Spectral analysis of quasi-stationary sea surface topography from GRACE mission

The mean sea surface height (MSSH) refers to the average of the long-term sea height. The quasi-sea surface topography (QSST) is usually defined as the height difference between the MSSH and the geoid. As to 100 years of time yardstick of geodesy, the time that satellite altimetry data sets spanned is relatively shorter, in this paper, the QSST refers to the residual sea surface height (RSSH) that shows the height dif-ference between MSSH derived from altimetry and the geoid[1]. As w…     

TY01和O02两种海面空气动力粗糙度方案的比较

本文采用美国国家浮标站(44008)2003年1～3月的资料，通过COARE算法(版本2．6b)，比较了O02和TY01这两种海面空气动力粗糙度长度的参数化方案。通过对摩擦速度、拖曳系数、海面粗糙度及风应力等物理因子的计算得出：在粗糙的海面上，TY01和O02两种参数化方案的计算结果是比较一致的。在考虑浪的信息方面，TY01和O02都是很好的参数化方案．它们都可以适用于不同的风速条件，适用于各种尺度的海洋及湖泊。但是这两种方案在处理幼波时存在不连续的缺点。并且，对于风速较小的光滑海面，尽管它们计算的结果较一致，但是仍然存在偏差。据此，本文的结果对于理论分析和数值计算如何正确使用上述两种海面空气动力粗糙度参数化方案，可提供必要的参考价值。     

东海外陆架EA01孔末次冰期最盛期的三角洲沉积

对东海 EA 0 1孔 (30°2 2 .96 15′ N、 12 5°4 5 .6 0 5 5′ E)岩心的沉积层序、粒度成分、沉积物年代、底栖有孔虫组合及其沉积环境的研究 ,揭示了东海外陆架末次冰期最盛期的三角洲沉积。钻孔 0 .36～ 2 9.6 5 m为一不完整的进积三角洲沉积层序 ,自下而上依次为前三角洲、河口沙坝和分流间湾的交替沉积 ;末次冰期三角洲的发育 ,表明了冰期低海面时期外陆架上的继承性沉降盆地仍被海水覆盖 ;盆地的区域沉降与海平面的共同作用形成了容纳沉积物的有效空间 ,捕获了河流带来的沉积物而形成三角洲 ,这是河流对海平面变化和构造下沉的响应 ,同时也反映了冰期陆架环境的多样性     

基于2种夜间灯光影像亮度修正指数的城市建成区提取研究

夜间灯光影像容易受到道路灯光、水面散射等影响而产生背景噪声,这一定程度上影响了利用夜间灯光数据提取建成区的精度。本文基于夜间灯光影像的DN（Digital Number）值与路网密度正相关、与EVI指数（Enhanced Vegetation Index,增强型植被指数）呈负相关的规律,提出了2种可用于建成区提取的夜间灯光亮度修正指数：EVI夜间灯光亮度修正指数EANI (EVI Adjusted Nighttime Light(NTL) Index)和基于道路网密度与EVI指数的夜间灯光亮度修正指数REANI (Road Density & EVI Adjusted NTL Index),并利用珞珈1号卫星（LJ1-01,分辨率约130 m）影像和NPP-VIIRS影像（分辨率约 500 m） 2种不同空间分辨率夜间灯光遥感影像进行验证。以2018年徐州市建成区为研究对象,分区域（主城区、外围区）利用阈值法对2种原始夜间灯光影像、经EANI指数和REANI指数处理后的影像进行建成区提取,得到6种建成区提取的结果。研究表明： ① EANI指数和REANI指数能够有效抑制夜间灯光影像的背景噪声,建成区提取的结果均优于直接利用原始影像的结果,特别是对于城市化水平较低地区的建成区提取效果更佳;② 相较于NPP-VIIRS影像,利用LJ1-01影像提取建成区的效果提高6%左右,说明我国的LJ1-01夜间灯光影像在建成区提取方面有广阔的应用前景。EANI和REANI为建成区提取提供了有效工具,并可应用于城市规划和城市扩张等研究领域。     

深井热水开采对豫01井水位影响的探讨

河南省濮阳地区地下热水的开采对处于同水层的地震观测井—豫01井水位观测产生了严重的干扰影响。豫01井水位自1996年9月出现下降变化以来,其水位动态一直受到大家的关注。十几年来,地震界专家学者对有可能影响该井水位动态的诸多因素逐一进行了追踪研究。认为豫01井自1996年9月至今水位变化与中原油田抽水、注水、采油无关;其...     

