330硅质断裂带变形特征及其与铀成矿作用的关系

本文从应力矿物、岩石组构、古应力估算及构造地球化学等方面对330产铀硅质断裂带的形成环境、发展演化及变形机制作了初步分析,并讨论了它们与铀成矿作用的关系。通过构造岩及石英、云母的微观研究,认为本断裂带经历了韧性—脆性—脆韧性—脆性的交替变换变形过程。韧性变形具有波状消光、变形纹、流动构造、B+S构造岩等显微构造和组构特征。据重结晶晶粒粒径测定,其差异应力平均值为0.5干巴。脆性变形与韧性变形明显不同,表现出破裂构造和角砾岩类发育,可见吕对尔线和石英沙钟构造以及S构造岩或均质组构等特点。早期韧性变形阶段形成的糜棱岩是一种富硅岩石,硅除主要来自后来的热液外,也来自原岩的动力分异和动热变质作用。韧性变形阶段之后接着是脆性变形阶段,岩石产生破裂构造,充填了早期脉体。成矿作用主要发生在形成碎裂糜棱岩的脆韧性变形阶段,此时的含矿断裂带是一个半开放系统,成矿的地质环境是:温度200—300℃,差异应力0.5干巴,区域差应力0.5干巴,深度1—2公里,基本上属低温浅成环境。     

A bound for the Euclidean norm of the difference between the best linear unbiased estimator and a linear unbiased estimator

 A bound is established for the Euclidean norm of the difference between the best linear unbiased estimator and any linear unbiased estimator in the general linear model. The bound involves the spectral norm of the difference between the dispersion matrices of the two estimators, and the residual sum of squares, all evaluated at the assumed model, but is independent of the provenance of the observation vector at hand. The bound, a straightforward consequence of first principles in Gauss–Markov theory, generalizes previous results on the difference between the best linear unbiased estimator and the ordinary least-squares estimator. In a numerical example from repeated precise levelling, the bound is used to analyse the sensitivity of estimates of vertical motion to the choice of estimator. Received: 9 September 1999 / Accepted: 15 March 2002     

水准标志沉降的分析计算

地面荷载的变化，引起了垂直附加应力的变化，通过弹性理论中应变应力的关系，确定了水准标志沉降量的积分表达式，并用梯形法近似地求出。同时，进行了误差估计。     

Linear combinations of order statistics to estimate the position and scale parameters of the Generalized Pareto distribution

 Ad hoc techniques for estimating the position and the scale parameters of the Generalized Pareto distribution are introduced. The estimators proposed are simple linear combinations of the order statistics: they provide valuable estimates of the parameters of interest, both when the shape parameter is known and when it is unknown (this latter case being of great relevance in practical applications), and show a good performance as well when the sample size is small. The procedures are tested on simulated data, and comparisons with other techniques are shown.     

基于Helmert方差分量估计的Vondrak滤波方法

从基于Helmert方差分量估计的Vondrak滤波方法（简称HVF法）的基本假设入手,介绍HVF方法,该方法能够在未知拟合函数的情况下,通过自动选择合理的平滑因子控制数据平滑的程度,对时序数据序列进行合理平滑,最大限度地削弱数据序列中的随机误差,将信号与噪声合理分离。     

采用设计数据计算房产面积的探讨

房产面积的测算,在很多情况下采用设计图纸上的尺寸进行相应的计算。但由于施工控制网误差、放样误差、施工误差等的综合影响,导致了实际房子的尺寸与设计的理论数据有差异,从而使得算得的房产面积与实际的不符。这种差异或者说误差能达到什么样的数量级?对面积计算的影响有多大?本文分析了这些差异即误差的一般规律,对依据设计数据所计算的房产面积精度进行了探讨。     

多孔介质中两相可压缩可混溶驱动的GALERKIN方法

多孔介质中两相可压缩可混溶驱动问题由一对耦合的非线性方程来描述.Douglas在忽略弥散效应的情况下,讨论了该方程的半离散Galerkin求解方法,并得到了解的最优的L2模误差估计.文章讨论了在考虑弥散效应的情况下该方程的半离散Galerkin方法,并得到了饱和度方程解的最优L2模误差估计.     

Seismic fragilities of single-column highway bridges with rocking column-footing

Rocking isolation has been increasingly studied as a promising design concept to limit the earthquake damage of civil structures. Despite the difficulties and uncertainties of predicting the rocking response under individual earthquake excitations (due to negative rotational stiffness and complex impact energy loss), in a statistical sense, the seismic performance of rocking structures has been shown to be generally consistent with the experimental outcomes. To this end, this study assesses, in a probabilistic manner, the effectiveness of using rocking isolation as a retrofit strategy for single-column concrete box-girder highway bridges in California. Under earthquake excitation, the rocking bridge could experience multi-class responses (eg, full contacted or uplifting foundation) and multi-mode damage (eg, overturning, uplift impact, and column nonlinearity). A multi-step machine learning framework is developed to estimate the damage probability associated with each damage scenario. The framework consists of the dimensionally consistent generalized linear model for regression of seismic demand, the logistic regression for classification of distinct response classes, and the stepwise regression for feature selection of significant ground motion and structural parameters. Fragility curves are derived to predict the response class probabilities of rocking uplift and overturning, and the conditional damage probabilities such as column vibrational damage and rocking uplift impact damage. The fragility estimates of rocking bridges are compared with those for as-built bridges, indicating that rocking isolation is capable of reducing column damage potential. Additionally, there exists an optimal slenderness angle range that enables the studied bridges to experience much lower overturning tendencies and significantly reduced column damage probabilities at the same time.     

天气雷达定量降水估测不同校准方法的比较与应用

利用天气雷达联合地面雨量计定量降水估测的局地平均校准法和局地分级平均校准法,分布估计2012年7月21日20:00至22日01:00 BT重庆市荣昌县及附近的降水。结果表明,局地分级平均校准法较局地平均校准法对强降水的估测效果好,同时两种方法的降水估测效果均与所取的局地校准半径大小有关。对降水分布及洪水灾情的分析表明,降水分布与河网的结合是进行中小河流洪水气象风险预报的重要着眼点。     

遥感技术的线状地物宽度估算方法

以华北某省的小麦产区为例,通过像元数来确定主要线状地物的解译标准,将地物按照像元数解译成面状和线状,同时建立线状解译的置信区间,实现不同情况下线状地物的面积统计。