum. A multivariate statistical analysis was performed for the two most dominant eigenvalues, which are dependent on water content and salt concentrations, and regression equations were obtained. To determine the water content and salt concentrations in terms of the first and second eigenvalues, a modified Powell hybrid algorithm was used to solve the obtained system of nonlinear equations. Actual and predicted results are in agreement indicating that the developed method is very successful in predicting water content and salt concentrations. Furthermore, on comparing the eigendecomposition method with Fourier spectral analysis, one can observe that the former is superior in predicting water content and salt concentrations.     

奇异谱分析-最大熵结合最优子集回归方法在中国夏季降水预测中的应用

基于奇异谱分析-最大熵预报方法（SSA-MEM）和最优子集回归方法（OSR）,综合考虑降水量序列自身的变化特征和外强迫因子对降水的贡献,把奇异谱分析-最大熵预报方法和最优子集回归方法结合起来,提出了SSA-MEM和OSR集成的新方法。对1961—2000年的夏季降水量进行拟合并试做2001—2004年的夏季降水预测。结果表明,回报拟合值与实况值距平相关系数达到0.85,通过了0.01的显著性水平检验。预报的平均技巧得分较高,试报准确率达到69%,略高于目前国内对汛期降雨预测的平均准确率。初步的试验表明,本方法对全国范围夏季降水有较好的预测能力,在东北及西南地区预测结果尤为显著。     

Three‐dimensional VS profiling using microtremors in Kushiro,Japan

A practical method is presented for determining three‐dimensional S‐wave velocity (V_S) profile from microtremor measurements. Frequency–wave number (f–k) spectral analyses of microtremor array records are combined, for this purpose, with microtremor horizontal‐to‐vertical (H/V) spectral ratio techniques. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, microtremor measurements using arrays of sensors were conducted at six sites in the city of Kushiro, Japan. The spectral analyses of the array records yield dispersion characteristics of Rayleigh waves and H/V spectra of surface waves, and joint inversion of these data results in V_S profiles down to bedrock at the sites. Conventional microtremor measurements were performed at 230 stations within Kushiro city, resulting in the H/V spectra within the city. Three‐dimensional V_S structure is then estimated from inversion of the H/V spectra with the V_S values determined from the microtremor array data. This reveals three‐dimensional V_S profile of Kushiro city, together with an unknown hidden valley that crosses the central part of the city. The estimated V_S profile is consistent with available velocity logs and results of subsequent borings, indicating the effectiveness of the proposed method. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

地震反应谱初探

在计算地震荷载中,设计的依据是常规反应谱理论.然而,当质点间出现刚体移动时,用上述理论计算会出现奇异点.本文利用相对加速度进行计算,将常规反应谱理论进行修正,所得结论既偏于安全,又弥补常规反应谱的不足。     

非线性粘滞阻尼器消能结构减振效果分析

应用并完善了非线性粘滞阻尼器消能结构地震反应预测的反应谱方法,通过与时程分析计算结果对比证明了方法的可行性。利用本方法研究了支撑刚度及阻尼器参数对非线性粘滞阻尼器减振效果的影响。通过数值分析,给出了位移降低率达到最佳时支撑刚度取值的建议式。提出了为保证剪力降低率不大于1时非线性粘滞阻尼器参数的控制方法。     

地震动强度对场地地震反应的影响

通过对场地地震反应的研究发现,地震动强度不同,同样的场地对地震动的影响也不同,得到的反应谱形状也不同。目前我国抗震设计规范中不同烈度下的设计反应谱形状完全一致,没有考虑地震动强弱对相同场地反应谱形状的影响。     

ESR测年研究中人工辐照吸收剂量的确定

在ESR测年研究中,被测样品的年代是通过样品的古剂量与样品所接受的年剂量的比值得到的。古剂量则是在实验室内经放射性源的人工辐照模拟自然界的ESR信号增长情况获得的。因此,人工辐照样品吸收剂量的确定成为影响测年可靠性的一个重要因素。目前一般有两种方法确定测年样品的人工辐照吸收剂量值一种是剂量率法,即在辐照前利用标准剂量体系对辐照位置的吸收剂量率进行校准,然后在同一位置辐照被测样品,通过校准得到的吸收剂量率和辐照时间确定样品的吸收剂量,通常所用的标准剂量体系为硫酸亚铁剂量计;另一种是伴随法,即在辐照前将参考剂量计与被测样品一起放到辐射场中辐照,参考剂量计一般采用经标准剂量体系(如硫酸亚铁剂量计或量热计等)校准过的丙氨酸剂量计,照后由参考剂量计直接给出被测样品的吸收剂量。文中就确定吸收剂量的两种方法的可靠性进行了探讨,并利用两种类型的丙氨酸剂量计通过伴随法测定了被测样品的吸收剂量。结果表明,根据目前ESR测年研究中地质样品人工辐照的实际情况,利用伴随法通过参考剂量计确定被测样品的吸收剂量更为实用与可靠     

Hilbert spectrum and intrinsic oscillation mode of dynamic response of a bilinear SDOF system： influence of harmonic excitation amplitude

Under harmonic wave excitation, the dynamic response of a bilinear SDOF system can be expressed by the Hilbert spectrum. The Hilbert spectrum can be formulated by (1) the inter-wave combination mechanism between the steady response and the transient response when the system behaves linearly, or (2) the intra-wave modulation mechanism embedded in one intrinsic mode function (IMF) component when the system behaves nonlinearly. The temporal variation of the instantaneous frequency of the IMF component is consistent with the system nonlinear behavior of yielding and unloading. As a thorough study of this fundamental structural dynamics problem, this article investigates the influence of the amplitude of the harmonic wave excitation on the Hilbert spectrum and the intrinsic oscillatory mode of the dynamic response of a bilinear SDOF system.