基于pXRF的荞麦山铜多金属矿床元素富集规律研究

大数据技术在地学领域的应用越来越广泛,大数据思维为地学研究开辟了新的思路。从数据出发,以数据驱动模式去分析地质问题,在元素分布特征分析、矿床地化异常识别等方面较传统地学分析方法有着明显的优势。文章基于便携式X荧光分析仪（pXRF）测试的原位、无损、快捷、多元素分析等优点,对宣城矿集区内的荞麦山铜多金属矿床岩芯进行高密度的全数据原位采集,使用主成分分析（PCA）、多元逐步线性回归等方法进行量化分析。2种方法均表明,荞麦山铜多金属矿床中元素Mg、Ca、Mn、Co、As、Se、Ag、Hg、U和成矿元素Cu、Fe、S、W存在正相关关系;钻孔矿化和蚀变特征、铜硫矿石、钨矿石、石英砂岩均表现出不同的元素组合,特别是主成分综合得分（PCA）和第一主成分（PC1）元素对钻孔成矿区具有较好的指示效果;逐步多元线性回归分析进一步量化了元素富集规律,对成矿元素的拟合能够较好地与钻孔信息形成对应。因此,pXRF高密度的原位测量能够快速获取全面、准确的元素数据,分析结果能够直观反映荞麦山铜多金属矿床各元素的深度空间分布情况及量化相关关系,对深部地球化学特征的恢复和找矿提供帮助。     

鞍山—本溪地区太古宙结晶基底埋深

利用鞍山—本溪地区1∶20万重力资料及航磁资料、钻孔数据,结合实测岩石密度数据,采用地质剖面约束下的二维人机交互反演方法,完成了14条剖面的深部地质结构反演,确定了太古宙结晶基底的埋深。鞍山—本溪地区结晶基底的最大埋深约为4 500 m,在下辽河盆地埋深最大;埋深较浅的地区主要位于本溪市以南地区。推测在田师付镇和平顶山镇以南可能存在隐伏铁矿。     

溶剂浸渍滤纸的制备及其在X射线荧光光谱分析中的应用研究之三地质样品中微量锆铪的测定

报道了Ｐ５０７－ｐＭＢＰ溶剂浸渍滤纸（ＳＩＦＰ）的制备及其吸附性质；提出含微量Ｚｒ、Ｈｆ的岩矿样品经碱熔分解后用强阳离子交换树脂静态吸附分离大量干扰元素，再用Ｐ５０７－ＰＭＢＰＳＩＦＰ富集Ｚｒ与Ｈｆ，然后用ＸＲＦ光谱直接测定ＳＩＦＰ上Ｚｒ、Ｈｆ的方法；考察了阳离子交换树脂分离干扰元素的条件，以及在残留干扰元素存在下Ｐ５０７－ＰＭＢＰＳＩＦＰ对Ｚｒ、Ｈｆ的富集情况等；对分析误差的来源，样品分析的精密度，ＳＩＦＰ样片的稳定性等也进行了讨论；所拟方法经用ＧＳＲ及ＧＳＳ系列部分地质标准样品分析验证，其结果与推荐值符合。     

聚类分析法在地质样品分类中的应用研究

概述聚类分析及原理,通过题示内容的研究,包括测试样品,标准化数据,分类,获得适宜的样品聚类分析方法及建立了方法软件。该研究实验表明,采用聚类分析法对地质样品进行分类,效果较好。为开展Ｘ荧光定量分析及建立模式识别专家系统奠定了基础。     

A Comparison of In Situ Analytical Methods for Trace Element Measurement in Gold Samples from Various South African Gold Deposits

Trace element concentrations in gold grains from various geological units in South Africa were measured in situ by field emission‐electron probe microanalysis (FE‐EPMA), laser ablation‐inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS) and synchrotron micro X‐ray fluorescence spectroscopy (SR‐μ‐XRF). This study assesses the accuracy, precision and detection limits of these mostly non‐destructive analytical methods using certified reference materials and discusses their application in natural sample measurement. FE‐EPMA point analyses yielded reproducible and discernible concentrations for Au and trace concentrations of S, Cu, Ti, Hg, Fe and Ni, with detection limits well below the actual concentrations in the gold. LA‐ICP‐MS analyses required larger gold particles (> 60 μm) to avoid contamination during measurement. Elements that measured above detection limits included Ag, Cu, Ti, Fe, Pt, Pd, Mn, Cr, Ni, Sn, Hg, Pb, As and Te, which can be used for geochemical characterisation and gold fingerprinting. Although LA‐ICP‐MS measurements had lower detection limits, precision was lower than FE‐EPMA and SR‐μ‐XRF. The higher variability in absolute values measured by LA‐ICP‐MS, possibly due to micro‐inclusions, had to be critically assessed. Non‐destructive point analyses of gold alloys by SR‐μ‐XRF revealed Ag, Fe, Cu, Ni, Pb, Ti, Sb, U, Cr, Co, As, Y and Zr in the various gold samples. Detection limits were mostly lower than those for elements measured by FE‐EPMA, but higher than those for elements measured by LA‐ICP‐MS.     

