电磁测深与地面磁测数据联合解释

一直以来,对重磁电联合反演的探索不多.试以电磁测深的资料为依据,设计出地质体的地质特征,改变地体质的磁参量以拟合磁测数据,开展电磁测深与地面磁测数据联合解释,求取地质体磁参数,从而达到定性解释地质体岩性的工作目的.     

A time-domain electromagnetic sounder for detection and characterization of groundwater on Mars

A prototype time-domain electromagnetic (TDEM) sounder was developed to technical readiness level (TRL) 5 to detect and characterize deep groundwater on Mars. The TDEM method induces eddy currents in the subsurface by abrupt extinction of a steady current in a large, flat-lying loop antenna, and the subsurface response is measured using the same loop or a separate receiver. TDEM has been widely used in terrestrial groundwater exploration and is ideally suited to sense the high electrical conductivity associated with saline groundwater expected on Mars. The inductive regime of TDEM is distinct from ground-penetrating radar: the latter has higher resolution but smaller depth of investigation. Our Mars-prototype TDEM was tested in the laboratory and at a local field site before the principal test was performed on Maui, Hawaii. This location was chosen because of its analogy to Mars in electrical properties: dry, resistive basalt over saline pore water. Results compared favorably to soundings made with a commercial TDEM, clearly detecting the seawater interface at depths of 250 m. We subsequently developed a ballistic deployment system for the loop antenna suitable for robotic missions. Compressed gas launches two projectiles; each consists of two spools on a guide stick. Payout on one spool is back towards the launcher and on the other toward its twin on the other projectile. In this way a triangular loop antenna is formed. The full system was tested twice, successfully achieving a distance of ∼70 m in both. A system capable of deploying a 200 m loop antenna on Mars would have mass <6 kg (including 0.3 kg electronics) and within one sol could detect groundwater at depths up to 5 km. TDEM can probe to depths not possible for radar and answer the question: does groundwater - and a likely subsurface habitable zone - exist on Mars?     

Geoelectric section of the lithosphere in the central part of the Middle Amur sedimentary basin (Far East) based on the magnetotelluric sounding data

Results of magnetotelluric soundings (MTS) along the profile plotted across the strike of the Middle Amur sedimentary basin are considered. The results of field studies are analyzed and different factors influencing the behavior of sounding curves are discussed. A reference curve and reference geoelectric section selected on the basis of the previous MTS works within the Middle Amur depression allowed us to compensate for the influence of different geoelectric inhomogeneities and construct a starting model for two-dimensional mathematical modeling based on the field data. As a result, a geoelectric model of the lithosphere structure in the Middle Amur sedimentary basin across its strike was compiled.     

青藏高原东北部地区地壳电性结构特征

通过对青藏高原东北部地区的大地电磁测深数据进行分析、处理,用非线性共轭梯度算法（NLCG）进行二维TE、TM模式联合反演,得到研究地区的地壳电性结构特征.结果表明在研究区的中下地壳内普遍存在高导层,其成因一般为部分熔融,其中在羌塘中部地壳内的局部高导异常主要受流体的影响.     

华北不同构造块体地壳结构及其对比研究

华北古大陆块体经多期构造运动的改造使地壳构造具有明显的分块特征. 利用华北地区近30条、共约两万公里的深地震测深资料及成果,进一步研究华北各次级块体内部地壳细结构,对比分析各块体的结构差异. 根据不同的地壳结构特征,华北地壳可分为三大类：西部鄂尔多斯盆地地壳结构简单,基底结构完整,为稳定古大陆地壳;华北中部隆起区太行山及北部阴山、燕山隆起区地壳结构相对简单,中部地壳和下地壳局部区域轻微速度逆转,可能与该区域地壳增厚隆升的壳内介质解耦形变有关;华北东部裂陷盆地地壳结构复杂, 基底下陷、破碎,壳内介质松散、速度低,Moho上隆、地壳减薄,横向结构差异明显,显示了新生地壳构造特征. 在此基础上,综合研究、探讨了华北地壳分块构造以及与之相关的动力学演化.     

长白山天池火山区三维地壳结构层析成像

利用长白山天池火山区三维空间深地震测观测系统所采集的反射P波走时资料,采用层析成像技术,重建了该区地壳界面构造形态和速度分析图像。界面成像结果表明：研究区地壳界面总体上显示了由北西向东南加深的趋势;马鞍山—三道白河断裂和富尔河—红旗河断裂是本区两条主要的深部构造,尤其是马鞍山—三道白河断裂,北北东向穿越天池火山口,其两侧的地壳界面存在明显的错断,预示了该处地壳厚度陡变或深大断裂带的存在,速度成像结果显示在10km深度,明显的P波低速异常分布在天池周围;15km深度上它表现为一个近南北向的P波低速异常条带,其延展尺度南北向为80~90km,东西向30~40km;随着深度的增加,P波低速异常分布在天池西侧,其尺度有明显的缩小,分布范围更加集中,而且低速扰动幅度更大。这种P波速度异常的变化图像在一定程度上反映了天池火山口下方壳内岩浆系统的空间分状况。     

铁路隧道工程勘察中高频大地电磁测深应用效果研究

铁路隧道周围一定范围内的岩溶洞穴及断层构造,都将对隧道施工产生安全隐患,本文阐述采用EH?4电导率成像系统的高频大地电磁法能够准确快速的探测一定深度范围内的溶洞、断层等地质构造,对施工区的地质构造和岩溶的赋存状态进行超前的宏观预测,并将野外的成功实例进行分析。     

抽取滤波在海底大地电磁探测中的应用

海底大地电磁仪使用了△-Σ调制技术来实现微伏级信号的采集.从抽样理论出发,讨论了针对△-∑调制器输出的高频位流信号而进行的抽取滤波的原理及其构成,指出抽取滤波过程中必须使用多级抽取结构进行抽取和滤波,海底大地电磁仪器中使用的三级抽取滤波结构实现了数字抽取、抗混叠和滤除基带以外量化噪声的功能.同时也介绍了滤波模块的接口和海底大地电磁数据采集器中数字通道原理.结合海底大地电磁仪器的海上试验,通过分析采集的时间序列及其频谱曲线,说明海底大地电磁仪中使用的抽取滤波是合理、可行的.     

大地电磁测深资料的二次函数逼近非线性反演

将二次函数逼近非线性优化首次应用于大地电磁测深反演问题,该反演方法利用二次函数有唯一最小值的特点进行逼近大地电磁反演模型,从而避免了常规的迭代反演过程中陷入局部极小问题,实现了对目标函数求全局极小,较好地解决了非唯一性问题;同时该方法不用求灵敏度矩阵,且对初始模型无任何要求。通过理论模型检验、井旁MT点反演结果与测井曲线的对比及MT测线的反演电阻率深度剖面与地震测线的时间剖面对比均表明,本文方法取得较好的应用效果。     

三维电阻率测深数据Zohdy近似反演方法

Zohdy方法近似反演三维电阻率测深数据。正演计算采用有限单元法。反演初始模型由测量视电阻率数据给出。通过比较实测视电阻率值和预测模型计算的视电阻率值对数差来修改模型网格电阻率．为了解决任意电极距测深数据的反演,采用大、小双网格剖分。大网格反映地下电性分布情况。小网格用于实际有限元正演计算．在电阻率调整公式中加入一个迭代系数,能够加快收敛速度．并对加5％随机噪声的模型理论视电阻率测深断面数据进行反演,得到的电阻率分布与模型电阻率基本一致．