河北丰宁撒岱沟门钼矿区成矿岩体地球化学特征及其对矿床成因的约束

本文通过对撒岱沟门钼矿床的赋矿岩石(二长花岗岩)的主量元素地球化学的研究,揭示了该区花岗岩为准铝质高钾钙碱性I型花岗岩。该区赋矿岩石(二长花岗岩)的稀土元素地球化学特征为轻稀土富集,重稀土亏损,轻重稀土分馏明显,Eu负异常较弱(δEu=0.78)。La/Sm-La图解表明二长花岗岩由岩浆分离结晶作用形成;微量元素Nb、Ta、P、Zr、Ti具有明显的负异常,富集大离子亲石元素Rb、Th、K、Ba,黑云母全铝压力计所计算的岩体结晶压力平均为1.83kbar,平均侵位深度为6.78km,综合地球化学各方面的特征,探讨了该区斑岩型Mo矿床形成的制约因素,以及为什么该区形成斑岩型钼矿床而非斑岩型铜矿床的原因,最后认为该矿床为深源中成斑岩型钼矿床。     

永吉头道川金矿床典型矿床研究

永吉头道川金矿床规模较小,但它代表了吉中地区晚古生代火山作用金矿的成矿事件。本文从地质构造环境及成矿条件、矿体特征、矿石物质成分、围岩蚀变、成矿阶段、成矿时代、地球化学特征、成矿物理化学条件加以归纳整理,进而总结矿床的控矿因素,矿床就位机制。     

云南个旧市卡房矿田新山花岗岩侵位机制与成矿关系初探

文章综合了前人对花岗岩侵位机制的研究,对花岗岩几种重要的侵位机制进行了详述.在此基础上结合野外工作和实践,从围岩蚀变、流体运移、断裂控制等几个方面对云南个旧新山花岗岩体的侵位机制类型进行了综合分析,认为新山花岗岩体侵位机制类型属于岩浆底拱作用,新山矿段内形成的矿床主要有接触带铜锡多金属矿床、层脉状铜锡矽卡岩硫化矿床、变...     

中国物理火山学研究进展评述

应用物理原理研究不同规模和时间尺度火山活动的动力过程,近年来不断受到中国火山学者的关注。过去几年,中国第四纪火山区内火山活动的物理过程研究取得了一些有价值的进展。本文重点总结和评述了岩浆房的固结、分离结晶和活动稳定性、火山通道和喷发柱的动力学、火山碎屑流与熔岩流运移与就位的物理过程。对火山碎屑物与熔岩流的分形特征以及岩浆房的动力系统中存在的非线性过程进行了特别的评价和展望。     

招远市夏甸金矿含金流体成因及就位机制的研究

通过对夏甸金矿石英中流体包裹体成分和矿石微量元素测定 ,得出含金流体为幔源—岩浆和变质复合成因。依据容矿断裂形成机制的理论分析、高温高压实验研究、含金流体就位过程及容矿断裂形成环境的探讨 ,提出复合含金流体主动就位机制。     

Centrifuge modelling of plutons intruding shear zones: application to the Fürstenstein Intrusive Complex (Bavarian Forest,Germany)

Models consisting of a thick overburden resting on a buoyant layer were sheared and centrifruged in order to study the relationship between strike-slip shear zones and intrusions of buoyant material. Three experiments were carried out: In model 1, where the overburden consisted of a viscous material, no diapirs formed even after shearing for 40 mm (? = -1.07) and 27 min centrifuging. In models 2 and 3, where the overburden was semi-brittle, prescribed cuts at two different orientations (model 2: parallel to s1; model 3: perpendicular to s1) were initiated in the overburden in order to see whether such cuts acted as pathways for intrusion. In model 2 the prescribed cuts were used by the buoyant material as pathways when the cuts opened during shearing. Continued shearing widened the cuts and allowed the buoyant material to extrude on the surface of the model forming a coalesced elliptical sheet. In model 3. the cuts were closed during shearing and prevented the intrusion of the buoyant material. During further shearing, the cuts rotated and activated as strike-slip faults bounding pull-apart basins. Such pull-apart basins were not deep enough to tap the buoyant material. Nevertheless, the results of the experiments suggest that magma ascends in shear zones not as diapirs, but rises along preexisting pathways as dykes. Model results were used to evaluate emplacement of the Fürstenstein Intrusive Complex (FIC) in the Bavarian Forest, whose magnetic and structural inventory have been investigated in detail. The pluton consists of 5 magma batches, each with distinct magnetic fabrics. which are interpreted as the result of magma intrusion along opening and rotating tension gashes within the BPSZ stress field. Shear failure of the crust in the FIC area due to thermomechanical weakening provided the space for the emplacement of the last and biggest granite magma batch. Overall, the emplacement history of the FIC fits perfectly with the observations made during experiment 2 and indicates that magma ascent in shear zones is bound to tension gashes.     

