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101.
地壳流体与地幔流体间的关系 总被引:72,自引:8,他引:72
通过铀、金矿床及地幔岩捕虏体研究,初步得出以下认识:(1)在热液作用中岩浆分异热液是不存在的;(2)碱交代作用是整个地幔交代作用和地壳交代作用的基本运作机制,现已构成有几十条具体规律的理论系统;碱交代岩是地幔流体转变为热液的化石记录;(3)拆离断层构造体系是地幔流体上升到地壳后的活动通道;(4)磷(P)是地幔流体的特征性示踪成分;(5)大洋缺氧事件、生物种属灭绝、厄尔尼诺等有共同的地幔流体致因;(6)天然气-油-盐-金属成矿是统一的热液成矿作用。软流体是今后区域成矿预测的重要新依据。软流体的顶部发育有次级、再次级的局部上凸部,这是矿带、矿田群的重要成矿控制因素和找矿新标志。 相似文献
102.
There are two grades of network-type texture in metamorphic peridotite from the Kuda ophiolite,Xinjiang,China,The first graduation consists of coarse-grained olivine with plastic deformation fabrics,orthopyroxene and minor clinopyroxene and Cr-spinel.The second graduation consists of small minerals filling among the mineral grains of the first graduation.Four kinds of assemblages containing tremolite have been discovered in the second graduation,which were formed during mantle partial melting and mantle metasomatism of a highly depleted peridotite. 相似文献
103.
华北克拉通-扬子克拉通与秦岭造山带古地幔组成及状态的对比 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
经研究,华北克拉通古地幔以含石榴石的二辉橄榄岩、方辉橄榄岩及纯橄榄岩为主.地幔交代作用强烈,岩石富集不相容元素,明显高于南非及西澳克拉通者.扬子克拉通古地幔主元素亏损程度差,交代作用较弱,岩石为石榴石/尖晶石二辉橄榄岩.秦岭造山带壳、幔交界带的岩石类型复杂,包括蛇纹石化尖晶石二辉橄榄岩(蛇纹岩)、石榴石辉石岩、榴闪岩、变辉长岩及变玄武岩等.蛇纹岩遭受强的塑性流变,剪切变形结构发育.与克拉通相比,地幔交代作用很弱.3个地幔域的古地温状态有差异,秦岭造山带最高,扬子克拉通居中,华北克拉通最低.上述结果表明,两克拉通的古地幔特征相差显著,暗示经历了不同的演化过程.交代作用可能发生在1700Ma以前和1100~500Ma,后者强于前者.造山带地幔的剪切变形明显强于克拉通地幔 相似文献
104.
Osmium-strontium-neodymium-lead isotopic covariations in mid-ocean ridge basalt glasses and the heterogeneity of the upper mantle 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Pierre Schiano Jean-Louis Birck Claude J. Allgre 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》1997,150(3-4):363-379
Osmium, strontium, neodymium, and lead isotopic data have been obtained for 30 hand picked samples of basaltic glass from the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian mid-oceanic ridges. Large variations in Os isotopic ratios exist in the glasses, from abyssal peridotite-like values to radiogenic compositions similar to oceanic island basalts (187Os/186Os and 187Os/188Os ratios range from 1.06 to 1.36 and from 0.128 to 0.163, respectively). Os isotopic and elemental data suggest the existence of mixing correlations. This relationship might be ascribed to secondary contamination processes; however, such a hypothesis cannot account for the negative correlation observed between Os and Nd isotopes and the existence of complementary covariations between Os and SrPb isotopes. In this case, OsSrNdPb isotopic variations are unrelated to late post-eruption or shallow level contamination. These relationships provide strong evidence that the Os isotopic composition of the samples are derived from the mantle and thus implies a global chemical heterogeneity of the oceanic upper mantle. The results are consistent with the presence of recycled oceanic crust in the mantle sources of mid-ocean ridge basalts, and indicate that the unique composition of the upper mantle below the Indian ocean results from its contamination by a mantle component characterized by radiogenic Os and particularly unradiogenic Nd and Pb isotopic compositions. 相似文献
105.
Assuming a radially stratified Newtonian mantle in a steady-state approximation, we demonstrate that the permeability of a viscosity interface at 660-km depth strongly depends on the wavelength of buoyancy forces driving the flow. The flow induced by long-wavelength loads penetrates through the boundary freely even if the viscosity increases by two orders. In contrast, the boundary is practically impermeable for short-wavelength loads located in the upper mantle. Thus, a stepwise increase of viscosity is a significant obstacle for small descending features in the upper mantle, but huge upper mantle downwellings, or upwellings formed in the-lower mantle can overcome it easily. This indicates that certain care is necessary in interpreting the seismic structure of the mantle by means of flow models. The global tomographic image includes only the first few degrees of the harmonic series and, consequently, its interpretation in terms of a present-day flow field results in a predominantly whole-mantle circulation even for extreme viscosity contrasts. 相似文献
106.
