红壤侵蚀区马尾松林碳储量估算的遥感植被指数选择——以长汀河田地区为例

以福建省长汀县河田地区为研究区,在野外样方生物量调查和典型植被光谱测定基础上,对比分析SPOT5影像8种植被指数与马尾松林（Pinus massoniana）碳储量关系,估算区域尺度马尾松林碳储量。结果表明,马尾松林冠层与林下植被芒萁（Dicranopteris dichotoma）在短波红外波段（SWIR）反射率区分明显。加入SWIR的修正的归一化植被指数（MNDVI）与森林碳储量回归决定系数最高,并有较小的均方根误差,同时可减少林下植被覆盖对马尾松林碳储量估算影响。生态恢复驱动下研究区平均碳储量增加到30.37 t/hm²。     

仿和田玉籽料的方法及鉴定

和田玉籽料以其洁白温润博得了越来越多人的喜爱,加之其有限的资源和丰厚的利润,市场上出现的和田玉籽料仿制品也越来越多。介绍了和田玉的分类及外部特征,分析了仿和田玉籽料的两种常用方法——滚料磨圆和染色处理做假皮,从其外形、颜色、硬度、密度和光泽等特征及仪器测试方面,讨论研究了和田玉籽料与其仿制品之间的差异,以达到鉴定和田玉籽料真伪的目的。     

基于GRACE卫星和GLDAS系统的地下水水位估算模型——以和田地区克里雅河流域为例

地球重力场的变化是导致陆地水储量变化的重要因素之一,利用GRACE(Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment)重力场恢复与气候实验重力卫星数据,结合GLDAS(Global Land Data Assimilation Systems)全球陆面数据同化系统和实测地下水位数据,反演和田地区克里雅河流域11年间四季和田地区的陆地水储量动态变化,模拟计算地下水等效水高变化趋势,构建了地下水水位估算模型。研究结果表明：和田地区春、夏两季的陆地水储量呈现出增加趋势,而秋、冬两季出现亏损状态;GRACE地球重力卫星所反演的陆地水储量比GLDAS同化系统所模拟的水资源变化更为剧烈,但2类数据的动态变化拟合度很高;GLDAS水资源等效水高二阶微分、GLDAS水资源变化倒数一阶微分、GRACE陆地水储量变化倒数变化、地下水储量变化一阶微分的敏感程度最高,构建的多元逐步回归模型明显优于线性函数,且水位深度越浅,该估算模型的适用性越高。     

The Tashisayi nephrite deposit from South Altyn Tagh,Xinjiang,northwest China

The Tashisayi nephrite deposit is located in South Altyn Tagh.in Qiemo County,Xinjiang Province,northwest China.It is a recent discovery in the vast,well-known Kunlun-Altyn nephrite belt distributed along the south of the Tarim Basin,producing more than half of the nephrite from the whole belt in 2017.Field investigations revealed that it is a dolomitic marble-related(D-type)nephrite deposit,but little is known about its age of formation and relationships between the granites and marble.Here we report field investigations,petrography of the neph rite,as well as petrography,geochemistry,geochronology of the zoisite-quartz altered intrusive rock and adjacent granites.An A-type granite is identified with a SHRIMP U-Pb zircon age of 926± 7 Ma,suggesting it was emplaced in an extensional tectonic environment at that time.The altered intrusive rock has a cluster of U-Pb zircon age of 433± 10 Ma.with similar trace element features to the A-type granite,suggesting it was formed in an extensional regime at this later time.Nephrite formed because of the metasomatism of dolomite marble by hydrothermal fluids.It is inferred that Ca~(2+) was released from the dolomitic marble by metasomatism forming Ca-rich fluids,which caused alteration of both the intrusive rocks(6.00-8.22 wt.% CaO)and granite(1.76-3.68 wt.% CaO)near the nephrite ore bodies.It is also inferred that Fe2+ from the granite migrated towards the dolomite marble.The fluids gave rise to the formation of Ca-minerals.such as zoisite,in the nephrite and altered intrusive rock,and epidote in the granite.Based on the contact relationships.similarity in hydrothermal processes,and consumption of Ca~(2+),the Tashisayi nephrite is considered to have formed at the same time as the alteration of the intrusive rocks,i.e.～433 Ma.The geochronological similarity(～926 Ma.433 Ma)of South Altyn and North Qaidam may suggest that tectonically they belong to one single complex in the past,which was offset by the Altyn Tagh fault(ATF).The similar formation ages of the nephrites from Altyn Tagh(433 Ma)and the previously studied areas of West Kunlun(378-441 Ma)and East Kunlun(416 Ma)indicate that these nephrites formed during the closure of Proto-Tethys and in the accompanving post-collisional.extensional environment.     

