Study on the porosity of a metalliferous sediment core from the East Pacific Rise 13°N

研究了采自东太平洋海隆13°N（EPR13°N）的一个热液成因含金属箱式沉积物岩心E272的孔隙率变化特征。样品孔隙率在70．O％～85．2％之间,顶部层位比底部层位高14％左右。孔隙率随深度增加而指数式单调递减,平均递减梯度约为-0.31％／cm。该岩心上部层位呈红棕色,下部层位呈黄绿色,表明该岩心经历了显著的早期化学成岩作用。前人关于该岩心的元素地球化学,粒度和年代学数据,共同证明该岩心孔隙率随深度变化特征受稳态压缩过程控制。其孔隙率随深度的变化关系符合稳态压缩模型的经验拟合公式。E272顶部沉积物．水界面处溶解物质与海水的交换以离子扩散机制为主,而岩芯内部溶解物质的迁移则可能主要受自下而上的孔隙水流动机制控制,这与岩芯中活动元素含量上部高,下部低的分布模式一致。该研究对将来进一步讨论E272岩心在早期成岩作用中的化学过程具有指导意义。     

Electron paramagnetic resonance study of iridium in forsterite

Electron paramagnetic resonance of Ir²⁺ in forsterite is studied at Q-band frequency and room temperature. There are four equivalent spectra superimposed along the three crystallographic axes. The individual spectrum consists of four hyperfine lines of approximately equal intensity separated from each other by 42 G; one axis of the g tensor is near the c axis. Ir²⁺ is certainly substituted for Mg²⁺. Because of the fourfold degeneracy of the EPR spectrum, it may be suggested that iridium occurs at M₁. Taking into account that one eigenvector of the g tensor is nearly parallel to c, it seems also possible that the substitution takes place at the M₂ position. In this case, the lattice relaxation of the crystal structure around Ir²⁺ at M₂ must break the point symmetry m at M₂.     

Growth history of hydrothermal chimneys at EPR 9-10°N: A structural and mineralogical study

Based on structural and mineralogical characteristics of four hydrothermal chimney samples collected by submersible Alvin, growth history and formation environment of hydrothermal chimney at EPR 9-10°N are established. It is shown that there occur two types of hydrothermal chimney with different deposition environments at EPR 9-10°N according to differences in their shape, structure and mineral assemblage: type I chimney forms in an environment with high temperature, low pH and strong reducing hydrothermal focus flow and type II chimney forms in a relatively low temperature, high pH and rich Zn hydrothermal environment. Growth of type I chimney begins with the formation of anhydrite. Subsequently deposition of Cu-Fe-Zn sulphide in various directions of chimneys decides the final structure of this type of chimney. According to observation and analysis of mineral assemblages, the formation process of type I chimney could be divided into three stages from early, middle to late. Changes of temperature and major chemical reaction type in the process of hydrothermal chimney formation are also deduced. Different from type I chimney, quenching crystalline of pyrite and/or crystalline of sphalerite provide the growth foundation of type II chimney in the early stage of chimney forma-tion.     

Valent state and coordination of cobalt Ions in beryl and chrysoberyl crystals

We have studied the polarized optical absorption and EPR spectra of Co-doped beryls grown by hydrothermal, flux, and gas-transport methods, and chrysoberyl grown by the Czochralski method. In beryls three groups of bands, belonging to three various Co centers, were distinguished by analysis of the absorption band intensities. The first group, bands with maxima at 22 220 (E c), 17 730 (E c), and 9090 (E c), 7520 (E c) cm^–1 are due to Co²⁺ in octahedral site of Al³⁺. The second group is bands at 18 940, 18 250, 17 700 (E c), 18 300, 17 700, 17 000 (E c) and 8830 (E c), 7350 (E c) cm^–1 and 5320 (E c), 3880 (E c) cm^–1, which are caused by Co²⁺ in tetrahedral site of Be²⁺. A weak wide band in flux and gas-transport beryl in the region of 12 500–8300 cm^–1 (E , c) is related to Co³⁺ in octahedral Al³⁺ site. In hydrothermal beryl, bands 13 200 (E c), 10 900 (E c), and 8500 (E c) cm^–1 are caused by an uncontrolled impurity of Cu²⁺ ions. For Co-doped chrysoberyl one type of center of Co has been established: Co²⁺ in the octahedral site of Al³⁺. In the approximation of the trigonal field with regard to Trees correction, the energy levels of Co²⁺ have been calculated in octahedral and tetrahedral coordination. There is good agreement between the obtained experimental and calculated data. The polarization dependence of the optical absorption bands is explained well in terms of the spin-orbit interaction.     

