岩石破裂扩展过程中的声发射b值动态特征及意义

利用多道声发射（ＡＥ）采集系统记录了不同构造的岩石试件变形破坏过程中的ＡＥ全波形，由扫描算法求得试件变形全过程的ＡＥｂ值动态曲线；根据变化幅度和演化方式，将ＡＥｂ值曲线分为山脊线状和台阶状两类；经与应力－应变时程曲线及试件破裂特征对比，发现山脊线状和台阶状ＡＥｂ值曲线分别对应于较均匀岩石试件的渐进式稳态破裂扩展和含扁平状非均匀构造岩石试件的突发式失稳破裂扩展，后者的破裂状态及其转变可用破裂相和相变来描述     

室内构造变形物理场观测系统的设计与实施

建立一个完整配套的室内地震预报实验场观测系统是深入进行地震预报理论研究，提高物理预报准确率，检验各种预报方法的重要手段。为此，设计试制了一套多通道、高分辨率、宽动态、宽频带的数字化实验观测系统。该系统可以联接多种传感器，用于多参数物理场的同步动态观测     

地震前异常的阶段性及其空间分布特征

将岩石变形曲线到达强度点以前比拟为地震前异常的中长期阶段，强度点至失稳点之间定义为短临阶段。在中长期阶段异常是由驱动力的增强或区域应力场的调整引起，前者引起的应力扰动场与原来的方向一致，强烈扰动区与原来的应力集中区一致，后者引起的应力扰动场应力方向可以发生变化，应力扰动对平均应力影响较大，强烈扰动区位于断层错列部位。二者的强烈扰动场均与未来的震源区无必然联系。在短临阶段异常是由局部断层扩展或弱化引起，与之相伴的是平均应力扰动场的四象限分布和最大剪应力扰动场的八瓣式分布     

Forty‐Nine Major and Trace Element Concentrations Measured in Soil Reference Materials NIST SRM 2586, 2587, 2709a, 2710a and 2711a Using ICP‐MS and Wavelength Dispersive‐XRF

Excellent agreement was noted in the concentration of major and trace elements in five NIST (National Institute for Science and Technology) soil reference materials (NIST SRM 2586, 2587, 2709a, 2710a and 2711a) between measurement results from wavelength dispersive‐XRF and ICP‐MS from two independent laboratories, and NIST certificate of analysis and literature data. We describe the variability in concentrations of up to forty‐nine elements (plus loss on ignition) and provide values for up to twenty‐one elements previously uncharacterised by NIST in these soil RMs. The additional characterisation provided in this investigation can be utilised to reduce the measurement bias of custom calibration routines and improve the quality of control checks developed using these NIST RMs.     

Quaternary fossil fauna from the Luangwa Valley,Zambia

This paper describes a large collection of Quaternary fossil fauna from the Luangwa Rift Valley, Zambia. Stone Age artefacts have been recovered from stratified fluvial contexts, but no in situ fossil faunas have yet been recovered. We report on 500 fossil specimens collected from the surface of point bars exposed seasonally along the banks of the main Luangwa River channel. We used non‐destructive X‐ray fluorescence analysis of the fossils' chemical signatures to determine whether they derive from one or many primary contexts, and the relationship between chemical signature and state of preservation. Specimens are identified to taxon (genus) to reconstruct palaeoenvironments and biochronology. A relatively wide range of taxa is identified, including a fossil hominin talus, described here. None of the fossils is positively attributable to extinct species, except a femur of an extinct Theropithecus reported in 2003. Although no additional extinct taxa were identified, some of the remains were attributable to genera that are not currently found in this region. The results suggest that most of the assemblage derives from sediments which are Middle Pleistocene or later, and that past environments in the Luangwa Valley may have differed from the habitat availability found today.     

应用X射线衍射-红外光谱等技术研究滑石在机械力研磨中的形貌和晶体结构变化及影响机制

滑石的颗粒粒径、形貌、晶型等对其应用的实效性、终端产品的性能产生极大影响,目前主要研究其表面改性,而有关微观形貌及晶体结构研究较少。本文利用X射线荧光光谱、X射线衍射分析、红外光谱、粒度分析仪结合高分辨场发射扫描电镜(FE-SEM)技术对辽宁滑石粉在高强度机械力研磨作用下的微形貌和晶体结构变化特征进行系统研究。结果表明滑石粉原矿混合物中MgO与SiO2的分子个数比约为0.45,该数值明显低于纯滑石粉晶体中MgO与SiO2的分子个数比0.75。此类滑石为典型的单斜晶系,研磨作用使滑石粉由晶态转变为非晶态结构,其层状结构的有序化和键合作用发生了明显的变化。滑石粒度随研磨时间变化呈现减小-增大-减小的循环过程。研磨后粉体形貌存在差异,细化的小颗粒粉体因团聚而呈"准球体",且随着研磨的进行出现细化-团聚-细化的反复过程。此结论对于滑石的深加工与应用及其相关矿物粉体的研究具有一定的参考价值。     

内蒙古白云鄂博上石炭—下二叠统阿木山组碎屑锆石年代学特征及其地质意义

内蒙古白云鄂博地区阿木山组砂岩的碎屑锆石LA—ICP—MS U—Pb同位素年代学分析结果显示,早二叠世阿木山组的碎屑锆石主要由古生代(354~479 Ma)和元古宙(934~1 941 Ma)及少量的古元古—新太古代(2 330~2 688 Ma)碎屑锆石组成。结合该组模式剖面的实测和?蜓化石再研究,笔者认为,阿木山组含934~1 941 Ma碎屑锆石的砂岩物源来自于佳蒙地块,而非华北板块;含有Sphaeroschwagerina化石带的阿木山组应当属于佳蒙地块的大陆边缘沉积。这一认识对于研究西拉木伦河缝合带和古亚洲洋的构造演化、以及将内蒙古草原—松花江地层区划归佳蒙地层大区等具有重要意义。     

一种改进的X荧光分析基体效应校正方法及软件实现

在能量色散 Ｘ 荧光谱分析中,使用罗兹方程法校正基体效应,存在一定的局限性。为了获得最佳校正效果,本文提出了一种改进的基体效应校正法。该法是以罗兹方程为基础,在校正模型中引入特散比,并加强待校正元素在模型中作用的一种经验系数法。为了能够快速地对地质样品进行批量分析,在 Ｗ ｉｎｄｏｗ ｓ９８ 平台上,运用 Ｖ Ｃ＋ ＋ ５．０ 工具编制了分析软件,由其完成全部校正分析过程。     

锶矿X荧光勘查技术研究与应用

研究了找锶矿的Ｘ荧光勘查技术,包括：野外Ｘ荧光测量、数据处理、成果图编制方法,以及异常评价模式。应用该技术在四川大足、渠县等地寻找隐伏锶矿中取得良好效果。     

便携式X射线荧光元素分析仪的应用

利用NITON XL3t 500型便携式X射线荧光光谱仪,选择云南会泽县金牛厂铅锌矿区进行样品分析条件试验.试验中分别对实验室分析与X射线荧光光谱仪分析结果,以及不同湿度条件下分析结果进行了对比研究,确定了最佳的应用条件.结果表明,实验室分析与X射线荧光光谱仪分析结果相近,但湿度因素会降低元素含量.所以应用便携式X荧光光谱仪进行试验不失为一种方便快捷和行之有效的方法.