Crustal structure of Dabieshan orogenic belt 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Chunyong Wang Xiankang Zhang Buyun Chen Xuebo Chen Songyan Song Jinhan Zheng Hongxiang Hu Hai Lou 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》1997,40(5):456-462
The crustal structures ofP velocity and density on the deep seismic sounding profile across the Ilabieshan orogenic belt are presented. There is a 5-km-thick
crustal “root” between the Yuexi and Xiaotian where the elevation is highest on the profile. An apparent Moho offset of 4.
5 km beneath the Xiaotian-Mozitan fault marks the paleo-suture of the Triassic collision. A high-velocity anomaly zone at
the depth below 3 km beneath the ultra-high pressure (UHP) zone may be correlated to the higher content of UHP metamorphic
rocks.
Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Joint Earthquake Science Foundation. 相似文献
107.
Song-Yan Song Xue-Song Zhou Chun-Yong Wang Xian-Kang Zhang Jian-Li Song Yi Gong 《地震学报(英文版)》1997,10(1):15-25
On the basis of S wave information from Tai’an-Xinzhou DSS profile and with reference to the results from P-wave interpretation,
the 2-D structures, including S-wave velocity V
s, ratio γ between V
p and V
s; and Poisson’ s ratio σ, are calculated; the structural configuration of the profile is presented and the relevant inferences are drawn from the
above results. Upwarping mantle districts (V
s≈4.30 km/s) and sloping mantle districts (V
s≈4.50 km/s) of the profile with velocity difference about −4% at the top of upper mantle are divided according to the differences
of V
s, γ and σ in different media and structures, also with reference to the information of their neighbouring regions; the existence of
Niujiaqiao-Dongwang high-angle ultra-crustal fault zone is reaffirmed; the properties of low and high velocity blocks (zones)
including the crust-mantle transitionalzone and the boudary indicators of North China rift valley are discussed. A comprehensive
study is conducted on the relation of the interpretation results with earthquakes. It is concluded that the mantle upwarps,
thermal material upwells through the high-angle fault, the primary hypocenter was located at the crust-mantle juncture 30.0∼33.0
km deep, and additional stress excited the M
S=6.8 and M
S=7.2 earthquakes at specific locations around 9.0 km below Niujiaqiao-Dongwang, the earthquakes took place around the high-angle
ultra-crustal fault and centered in the brittle media and rock strata with low γ and low σ values.
This subject is part of the 85-907-02 key project during the “8th Five-Year Plan” from the State Science and Technology Commission. 相似文献
108.
Properties of wave velocity for two types of granitoids at high pressure and temperature and their geological meaning 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Shufeng Yang Hanlin Chen Jishuang Jiang Guoqiang Zhu Hongshen Xie Wei Hou Yueming Zhang Huigang Xu 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》1997,40(5):470-476
The wave velocity for two types of granitoids was measured using the analytic method of full-wave vibration at high pressure
and high temperature. The laws of velocity changes for them differ with the pressure boost and temperature rise, and the velocity
change of S-type is more violent than that of I-type. The “softening point” of compressional wave velocity (V μ) is also revealed
during the measurement for two types of granitoids imitating the pressure and temperature at a certain depth. But the depth
of “softening”, Vp after “softening” and the percentage of Vp’s drop around the “sofrening point” for two types of granitoids are obviously different. The depth of “softening” is 15 km
approximately and Vp after “softening” is 5.62 km/s for S-type granitoid. But for I-type granitoid the depth of “softening” is 26 km approximately
and Vp after “softening” is 6. 08 km/s. Through careful analysis of rock slices after the experiment, it was found that the “softening”
of elastic-wave velocity is caused by the partial melting of granite. Combined with the results of geophysical prospecting,
these results suggest that the low-velocity layers developing in the interior of Earth crust are related to thc partial melting
of different types of granitoids. The formation of the low-velocity layer in the upper-middle Earth crust is closely related
to the development of S-type granitoid, but that in the lower Earth crust is closely related to the development of I-type
granitoid. 相似文献
109.
110.
戚长谋 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》1997,(4)
基于岩浆铬矿床与超镁铁质岩石的关系,从元素亲合性和共生规律的角度揭示了铝对铬成矿制约的主导作用,分析了铝和铬亲石、亲氧的二重性及其晶体化学的依存关系。论证了超镁铁Si-O体系中铝丰度过高或过低均不利于铬的成矿。揭示了制约元素分散富集的因素都是在一定条件下互为依存和转化的,是在动态中的矛盾的对立和统一。 相似文献