EPR and SQUID magnetometry study of Cu2FeSnS4 (stannite) and Cu2ZnSnS4 (kesterite)

An EPR and SQUID magnetometry study of Cu₂FeSnS₄ (stannite) and Cu₂ZnSnS₄ (kesterite) has been performed in order to gain a deeper insight into the crystal chemistry of these minerals, in which the mixed character of bonds lends uncertainty to the determination of the metal valence states. EPR investigations were performed down to almost liquid nitrogen temperature on both natural and synthetic samples of stannite and kesterite. The interpretation of their parameters (g- and T-tensors) was refined by computer simulation. The main feature of all the spectra is the unstructured signal centered at about 0.310 T due to the presence of Cu(II). The absence of structure in the signal is due to spin-spin exchange interaction between Cu(II) and Fe(II), pointing to a diluted distribution of Cu(II). The temperature dependence of the Cu(II) signal can be related to a topological variation of the first-neighbors coordination. The SQUID measurements, while allowing a more precise interpretation of the EPR data, led to a full characterization of magnetic behavior of stannite and kesterite down to liquid helium temperature, evidencing antiferromagnetic interactions between the Fe(II) ions in all samples but in synthetic kesterite. From the EPR and SQUID experimental data no evidence was provided for the existence of two different structures for stannite and kesterite. Received: 2 August 1999 / Accepted: 7 January 2000     

下庄铀矿田方解石的谱学特征研究

下庄铀矿田是我国最大的花岗岩型铀矿田,其中的沥青铀矿-方解石型矿化类型是近年来新发现的一种富矿类型。系统采集了该矿田中不同成矿期、不同颜色的方解石样品．进行了粉晶X射线衍射、电子顺磁共振波谱及反射光谱学研究。电子顺磁共振波谱揭示成矿期方解石中普遍含有Fe^3 和Mn^2 色心离子,而成矿期后和远矿样品中则一般只含有单独的Fe^3 或者Mn^2 色心离子,说明矿田中唯一的工业矿石矿物．沥青铀矿可能是在氧化-还原过渡环境下沉淀的,强氧化和强还原环境均不利于矿石的沉淀。反射光谱学研究揭示不同成矿期方解石的光谱学特征不同,反映了它们在特征元素、含水性等方面均存在差异,成矿期方解石以890nm和400nm两个波长处Fe^3 氧化物的吸收为特征,而成矿期后的方解石则分别在1922nm和1400nm呈现明显的水的吸收。利用反射光谱测定可以定量计算矿物在不同光波波段的吸收性强弱,并得到色度值。研究表明红度较灰度和亮度能更好地定量表示本区方解石的颜色,这也许是由于研究区的方解石大多呈现不同程度的红色和白色所致。     

The effect of γ-irradiation on the structure and subsequent thermal decomposition of brucite

The effect of γ-irradiation on the structure, phase composition and kinetics of isothermal decomposition of natural textural brucite Mg(OH)₂ has been investigated by Mn²⁺ electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), proton magnetic resonance (PMR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and weight loss methods. Starting from a 10⁶-Gy dose, γ-irradiation (⁶⁰Co, 13.8 Gys^?1) is found to stimulate the formation of a new phase in the brucite structure, namely basic magnesium carbonate. The carbonate phase is assumed to form in brucite under γ-irradiation accordingly to the scheme \(\) (in the brucite structure). There is also a possibility that γ-irradiation forms particles with high reaction ability, CO^?₂ radicals and/or CO molecules, which can react with the brucite structure. Preliminary γ-irradiation (9.75 × 10⁷ Gy) slows down the subsequent isothermal dehydroxylation of natural brucite, which can be explained by the formation of the new carbonate phase in the Mg(OH)₂ structure. Dehydroxylation kinetics of both original and irradiated samples are interpreted by a two-stage nucleation model at 623, 648, 673, 698 and 723 K. The reaction rate is limited by the first nucleation stage rate (proton transition from an OH group near the reaction interface on a freed vacant orbital of an oxygen ion of the OH group in the nearest elementary cell, i.e., formation of a structured water molecule). The second-stage rate (water molecule removal from the structure and proton migration from the residual hydroxyl inside the structure) is about 1 order of magnitude higher. The activation energy of the limiting stage is 194 and 163 kJ mol^?1 for the original and irradiated samples, respectively. Non-linear Arrhenius dependencies for the first-stage rate constants are related to the potential barrier reduction due to thermal fluctuations of large structural zones (with radii of about 20 and 81 Å in original and irradiated samples, respectively), whose ions form this barrier.     

Applications of Natural Radiation-Induced Paramagnetic Defects in Quartz to Exploration in Sedimentary Basins

INTRODUCTION Point defects in quartz have attracted intensiveand continuing research since the 1950s ( Weil ,2000 ,1984 ; Marfunin, 1979 ; Weeks , 1956 ; McClellandand Donoghue ,1953) because they are key factors inenhancing ( or reducing) device performance andquality of this i mportant piezoelectric and optical ma-terial (Beall ,1994) .Point defects in quartz are usu-ally dilute in concentration and,therefore ,are ame-nable to study by only a fewstructural techniques ,ofwhich electron…     

The Millstone Grit (namurian) of the southern pennines viewed in the light of eustatically controlled sequence stratigraphy

The overall lithological succession in the Millstone Grit of the southern Pennines was most probably controlled by glacial-eustatic sea-level oscillations and may be interpreted in terms of the systems tracts of sequence stratigraphy. Bands containing thick-shelled goniatites represent ‘condensed sections’ formed at times of maximum flooding. Turbidite-fronted deltas, marking major basin-filling episodes, resemble ‘lowstand systems tracts’. However all sand influxes did not necessarily occur during lowstands. Millstone Grit sheet deltas and elongate deltas resemble lobate and birdfoot deltas in Recent ‘highstand systems tracts’. The prograding fluviodeltaic complexes at the tops of some major turbidite-fronted deltas were braid deltas. So was the sheet-like channel complex of the Rough Rock at the top of the Millstone Grit, but this was probably part of a ‘highstand systems tract’.