石英的电子顺磁共振波谱在金矿评价中的应用

本文研究的是昔遍存在于石英样品中的O--AI空穴心和E心。根据石英中O--AI心和E心的电子顺磁共振波谱随石英脉形成温度变化的特征,可间接地推测主成矿阶段。石英的O--AI心强度与矿石含金量呈正相关关系,相关系数γ=0.61(a=0.01)。在4个钻孔中,石英的O--AI心强度与含金量具有相同的变化趋势。石英的O--AI心强度与含金量的这种正相关关系可作为金矿床成矿预测及找矿评价的标志之一。     

方镁石中Cr^3＋—空位中心附近的局部压缩率

用晶体场理论研究了方镁石中Cr~(3+)离子的零场劈裂D随单轴压力的变化,发现杂质离子附近的局部压缩率的确不同于基质晶体的压缩率,即由于Cr~(3+)离子附近有阳离子空位出现,空位附近的氧离子将更易于向空位压缩,造成局部压缩率不同于基质晶体压缩率。     

The ordered creation of paramagnetic defects at plastic deformation of natural diamonds

The EPR-study showed that natural purple diamonds from kimberlites of Eastern Siberia (Russia) contain well known P1, P2 (in some samples), W7, and N2 centers. The EPR spectra of these centers were typical of plastically deformed diamond single crystals. Besides, several intense additional spectra of di-nitrogen centers were observed in purple diamonds. The angular dependence analysis of these spectra showed that they can be attributed to known M2 centers. Comparison of principal axis directions observed for sites of the M2 center in purple diamond crystals with theoretically predicted directions in the twin crystal revealed that these centers are allocated exclusively to the twinned lamellae. Unusual phenomenon of the ordered distribution of paramagnetic centers in natural purple diamonds confirmed that the plastic deformation in natural diamonds can be induced not only by the slip of dislocations but also by the mechanical twinning.     

Natural iron-containing blue and colorless euclase studied by electron paramagnetic resonance

Natural blue and colorless rare-gem mineral specimens of euclase from Brazil are investigated by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). Angular dependences of Fe³⁺ EPR spectra in three mutually perpendicular crystal planes are analyzed revealing g and D tensors with significant low-symmetry effects, as for example, the high asymmetry parameter E/D = 0.28. Fourth-order degree Stevens parameters are also included in analysis. The anisotropy of both g and D tensors is consistent with Fe³⁺ substituting for Al³⁺ ions in strongly distorted AlO₅(OH) octahedra in which the oxygen distances range from 1.85 to 1.98 Å. Fe³⁺ is not responsible for the blue color because colorless and blue euclase show nearly the same Fe³⁺ concentration as measured by EPR. However, total iron content in blue sample is much higher than in the colorless one suggesting that the existing model that Fe²⁺–Fe³⁺ intervalence charge transfer transition may explain the blue color of euclase.     

Sodium and potassium in the bones of penguin and skua revealed by EPR and SR-XRF technique

Penguin and skua in the maritime Antarctic have high salt loadings in the body due to almost exclusive diet consumption of marine invertebrates. However, the storage and turnover of sodium and potassium in these animals are poorly investigated. Here we determined the concentration and microscopic distribution of the two elements in the bones of penguin and skua. The average concentrations of sodium and potassium in penguin bone were comparable with that in skua bone (0.18% and 0.82% for penguin bone; 0.19% and 0.76% for skua bone in dry weight). The ratios of sodium to calcium and potassium to calcium (0.0330 and 0.0075 for penguin, 0.0335 and 0.0082 for skua in average by weight) were somewhat higher than the reported ratios for terrestrial animals, indicating these marine animals' bone enrichment of salt. The ratios of sodium to potassium in average by weight were 6.75 and 4.65 for penguin and skua, respectively. This value is much lower compared with the bulk sea water ratio of about 27.0, implying that potassium is favorable to reside in the bone rather than sodium. Both sodium and potassium were found to significant correlation with the content of organic materials in bone based upon the intensity of native signal determined by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). It was estimated that almost all of potassium is kept within the organic phases, while about 30% of sodium is stored in organic phases and the other 70% within mineral phase. The microscopic distributions of potassium in the cross-section and/or surface were revealed by synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence (SR-XRF) technique. The ratio of potassium to calcium based upon the SR-XRF intensity counter varied considerably from the surface to the interior, and on the surface the highest concentration of potassium was observed in the middle section with decreasing amounts toward the edge. This indirectly documented that exchange of potassium between fluid and bone organic phase maybe occur.     

