元古代基性岩墙群的成因机制,构造背景及其古板块再造意义

大陆克拉通广泛发育元古代镁铁质岩墙群，其形成时限短，侵位机制复杂，可以侵位于不同的地壳层次，岩墙群的岩浆可能有多种来源，但主要来自陆下软流圈或地幔岩石圈，很少经历结晶分异与地壳混染，岩墙群的总体化学成分量富集型的，从古元古代到新元古代，其碱性组分逐渐增多，反映地幔演化特征，板块构造理论可应用于晚太古代－古元古代的构造研究，元古代以超级大陆的聚合及裂解为特征，岩墙群的形成普遍与伸展体制相联系，是超级大陆开始裂解或地幔柱活动的重要标志。华北克拉通区广泛发育中元古代镁铁质岩墙群，对其进行多学科的研究，将为确定华北克拉通在中元古代超级大陆中的构造位置及其古板块再造提供重要依据。     

五台王家会花岗质深成岩体的构造地质学研究

五台花岗－绿岩带中王家会花岗质深成岩体中普遍发育的片麻理、矿物线理等内部构造是岩浆侵位晚期岩体处于宾厄姆体状态下形成的流动变形构造。它们切割了捕虏体中的先存构造，但岩体对围岩的作用较弱，且岩体与围岩间不存在强变形带。围岩至少经历了三期区域变形和两期区域变质作用。研究认为：五台运动末期，阜平古陆与恒山古陆发生的碰撞，造成了深部走滑作用和活动带中地层（五台群）褶皱，为岩浆的形成、演化提供了构造环境，并为其定位提供了空间。因此．我们提出了一种花岗绿岩带中花岗岩定位的新机制──深部地壳块体间走滑作用控制花岗岩体定位模式。     

Kinematic significance of mingling-rolling structures in lava flows: a case study from Porri Volcano (Salina, Southern Tyrrhenian Sea)

 A basaltic andesite lava flow from Porri Volcano (Salina, Southern Tyrrhenian Sea) is composed of two different magmas. Magma A (51 vol.% of crystals) has a dacitic glass composition, and magma B (18 vol.% of crystals), a basaltic glass composition. Magma B is hosted in A and consists of sub-spherical enclaves and boudin-like, banding and rolling structures (RS). Four types of RS have been recognized: σ–type;δ–type; complex σ-δ–types and transitional structures between sub-spherical enclaves and rolling structures. An analysis of the RS has been performed in order to reconstruct the flow kinematics and the mechanism of flow emplacement. Rolling structures have been selected in three sites located at different distances from the vent. In all sites most RS show the same sense of shear. Kinematic analysis of RS allows the degree of flow non-coaxiality to be determined. The non-coaxiality is expressed by the kinematic vorticity number Wk, a measure of the ratio Sr between pure shear strain rate and simple shear strain rate. The values of Wk calculated from the measured shapes of microscopic RS increase with increasing distance from the vent, from approximately 0.5 to 0.9. Results of the structural analysis reveal that the RS formed during the early–intermediate stage of flow emplacement. They represent originally sub-spherical enclaves deformed at low shear strain. At higher strain, RS deformed to give boudin-like and stretched banding structures. Results of the kinematic analysis suggest that high viscosity lava flows are heterogeneous non-ideal shear flows in which the degree of non-coaxiality increases with the distance from the vent. In the vent area, deformation is intermediate between simple shear and pure shear. Farther from the vent, deformation approaches ideal simple shear. Lateral extension processes occur only in the near-vent zone, where they develop in response to the lateral push of magma extruded from the vent. Lateral shortening processes develop in the distal zone and record the gravity-driven movement of the lava. The lava flow advanced by two main mechanisms, lateral translation and rolling motion. Lateral translation equals rolling near the vent, while rolling motion prevailed in the distal zones. Received: 6 November 1997 / Accepted: 29 November 1997     

花岗岩类分类与定位机制研究动向和进展

近年来国内外花岗岩类研究工作已取得了新的进展。本文综合性地评述了花岗岩类主要岩石成因分类、构造环境分类与对比特点;着重叙述了花岗岩体定位机制研究方法及研究实例;对深化我国特别是华南花岗岩类岩石成因—构造分类及定位机制的研究提出了具体建议。     