山西地块的深部构造和金伯利建造:兼论金刚石矿与稳定地块的深部过程

稳定地块的深部,软流圈上拱,岩石圈破裂,产生三联结构超壳深断裂系,地幔热流使上地幔岩局部熔融,形成碱性-偏碱性系列岩浆,沿深断裂系侵位过程中演化为金伯利岩建造.金刚石聚集于该建造的终端-(角砾状)碱性超基性岩类,爆发式侵入上地壳,迅速冷凝,金刚石得以保存而成为有用资源.我国的稳定地块面积颇广,显生宙经历多次深部过程,已查明多处金刚石矿藏,仍有巨大找矿潜力.     

Insights into rock avalanche emplacement processes from detailed morpho‐lithological studies of the Tschirgant deposit (Tyrol,Austria)

Large, rapid rockslope failures generate deposits with complex morphologies due to a number of causal and influencing factors. To investigate these, we conducted a detailed case study at the carbonate Tschirgant deposit (Tyrol, Austria). It preserved evidence of simultaneous rock sliding (very large, coherent hummocks) and rock avalanche spreading (smaller, more scattered hummocks and ridges). Motion indicators, such as longitudinal ridges furthermore pinpoint the transition between linear sliding and radial spreading. The lithological distribution in the Tschirgant deposit shows that it retained source stratigraphy despite being split into two accumulation lobes by a high bedrock ridge. Furthermore, lithology had a very strong control on the final deposit morphology in that the different lithologic units form individual deposit surfaces. River erosion has created fortuitous outcrops that reveal the basal rock avalanche contact. The underlying valley‐fill sediments (substrates) have been intricately involved in shaping the rock avalanche morphology and, where entrained, highlight internal rock avalanche deformation features. This study shows that intrinsic dynamic properties of granular media (e.g. tendency for longitudinal alignments), emplacement mode, lithology (and source predisposition), runout path topography, and substrates form the quintet of causal factors that shape rock avalanche morphology. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

花岗岩体高温热年代学研究的新思路、方法及计算实例

对国内外花岗岩体723 对锆石U-Pb 年龄（t _Zr）和全岩Rb-Sr 等时线年龄（t _Rb）进行的相关分析, 拟合出相关系数很高
（Ｒ =0.997）, 回归系数接近l 的线性回归方程（t _Zr=1.0005×t _Rb+0.493041）。 Δt _Zr-Rb（t _Zr-t _Rb）频数统计分析表明: Δt _Zr-Rb呈对
称正态分布（偏度系数C _SK=0.193; 峰度系数C _KU=6.722）, 其均值为0.624 Ma, 众数值为1.0 Ma。这表明花岗岩体锆石U-Pb 定
年的测定结果与全岩Rb-Sr 等时线定年测定结果在允许的误差范围内是一致的。不存在花岗岩体锆石U-Pb 年龄必定大于全
岩Rb-Sr 等时线年龄的规律表明,同位素热年代学方法只适用于研究花岗岩结晶固结后的低温热演化史。 前人根据锆石U-Pb
年龄和全岩Rb-Sr 等时线年龄差值及相应同位素体系封闭温度研究的10 个花岗岩体的冷却速率（CR Zr-Rb）表明,它们与岩
体体积尺度不相关,这有悖于“热物体的体积（质量）愈大,则在相同热物理条件下其冷却速率愈小”的热物理学基本定律。
根据热传导理论及本文作者（2010）提出的侵位结晶时差概念我们得出“在相同热物理学条件下,体积尺度是决定花岗岩
体冷却速率最主要因素”的结论。以上述10 个花岗岩体为例,本文计算得出它们在结晶固结前高温阶段的冷却速率（CR _ECTD）
并拟合出冷却速率与岩体体积尺度呈幂函数关系：CR _ECTD=7544.7×D -2.1686, 计算结果符合热物理学基本定律。     

南秦岭晚三叠世胭脂坝岩体的磁组构特征及意义

胭脂坝岩体是秦岭造山带内具典型代表性意义的晚三叠世花岗岩,已有的年代学和地球化学研究对岩体的侵位机制有着不同的认识。采用磁组构方法研究了该岩体的内部组构特征,并结合区域构造探讨了岩体的侵位机制。结果显示,胭脂坝岩体51个采点、348个样品的平均体积磁化率（K_m）值普遍小于100 μSI,总体较低。磁滞回线和热磁曲线特征表明,岩体磁组构主要由顺磁性矿物控制。大部分样品的校正磁化率各向异性度（P_J）值小于1.10,平均为1.06,表现出低各向异性度的总体特征。样品磁化率椭球形态参数（T）值多大于0,磁化率椭球体以压扁椭球为主。综合分析认为,岩体的磁组构是典型的岩浆组构,记录了岩浆侵位的流动构造。岩体磁组构以东西向中低角度倾伏的磁线理和南北向倾伏的磁面理为总体特征,磁线、面理轨迹揭示出岩浆自西向东的侵位流动。这样的岩浆侵位过程应与中、浅部地壳的走滑挤压构造相关,岩体侵位时造山带处于同碰撞构造环境。