Mechanical decoupling and thermal structure at the East Pacific Rise axis 9°N: Constraints from axial magma chamber geometry and seafloor structures

We study the relationships between the seafloor structures and the axial magma chamber geometry in the 9°N overlapping spreading center (OSC) area on the fast spreading East Pacific Rise (EPR). Our observations are based on a new high resolution bathymetric map of the 9°N OSC area derived from picks of the seafloor arrival on 3D seismic data, and on previously published data that constrain the presence and distribution of melt below the 9°N OSC. Differences in the orientation of structures between the seafloor and the magma chamber indicate a sharp change in principal stress directions with depth, suggesting that the brittle crust above the melt sill is decoupled from the melt sill itself and the ductile crust underlying it. The stress-field within the brittle upper crust results from a local interaction of the two overlapping spreading centers, whereas the stress-field in the crust below the melt sill corresponds to the regional stress-field imposed by plate separation. Given this mechanical structure of the crust, the melt sill shape and location appear to be controlled by the following factors: the location of the deep melt source below the melt sill, the ambient stress-field at the depth of the melt sill, and the stress-field in the brittle upper crust above the melt sill, which thermally shapes the roof of the melt sill through repeated eruptions.     

1988—2016年泰国湾海岸线变迁遥感分析

泰国湾近30年海岸线变迁剧烈。文章基于1988年、1996年、2006年和 2016年4个时期Landsat TM/OLI中等分辨率卫星遥感影像数据,开展了近30年泰国湾岸线长度时空变迁遥感监测,并应用数字海岸分析系统（DSAS）计算出4期岸线变迁速率,给出了4个时期泰国湾侵蚀淤积面积状况,分析了岸线变迁的自然因素和人类活动因素。并从岸线增长速率、岸线变迁速率、蚀淤面积状况、岸线类型变化4个方面给出结论。     

下庄铀矿田方解石的谱学特征研究

下庄铀矿田是我国最大的花岗岩型铀矿田,其中的沥青铀矿-方解石型矿化类型是近年来新发现的一种富矿类型。系统采集了该矿田中不同成矿期、不同颜色的方解石样品．进行了粉晶X射线衍射、电子顺磁共振波谱及反射光谱学研究。电子顺磁共振波谱揭示成矿期方解石中普遍含有Fe^3 和Mn^2 色心离子,而成矿期后和远矿样品中则一般只含有单独的Fe^3 或者Mn^2 色心离子,说明矿田中唯一的工业矿石矿物．沥青铀矿可能是在氧化-还原过渡环境下沉淀的,强氧化和强还原环境均不利于矿石的沉淀。反射光谱学研究揭示不同成矿期方解石的光谱学特征不同,反映了它们在特征元素、含水性等方面均存在差异,成矿期方解石以890nm和400nm两个波长处Fe^3 氧化物的吸收为特征,而成矿期后的方解石则分别在1922nm和1400nm呈现明显的水的吸收。利用反射光谱测定可以定量计算矿物在不同光波波段的吸收性强弱,并得到色度值。研究表明红度较灰度和亮度能更好地定量表示本区方解石的颜色,这也许是由于研究区的方解石大多呈现不同程度的红色和白色所致。     

EPR 9°～10°N L喷口黑烟囱体形成环境重建:来自矿物学及铅-210年龄的限制

为了重建EPR 9°~10°N L喷口的形成环境,采用矿物学、地球化学及年代学的方法,对黑烟囱体的矿物组成、矿物结构、元素剖面分布以及黑烟囱体内外层铅-210测年进行了研究。矿物学观察表明,该喷口烟囱体内壁主要由方黄铜矿组成,而外壁则主要由硬石膏组成。铅-210测年结果表明,烟囱体形成于EPR 9°~10°N区域内1991年的火山喷发事件之后,并有较低的生长速率,约为0.3cm/a。结合该喷口及其附近A喷口已发表资料认为,该烟囱体开始生长是由于蒸气相流体引起的,其后期受到卤水相流体的影响,而且流体温度应不小于330℃。