Neutron Activation Analysis, Atomic Absorption and X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry Review for 2004–2005

These technologically mature techniques occupied a stable to modestly increasing sector of the spectrum of analytical methods in Earth and environmental sciences in 2004–5. Despite this, several notable advances were reported in this two year period. In the field of X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, these included the development of portable synchrotron and total reflection instruments, the use of pyroelectric crystals as X-ray generators, introduction of high-purity Ge detector arrays, and the development of an XRF imaging spectrometer with the capability of mapping analytes and X-ray intensity ratio. Atomic absorption s spectrometry saw major work published on high-resolution continuum source AAS (HR-CS AAS) involving the development of a xenon short-arc lamp. Other advances included the use of laser wave mixing in a graphite furnace tube (with a claimed detection limit of 10–¹⁶ g g-¹), solid sampling and ultrasound in sample preparation. Neutron activation analysis saw two innovations that may herald future growth in this technique, namely a neutron source free of a nuclear reactor and a detector operating at room temperature.     

多参数X荧光测量现场地球化学勘查金矿技术研究与应用

两种微机化携带式Ｘ荧光仪器已经研制成功,它们可以在现场同时测量２至６个元素,获得勘查金矿的多种参数。将Ｘ荧光测量原理与金矿地球化学理论相结合,本文建立了多参数Ｘ荧光测量现场勘查金矿技术。这种技术由携带式Ｘ荧光仪器多元素测试技术,资料整理与异常评价方法构成。由于现场Ｘ荧光测量不仅捕获金的地球化学指示元素,也获取构造与蚀变信息,大大提高了找矿的成功率。     

致密油分布的沉积相控作用分析:以齐家地区高台子油层为例

为了找出齐家地区高台子油层致密油分布的控制因素,通过精细的沉积解剖特征研究,认为齐家地区高三、高四油层组沉积相为浅水三角洲相,由北向南依次发育三角洲平原-三角洲前缘-前三角洲亚相,基准面下降期间伴随多次小规模的湖进造成三角洲外前缘与前三角洲泥,三角洲内前缘前端与三角洲外前缘泥岩呈多期迭加分布,给源内致密油提供了源储匹配的前提。其次,分析了沉积相对致密储层、优质生油层及两者匹配关系这"三大条件"的控制作用,指出齐家地区存在两种致密油藏:三角洲内前缘前端远砂坝致密油藏和三角洲外前缘席状砂致密油藏。通过比较"三大条件"的优劣程度,认为前者储层条件、烃源岩条件及源储匹配较好,是本区最重要的致密油藏类型。最后指出齐家南部外前缘前端远砂坝微相是下一步致密油勘探的最有利微相。     

Compositional data analysis of Holocene sediments from the West Bengal Sundarbans,India: Geochemical proxies for grain-size variability in a delta environment

This paper is part of a special issue of Applied Geochemistry focusing on reliable applications of compositional multivariate statistical methods. This study outlines the application of compositional data analysis (CoDa) to calibration of geochemical data and multivariate statistical modelling of geochemistry and grain-size data from a set of Holocene sedimentary cores from the Ganges-Brahmaputra (G-B) delta. Over the last two decades, understanding near-continuous records of sedimentary sequences has required the use of core-scanning X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry, for both terrestrial and marine sedimentary sequences. Initial XRF data are generally unusable in ‘raw-format’, requiring data processing in order to remove instrument bias, as well as informed sequence interpretation. The applicability of these conventional calibration equations to core-scanning XRF data are further limited by the constraints posed by unknown measurement geometry and specimen homogeneity, as well as matrix effects. Log-ratio based calibration schemes have been developed and applied to clastic sedimentary sequences focusing mainly on energy dispersive-XRF (ED-XRF) core-scanning. This study has applied high resolution core-scanning XRF to Holocene sedimentary sequences from the tidal-dominated Indian Sundarbans, (Ganges-Brahmaputra delta plain). The Log-Ratio Calibration Equation (LRCE) was applied to a sub-set of core-scan and conventional ED-XRF data to quantify elemental composition. This provides a robust calibration scheme using reduced major axis regression of log-ratio transformed geochemical data. Through partial least squares (PLS) modelling of geochemical and grain-size data, it is possible to derive robust proxy information for the Sundarbans depositional environment. The application of these techniques to Holocene sedimentary data offers an improved methodological framework for unravelling Holocene sedimentation patterns.     

Assessment of heavy metal contamination in soils around Manali industrial area, Chennai, Southern India

The concentrations of heavy metals (As, Ba, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Mo, Pb, Sr, V and Zn) were studied in soils to understand metal contamination due to industrialization and urbanization around Manali industrial area in Chennai, Southern India. This area is affected by the industrial activity and saturated by industries like petrochemicals, refineries, and fertilizers generating hazardous wastes. The contamination of the soils was assessed on the basis of geoaccumulation index, enrichment factor (EF), contamination factor and degree of contamination. Soil samples were collected from the industrial area of Manali from the top 10-cm-layer of the soil. Soil samples were analyzed for heavy metals by using Philips MagiX PRO-2440 Wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. The data revealed elevated concentrations of Chromium (149.8–418.0 mg/kg), Copper (22.4–372.0 mg/kg), Nickel (11.8–78.8 mg/kg), Zinc (63.5–213.6 mg/kg) and Molybdenum (2.3–15.3 mg/kg). The concentrations of other elements were similar to the levels in the earth’s crust or pointed to metal depletion in the soil (EF < 1). The high-EFs for some heavy metals obtained in the soil samples show that there is a considerable heavy metal pollution, which could be correlated with the industries in the area. Contamination sites pose significant environmental hazards for terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. They are important sources of pollution and may result in ecotoxicological effects on terrestrial, groundwater and aquatic ecosystems. In this perspective there is need for a safe dumping of waste disposal in order to minimize environmental pollution.