青藏高原海拔要素对温度、降水和气候型分布格局的影响

青藏高原平均海拔4 000~5 000 m,由于特殊的地理条件,生态环境较为脆弱,对气候变化非常敏感,并对周围乃至全球的气候产生重要影响。使用1961-2010年青藏高原温度、降水0.5°×0.5°格点数据,以及由GTOPO30数据（分辨率为0.05°×0.05°）经过重采样生成的陆地0.5°×0.5°的数字高程模型DEM,分析了青藏高原温度、降水受海拔要素的影响,并通过青藏高原区域79个气象站的数据进行验证,进而使用柯本气候分类和中国自然地理区划两种方法对青藏高原气候进行划分,探讨青藏高原各分区海拔要素对温度、降水的影响差异以及出现差异的原因。研究表明：青藏高原及其各分区的气温垂直递减率不同,是由于地形起伏不同造成的青藏高原热源效用不同;降水与海拔的关系不同,是由于各区域受控于不同的气候系统,造成干湿度的不同,因而最大降水高度带不同。     

改进的无网格法及其在冻土区桩基温度场中的应用

采用带权正交基函数对传统的无网格法中的基函数进行了改进,避免了计算过程中可能出现的矩阵不可逆情况,而且编程容易实现且计算效率高。并将其应用到冻土区桩基包括了热传导和相变潜热的温度场中,同时考虑了混凝土水化热释放对桩周冻土的影响,将计算结果和有限元计算结果及现场实测数据进行了比较分析,从趋势和最大数值看都反映了实测曲线的趋势,又把不同深度处桩侧和不同桩径处温度随时间的变化规律计算结果和有限元计算结果做了对比,都验证了该方法的可行性和优越性。     

暴雨作用下排土场平台–边坡系统土壤侵蚀过程模拟研究

为了探究冻融循环作用对土体结构和力学性质的影响机理,以内蒙古元宝山露天煤矿内排土场典型黏土为研究对象,采用室内冻融循环试验和MatDEM数值模拟,进行土体内部温度场、水分场和应力场的模拟分析。结果表明：排土场土料经过冻融循环后发生冻缩现象;低围压时应力−应变曲线呈现应变软化型,发生剪切破坏,围压升高后向应变硬化型转变,发生剪胀破坏;抗剪强度的劣化受前3次冻融作用的影响最为显著,在第3次达到最低值;温度的传递过程可划分为温度快速下降、缓慢相变过程、继续降温、温度稳定4个阶段;水分运移主要在温度传递的前2个阶段发生,且第二阶段的水分运移量居多;颗粒受冻融作用后整体半径缩小、分散性增大;温度和水分运移引起的颗粒胀缩、冰−水相变、冷生结构的形成等,导致颗粒的大小、位置、连接状态和颗粒间的应力等反复变化,共同驱动土体产生不可逆的结构性损伤,进而造成强度劣化。水分运移不仅为冷生构造的生长提供水源条件,还产生溶蚀、冲刷破坏,与水的相变共同成为冻融循环作用导致土体发生结构调整和应力场变化的主要原因。通过离散元法模拟冻融循环,有助于了解土体内部的力学特征和强度劣化机理,为冻区露天煤矿内排土场边坡及其他工程建设的稳定性研究提供参考。

     

重庆金佛山岩溶作用驱动因素初探

走向北东-南西向的向斜和近东西向的横张大节理等地质构造控制了金佛山岩溶作用发生的空间展布方向.下二叠统的中厚层块状灰岩及生物碎屑灰岩给金佛山岩溶作用的发生提供了坚实的物质基础.4~10月这一温暖湿润的气候特征加大了金佛山岩溶作用发生的强度和速度.茂密的森林植被和及其植被分带性在进一步促进了金佛山岩溶作用发生的同时,也导致了金佛山岩溶作用强度在时空分布上的差异.     

六种成膜封堵剂的室内实验优选与评价

为更好地服务深部钻探工程,准确了解冲洗液封堵性能,对6种成膜封堵剂开展了砂床实验、API静失水量实验、流变性能实验及抗温实验等室内实验进行优选与评价。实验结果表明,2号和4号成膜封堵剂在6种成膜封堵剂中封堵性能最好,它们在基浆中的最优加量均为2%,100 ℃温度条件下加入这2种封堵剂的冲洗液具有较好的抗温性能;冲洗液中膨润土含量和处理剂是影响冲洗液封堵性能的2个重要因素：膨润土含量越高,冲洗液封堵性能越好,加入聚合物、降滤失剂等处理剂可以提高冲洗液的封堵性能。砂床实验是评价冲洗液封堵性能好坏的重要依据。     