Response Surface Optimization of Acid Red 119 Dye Adsorption by Mixtures of Dried Sewage Sludge and Sewage Sludge Ash

The mixtures of dried sewage sludge (DSS) and sewage sludge ash were studied for removal of acid red 119 (AR119) dye as a new, more environmental friendly, and low cost adsorbent. For this purpose, response surface methodology was applied to optimize the dye removal efficiency and turbidity of treated dye solutions as two individual responses. Results revealed that an optimum condition under specified constraints (dye removal efficiency >95% and turbidity <50 NTU) was obtained at a contact time of 60 min, 40 wt% DSS in the mixture, an initial pH of 6, and an initial dye concentration of 200 mg dye/L in distilled water. Under the optimal condition, dye removal efficiency of 94.98% and effluent turbidity of 24.9 NTU was observed. In further studies, at optimum condition, the effect of some additives on adsorption process and desorption/reusability of adsorbent was investigated. It was observed that removal efficiency was significantly decreased to 83.76% when a simulated dye wastewater (containing the selected dye, acetic acid, and Glauber's salt dissolved in tap water) was used. Desorption studies revealed that AR119 dye could be well removed from dye‐loaded adsorbent by 0.3 M NaOH solution.     

SGBR Performance on the Basis of Color and COD Removal from Textile Wastewater

This study focused on removal of color and chemical oxygen demand (COD) parameter from textile effluents using a static granular bed reactor (SGBR), which has never been used to treat textile effluents previously. With an organic loading rate (OLR) of 1 kg/m³ day and a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 48 h, COD and color removal efficiencies were 74 and 61%, respectively, while the removal efficiencies were 72 and 57%, respectively, with OLR of 1.7 kg/(m³ day) and HRT of 24 h. It was concluded that the SGBR could be used as an alternative method to treat and decolorize textile effluents. First order and modified Stover–Kincannon models were used to develop a kinetic model using the experimental data with correlation coefficients (R²) of 0.39 and 0.94, respectively. In regard with the calculated correlation coefficients, modified Stover–Kincannon model, which was used to model anerobic biofilters in previous studies, fitted best with the experimental data and it was stated that SGBR worked as an anerobic biofilter.     

和田玉的名称、文化、玉质和矿床类型之探讨

和田玉是我国的传统玉石,有悠久的历史.和田玉有丰富的玉文化内涵,开拓了玉石之路,是我国历代宫廷玉器的主要玉料,为中国玉器的辉煌做出了贡献.和田玉属于透闪石玉,其玉质有其特点.矿床属中酸性侵入岩与白云石大理岩的接触交代型,在国内外有典型意义."软玉"提出距今约一百多年历史,尚存在一定问题,建议采用透闪石玉取代"软玉".     

新疆和田玉岩石学特征及其扫描电镜研究

新疆和田玉产于塔里木盆地之南昆仑山的变质软玉矿床, 该矿床是由镁质大理岩与中酸性岩浆岩接触交代而形成。通过对和田玉的岩石矿物学研究表明和田玉主要由富钙富镁的透闪石矿物构成,其化学组分中Ｍｇ２＋ ／（Ｍｇ２＋ ＋ Ｆｅ２＋ ）比值均大于０．９。对和田玉岩石薄片镜下观察发现,和田玉是由透闪石微晶－隐晶质集合体构成,其颗粒越细小, 交织结构越致密,其质地就越细腻润泽。通过对和田玉的扫描电镜的观察分析, 探讨了和田玉高韧度主要与其特殊的交织结构所产生的粒间绞合力有关     

和田玉的颜色及其色度学研究

颜色不仅是评价和田玉质量优劣的重要标准,也是划分和田玉种类的主要依据。和田玉的颜色是各种玉石中的佼佼者,它特有的玉色,倍受历代人们的珍视。和田玉按颜色不同,可分为白玉、青白玉、青玉、墨玉、黄玉等五类。１　和玉田的可见光吸收光谱特征及呈色机理可见光吸收光谱研究是宝石学中的重要手段,吸收光谱的许多特征是由各种过渡金属离子的电子构型和配位体结构中的几何要素所决定的。通常矿物的吸收光谱所反映的信息,可以探索宝玉石的呈色机理,评价宝石的颜色质量。１－１　样品制备及可见光吸收光谱实验测试设备ＬｅｉｔｚＭＰＶ…     

碳酸盐岩成岩作用及其对储层控制的定量评价——以和田河气田石炭系生物屑灰岩段为例

成岩作用对碳酸盐岩储层的影响很大。石炭系生物屑灰岩段是田河气田的主要产层，控制其储层物性的成岩作用主要有胶结作用、压实－压溶作用、白云石化作用、溶蚀（岩溶）作用和破裂作用。胶结作用和压实作用是主要的孔隙破坏者，它们破坏了几乎所有的原生孔隙和部分次生溶孔；压溶作用产生的缝合线大部分已成为油气的运移通道和储集空间；白云石化作用发生了准同生期，符合渗透回流白云石化机理，产生的大量晶间孔占储层总孔隙度的30％左右，且白云石含量与孔隙度呈正相关关系；埋藏岩溶作用主要是由硫酸溶蚀作用形成，产生的溶蚀孔隙是该储层的主要储集空间，占储层总孔隙度的37．5％以上；破裂作用产生的构造裂缝是储层渗透率的主要贡献者，它为储层提供99．6％以上的渗透率和2％－6％的总孔隙度，破裂作用是致密碳酸盐岩能够成为油气储层的必要条件。岩溶作用和白云石化作用都发育的区域应是碳酸盐岩的主要勘探目标。