江西九瑞地区两种岩浆侵位类型及其成矿特征

通过对江西九江—瑞昌地区岩浆侵位的研究,将该区燕山早期“小岩体”划分为顶蚀侵位与贯入侵位两种类型。并阐述了与这两种类型岩体有关的成矿类型分别为接触交代夕卡岩型和中低温岩浆热液型,它们不但在矿化性质与矿化程度上有明显差别,而且在空间上亦各呈不同格式分布。因此,对该区“小岩体”应作具体分析,而其岩浆侵位类型将对矿化起直接控制作用     

天台地洼型含金银铅锌矿床定位过程的研究

文中应用微结构物理类比法和成矿实验模拟法,研究了赋于中国东南地洼构造层中含金的银铅锌矿床的定位成矿过程。认为该矿床的形成,可分为两个过程,即大气降水活化、萃取地洼火山岩系中成矿元素的非定位过程和热液爆破角砾化系统定位成矿过程。显示出这类矿床具有:成矿热液是由隐伏深成岩对下渗大气降水的加热,流体源于岩浆水及大气水;近南向高角度断裂制约的双循环体系,以及成矿作用双机制(矿源层中活化、萃取机制和热液爆破沸腾沉淀机制)等特点的多因复成矿床。     

西准噶尔柳树沟西南玛里鸦蛇绿岩地质特征

玛里鸦蛇绿岩套,位于西准噶尔推覆构造达尔布特铲状断裂南侧,岩石类型齐全,层序基本完整,具有自身的岩石学、岩石化学、稀土元素分布、锶同位素比值等特征.它代表岛弧陆源侧活动边缘海或弧间盆地构造环境.系俯冲洋壳局部熔融,地幔物质底辟升流产物.侵位于早—中石炭世.     

大别山地区天堂寨花岗岩的侵位时代及地质意义

天堂寨片麻状花岩，多数文献将其归属前寒武纪混合花岗岩。笔者认为是岩浆冷凝结晶产物，属Iu型花岗岩。其侵位时代为早白垩世。锆石一致曲线年龄为124．7Ma。岩体侵位以后，大别山地区的抬升速率不很快，平均每年抬升0．1mm。     

爆破角砾岩型金矿床的成因及其定位机制：——以河南祁雨沟金矿为例

本文系统地研究了祁雨沟爆破角砾岩型金矿床的地质特征、流体包裹体和硫、铅、氢、氧及碳同位素特征,认为成矿流体和成矿元素主要来自晚期的岩浆熔体,只在成矿晚期有少量大气降水的加入,应属典型的岩浆热液型金矿床。而矿床的形成和定位则是岩浆结晶分异作用的后期,岩浆熔体因水过饱和而发生“二次沸滕”,产生高压流体,从而在地表浅部发生隐爆作用,造成岩体坍塌,含金流体胶结而成含金角砾岩体。岩浆熔体脉动式的“二次沸滕”     

Structure, age and mode of emplacement of the Hercynian Bordères-Louron pluton (Central Pyrenees, France)

The Hercynian Bordères-Louron pluton (20 km²) in the Central Pyrenees intrudes Devonian and Carboniferous metasediments. It shows a concentric zoning and consists of a significant proportion of (quartz) gabbros in its periphery, and of granodiorites, biotite monzogranites and biotite-muscovite monzogranites in its core. AMS study shows that the pluton corresponds to an elongated dome with a N100°E-trending axis. The anisotropy intensity Ppara% is high in the south and in the core of the pluton, whereas it is low in the north. The shape parameter T indicates that the fabric is strongly planar in a large central band oriented NW-SE, whereas it is strongly linear in the western and eastern tips of the pluton. These characteristics suggest that the Bordères-Louron pluton emplaced in two episodes: (1) intrusion of mafic magmas along a N100°E sill parallel to the regional foliation of the host metasediments; and (2) injection of three successive silicic batches (granodiorite, biotite monzogranite, two-micas monzogranite) which pushed aside the early mafic injections. In situ U-Pb dating of zircon grains indicates that the emplacement age of the biotite monzogranite is 309 ± 4 Ma, synchronous with the D ₂ dextral transpressive event and close to the ages of the eastern Pyrenean plutons, may be slightly older.