胶东英格庄金矿床地质地球化学特征

英格庄金矿床是胶东牟平-乳山金矿成矿带重要的石英脉型金矿床之一,其产出和分布严格受NNE向断裂控制,围岩以古老变质岩和昆嵛山花岗岩为主,金矿物主要以晶隙金形式赋存于黄铁矿-脉石晶体之间。通过成矿流体包裹体地球化学研究可知:均一温度变化有3个峰值(155℃～165℃、205℃～215℃和245℃～265℃);该矿床包裹体盐度w(NaCl)较低(17.17(),在1.05(～17.17(之间变化,应属于低盐度流体;据其成矿压力21.3～58.8MPa,进一步求得的该矿床主要成矿深度为0.83～2.31km,为中浅成矿床;依据包裹体成分测试结果可知,矿床流体属K+-Na+-SO24-Cl-型。氢氧同位素显示其成矿流体主要来源于岩浆水和变质水,并有一定的大气降水混入。     

油气和含油气包裹体及其在油气地质地球化学研究中的意义

本文在综合前人研究的基础上，结合笔者的工作经验，提出了一个实用的油气和含油气包裹体分类方案，详细论述了各类油气和含油气包裹体的相态、组成和均一温度特征。在同一油气藏，均一温度越高，油相包裹体中的气态烃和挥发份的含量也越高。依据油相包裹体的均一温度的变化及其与同生水溶液包裹体的均一温度的关系可以研究油气藏在充填过程中油气组成，特别是气态烃和挥发份含量的演变。进而可以研究油气藏的油源--生油岩的类型和热演化程度。本文评述了依据油相包裹体和同生水溶液包裹体ＰＶＴ相图推断其捕获温度和压力范围的有效性和局限性。最后讨论了各类油气和含油气包裹体的成因机制及其在油气地质和地球化学研究中的意义。     

A parallel dynamic programming algorithm for multi-reservoir system optimization

This paper develops a parallel dynamic programming algorithm to optimize the joint operation of a multi-reservoir system. First, a multi-dimensional dynamic programming (DP) model is formulated for a multi-reservoir system. Second, the DP algorithm is parallelized using a peer-to-peer parallel paradigm. The parallelization is based on the distributed memory architecture and the message passing interface (MPI) protocol. We consider both the distributed computing and distributed computer memory in the parallelization. The parallel paradigm aims at reducing the computation time as well as alleviating the computer memory requirement associated with running a multi-dimensional DP model. Next, we test the parallel DP algorithm on the classic, benchmark four-reservoir problem on a high-performance computing (HPC) system with up to 350 cores. Results indicate that the parallel DP algorithm exhibits good performance in parallel efficiency; the parallel DP algorithm is scalable and will not be restricted by the number of cores. Finally, the parallel DP algorithm is applied to a real-world, five-reservoir system in China. The results demonstrate the parallel efficiency and practical utility of the proposed methodology.     

The influence of grain-size analysis methods and sediment mixing on curve shapes and textural parameters: Implications for sediment trend analysis

To this day, deterministic physical models capable of explaining the evolution of grain-size distributions in the course of transport are still lacking. For this reason, various attributes of particle frequency distributions, in particular curve shapes and textural parameters, have for many decades been investigated for potential information about transport behaviour and size-sorting processes of sediments in numerous environments. Such approaches are essentially conceptual and hence rely heavily on the validity of the assumptions on which they are based. A factor which has to date been largely ignored in this context, is the fact that different methods of grain-size analysis (e. g. sieving, laser absorption and diffraction, settling velocity measurements), when applied to the same sample material, produce variable curve shapes, and hence incongruous textural data. This is illustrated by selected examples showing the differences between sieving and settling results, conversion of settling velocities into equivalent settling diameters (psi-phi-transformations), and the influences of particle shape, particle density, and water temperature. It is demonstrated that particle-size distributions are not only method-dependent but also dependent on the adopted post-processing procedure. As a result, only frequency curves generated by the same method and subsequently processed by identical computational procedures can be meaningfully compared. Furthermore, the computation of textural parameters from bi- or multimodal size distributions produces spurious results which are unrelated to the processes leading to the mixing of different size populations frequently observed in nature. In such cases, only the decomposition of such distributions into individual populations and the spatial comparison of such populations makes any sense. Because a physical explanation for the generation of size distributions is lacking, a particular curve shape of a grain-size population has no meaning on its own. Only a systematic comparison of progressively changing curve shapes (and associated textural parameters) of sediments collected on a closely spaced grid can yield data suitable for sediment trend analysis.     

2022年夏季中国高温干旱气候特征及成因探讨

2022年夏季,中国中东部发生了极端高温干旱气候异常,给经济、农业、人民生活造成了严重影响。本文回顾了此次高温干旱气候异常的时空特征,分析了其主要成因。2022年夏季,中国中东部区域平均的极端高温频次、日最高温度平均值、高温日数等指标均达到了1979年以来的最大值,区域平均降水则达到了1979年以来的最低值。此次气候异常主要是由于夏季中国中东部受强大的高压系统控制,与偏强的西太副高、中纬度的西风带扰动以及热带海温的影响有关。此外,本文探讨了全球增暖趋势对极端高温事件增多的影响,以及未来中国地区高温和干旱事件的可能变化。