新生代透长石SK01作为39Ar-40Ar法定年标准物质的均匀性检验

39Ar-40Ar法定年分析过程中,对标准物质的需求有两个特点,一是需要将被测样品和年龄已知的标准样品同时放在核反应堆中进行快中子照射,标准样品的年龄直接参与被测样品年龄的计算;二是标准样品作为39 Ar-40 Ar法定年中的标尺,要求其年龄和被测样品年龄不宜相差太远,因此需要研制具有不同年龄值的标准物质用于分析不同时代地质样品.本文在研制新生代地质样品39 Ar-40 Ar定年标准物质过程中,通过综合研究,选定了可可西里风火山超浅成石英斑岩中的透长石SK01作为候选标准矿物,按照规定对其39 Ar-40Ar年龄值(特性量值)进行均匀性检验.统计结果显示,特性量值的F值为0.857,小于F临界值2.08,相对标准偏差为0.66％,远小于规定的5％范围,证明本批样品的均匀性良好,符合国家一级标准物质技术规范(JJG 1006-94)要求.模拟运输过程进行颠震试验,试验结果F值为0.00697,远小于F临界值6.59,其相对标准偏差为0.58％,远小于规定的5％范围,证明样品在运输过程中颠震对其均匀性无影响.最小取样量试验表明,在目前的实验条件水平下,为保证标准物质作为准确的年龄标尺的作用,透长石SK01的39 Ar-40 Ar年龄标准物质最小取样量为5 mg.综合检验结果表明,本批所选的新生代透长石SK01样品的均匀性良好,可以用于39Ar-40Ar年龄标准物质的定值分析.     

Interaction between Chlorella vulgaris and bacteria：interference and resource competition

Research of interaction mechanism between Chlorella vulgaris and two bacterial strains(Z-QD08 and Z-QS01)were conducted under laboratory conditions.Growth rates of bacteria and C.vulgaris were tested under co-culture conditions to evaluate the effects of concentrations of C.vulgaris and bacteria on their interactions.To test whether the availability of inorganic nutrients,vitamins and trace metals affects the interactions between C.vulgaris and bacteria,experiments were performed with or without the culture medium filtrate of C.vulgaris or bacteria.The results showed that the growth of C.vulgaris was promoted at low concentrations of bacteria(5×106cells/ml),and expressed a positive correlation with the bacteria density,whereas opposite trend was observed for treatments with high bacteria density(10×106cells/ml and 20×106cells/ml).The growth rate of bacteria decreased with the increasing concentrations of C.vulgaris.The growth of bacteria Z-QD08 was inhibited by C.vulgaris through interference competition,while the mechanism for interaction between bacteria Z-QS01 and C.vulgaris was resource competition.The influence of cell density on the interaction between microalgae and bacteria was also discussed.These experiments confirm some elements of published theory on interactions between heterotrophic bacteria and microalgae and suggest that heterotrophic bacteria play an important role in the development of blooms in natural waters.     

多型航空重力仪同机测试及其数据分析

介绍了运8飞机加装4型5套航空重力仪开展同机测试的整体情况,对5套重力仪所获取的重复线和测网成果数据进行了对比分析。试验结果表明,俄罗斯GT-1A航空重力仪具有最佳的综合性能技术指标,平差前测量精度为±2.45mGal;美国TAGS航空重力仪为其次,平差前测量精度为±3.9mGal;SII型船载海空重力仪可改造升级为航空重力仪,并具有与TAGS同等的综合性能技术指标;国内自主研发的SGA-WZ01捷联航空重力仪具有最佳的重复线测量精度,测网精度接近于GT-1A航空重力仪水平,平差前测量精度为±2.96mGal,另一款自主研制的GDP-1重力仪首次成功实现了航空重力测量功能,平差前测量精度为±4.52mGal。     

A casting procedure for reproducing coarse‐grained sedimentary surfaces

In the ?eld, the measurement of near‐bed hydraulics remains problematic. Greater precision is possible in the laboratory, but, in the case of gravels, it is dif?cult to create a water‐worked channel‐bed that is realistic enough to replicate faithfully the conditions found in nature. In this paper, a technique to reproduce coarse‐grained sedimentary fabrics of large areal extent is described. It involves moulding natural river‐bed surfaces from which facsimiles are cast. Remarkably realistic casts with dimensions of 1 m by 2 m have been produced and their quality assessed using spatial data derived using automated digital photogrammetry. The casts reproduce the prototype surfaces with errors at millimetre scale (0·5 per cent of the microrelief). The technique has facilitated the introduction of sedimentary surfaces that incorporate natural, complex structures of grains up to cobble size into experimental channels where detailed studies of near‐bed hydraulics can be carried out. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Interchannel hydraulic geometry and hydraulic efficiency of the anastomosing Columbia River,southeastern British Columbia,Canada

The morphodynamics of the anastomosing channel system of upper Columbia River in southeastern British Columbia, Canada, is examined using an adaptation of conventional hydraulic geometry termed ‘interchannel hydraulic geometry’. Interchannel hydraulic geometry has some of the characteristics of downstream hydraulic geometry but differs in that it describes the general bankfull channel form and hydraulics of primary and secondary channels in the anastomosing channel system. Interchannel hydraulic geometry generalizes these relationships and as such becomes a model of the geomorphology of channel division and combination. Interchannel hydraulic geometry of upper Columbia River, based on ?eld measurements of ?ow velocity and channel form at 16 test sections, is described well by simple power functions: w_bf = 3·24Q_bf^0·64; d_bf = 1·04Q_bf^0·19; v_bf = 0·30Q_bf^0·17. These results, with other related measurements of ?ow resistance, imply that channel splitting leads to hydraulic inef?ciency (higher ?ow resistance) on the anastomosing Columbia River. Because these ?ndings differ from those reported in studies elsewhere, we conclude that hydraulic ef?ciency does not provide a general explanation for anabranching in river channels. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.