X荧光分析仪在新疆某地的应用

介绍新一代X射线荧光分析仪在新疆某地的勘查应用,并采用几种方法对基体效应、湿度效应、不平度效应进行效正。该仪器可同时显示20余种元素的含量,测试结果证明,X荧光技术是一种快速、经济、有效的方法。     

同步辐射X射线微探针研究宝石矿物成色与某些微量元素的关系

利用北京正负电子对撞机（ＢＥＰＣ）提供的同步辐射（ＳＲ）白光为激发源（束斑尺寸１００μｍ×１００μｍ，计数时间１００ｓ／点），研究了蓝宝石、红宝石、紫晶、祖母绿的天然、加工和合成品的微量元素成分，对于鉴别宝石提供了有益的信息。     

新一代手提式多元素X荧光仪在地质普查中的应用

现场X射线荧光分析的主要影响因素是基体效应，湿度效应和不平度效应等。基于室内、野外大量实验，结合软件技术，在新一代手提式元素X荧光仪中，综合运用强度影响系数法、特散比及经验系数法，使多元素现场X荧光快速分析技术取得实用性进展。地质大调查中，在样品多元快速测试，野外土壤、岩石的原位分析，异常追索查证等方面的应用，充分体现出轻便、快速、高效、低投入的效果。     

腾格里沙漠昂格尔图湖记录的988 AD以来的古气候变化

通过对腾格里沙漠东南部昂格尔图湖岩芯AGE15A的粒度、碳酸盐的百分含量和主要化学元素等多项沉积学气候代用指标及精确定年的综合分析,重建了该区域988 AD以来的古气候变化序列。结果表明：988 AD以来的研究区的气候环境的演化过程与我国西北西风区古气候变化基本一致,呈现"冷湿-暖干"交替变化的特征,但在时间上存在一定的延迟。具体表现为：988~1383 AD,昂格尔图湖由洼地发育成小型湖泊,化学风化作用弱,湖区气候环境整体偏冷湿,期间出现几次暖波动;1383~1560 AD,研究区处在中世纪暖期,为温暖、干旱的气候特征,此时湖泊扩张,湖中水生植物生长茂盛,呼吸作用增强,造成大量的碳酸盐沉淀,最高值达到8.16%;1560~1700 AD,致使气候在昂格尔图湖形成之后出现最寒冷的时期,降水增加,气候湿冷,此时段与小冰期最盛期相对应;1700 AD之后,温度开始上升,气候回暖,在1900 AD左右达到最甚,此时沉积物中碳酸盐的百分含量也达到最大值,为10.15%,此期间湖泊继续扩张,出现几次气候冷波动。基于我国古代文献重建的历史时期气候变化基本不包括沙漠地区,所以本文利用湖相沉积记录来反演腾格里沙漠昂格尔图湖历史时期的气候环境演变,对中国沙漠研究有着重要参考价值,同时也为中国西北历史时期的气候重建提供科学依据。     

金在热液流体中存在形式的讨论——“纳米效应”在成矿理论中的应用

热液作用是金矿化中极其重要的机制,金在热液中的存在形式具有十分重要的地质意义。自然界中金元素主要呈金属态存在,而且其粒度极为细小,在自然环境中几乎没有化学反应能将其离解成离子状态,人工合成的金络合物在地质环境中基本未被发现,说明金难以以络合物的形式存在于热液中。根据许多地质现象及"纳米效应"推断金在热液中可能主要呈金属态存在。     

桐柏-商城地区金矿类型

本文将桐柏-商城地区金矿床划分为三种类型,即产于含碳泥质变质岩系中的岩浆热液型金矿床、产于花岗岩中的岩浆热液型金矿床和剪切带型主矿床,并分别论述了各类型主矿床特征及成矿条件。指出含碳泥质陆屑碎屑-碳酸盐岩夹火山沉积合金建造是区内主要含金建造,它为金矿成矿提供物质来源,金矿找矿工作的重点应放在这套合金建造的分布地段。     

The petrology and geochemistry of intrusive alkaline rocks of Elchuru,Prakasam District,Andhra Pradesh,India

The Elchuru alkaline igneous intrusion is an arcuate-shaped ring complex, approximately 16 km² in area, cropping out in the Eastern Ghats high grade metamorphic series. It is part of an alkaline province composed of a number of intrusions which range from ijolite-melteigite to alkali gabbro (viz. malignite, melalusitanite, shonkinite) and then to hypersolvus nepheline syenite followed by subsolvus nepheline syenite. The complex is cut by late lamprophyric dykes. A nephelinized alkaline gneiss, within the investigated complex, is the only deformed rock type and is regarded as an older unit not related to the comagmatic series. The remainder of the complex was emplaced post-tectonically. Sovitic carbonatite is a conspicuous Iithologic unit associated with the complex. Chemical analyses of 19 selected samples for 13 major oxides and 5 trace elements (Rb, Ba, Sr, Zr and Nb) are presented to establish a geochemical model for the investigated complex. The mineralogy, petrography and geochemistry of the rocks of the Elchuru Alkaline Complex suggest that it was formed by differentiation of an initially alkali-rich ijolitic magma as reflected in the crystallization of nepheline, kaersutitic amphibole and alkali feldspar. With progressive increase in alkali feldspar content (volume percentage) the ijolite passes to malignite and then nepheline syenites. Amphibole shows sodic enrichment from a dominant calcic variety. Pyroxene, likewise, shows sodic enrichment following the scheme salite-ferrosalite to aegirine-augite. The igneous cycle closes with the intrusion of biotite lamprophyre. There is a systematic increase in total alkalies (Na₂O+K₂O) and decrease in CaO from the early mafic rocks to the syenitic rocks. The alkali-lime index of the complex is 48 indicating its strongly alkaline nature (Peacock 1931), and they are miaskitic in character (agpaicity index <1, Currie 1976). Such miaskitic complexes are associated with carbonatites (Heinrich 1966).     

江西银山火山岩型铜、金多金属矿床成矿特点

江西银山铜、金多金属矿床的矿化紧紧围绕多个中心呈有规律地分布,成矿物质既由岩浆从地壳深部带来,又部分来自基底围岩;成矿作用既受燕山期火山机构控制,也受基底构造控制;矿化具有多个中心复合叠加分带的特点,是一个典型的地洼型多因复成矿床。     

类太阳活动恒星表面黑子结构的多普勒成像(Ⅰ)：技术

回顾了恒星表面结构多普勒成像研究工作的发展历史,重点评述了该项技术在类太阳活动恒星研究领域的应用。介绍了该项技术在国际上的发展现状,给出了恒星表面黑子结构形态的多普勒成像技术的基本原理,讨论了该项技术对观测仪器、观测过程和观测对象的要求,并对未来这一领域的研究工作进行了展望。     

Is X‐ray core scanning non‐destructive? Assessing the implications for optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating of sediments

Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating is widely used to date clastic deposits, including those collected by coring. X‐ray scanning of cores has become popular because of the rapidly acquired, high‐resolution information it gives about optical, radiographic and elemental variations. Additionally, X‐ray scanning is widely viewed as a non‐destructive method. However, such instruments use an intense X‐ray beam that irradiates the split core to enable both X‐radiographic and X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis. This irradiation will influence the optically stimulated luminescence signal in the sediments. This study determines the radiation dose delivered to sediments in a core during an X‐ray scan, and assesses the implications for studies wishing to combine X‐ray scanning and OSL dating. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.