多宝山铅锌矿床地质特征及地球化学研究

新疆和田县多宝山是西昆仑地区新发现的一处重要铅锌矿床,矿体呈似层状、不规则囊状、脉状,产于白垩系铁隆滩组碳酸盐岩岩溶角砾岩、生物碎屑灰岩中,围岩蚀变主要有碳酸盐化、白云石化、硅化及泥化等.矿石为块状、细脉状、浸染状、角砾状等构造.矿石矿物与脉石矿物中具极相似的微量元素组构,矿石中铅、锌硫化物δ34SV-CDT=-10.55‰～-1.01‰,矿石Pb同位素组成206Pb/204Pb=18.739 8～18.743 3,207Pb/204Pb=15.702 5～15.7040,208Pb/204Pb=39.092 9～39.097 1,成矿物质来源于白垩系铁隆滩组碳酸盐岩.矿石中方解石δ13CPDB=3.44‰～5.09‰,18OSMOW=23.09‰～26.79‰,热液中CO2来自海相碳酸盐岩去碳酸作用.流体包裹体均一温度为207℃～262℃,盐度为6.30%～7.73%,说明成矿流体来源于海水热卤水,矿床具MVT铅锌成矿特点.     

红外光谱-拉曼光谱无损检测技术对透闪石和阳起石鉴定特征的研究

透闪石属于角闪石族矿物,与阳起石构成完全类质同象,有关透闪石和阳起石的红外光谱和拉曼光谱的特征差异还未见有报道。本文以外观特征相似的5件广西大化黑青色阳起石样品和2件新疆塔县青玉样品为研究对象,在前期矿物成分测试的基础下,采用红外光谱和拉曼光谱进行测试和对比分析。结果表明,阳起石的红外光谱和拉曼光谱都表现为闪石类矿物的特征峰,与透闪石的特征峰存在细微差异,漫反射红外光谱的差异特征是鉴别两者最准确、快速、无损的依据,并且适用于任意形状的样品,符合珠宝玉石饰品实验室检测领域的要求,可为和田玉的分类分级和产地鉴别等提供科学依据。按照GB/T 16552-2017与GB/T 16553-2017规定,广西大化黑青色阳起石可定名为和田玉。     

The influence of microform bed roughness elements on flow and sediment transport in gravel bed rivers

Pebble clusters are reported widely as characteristic of gravel river beds and are known to influence the initial entrainment of bedload. A field assessment suggests that their distribution is not ubiquitous, favouring channel bars, but also reveals a tendency towards a preferred stream wise spacing. A series of laboratory flume experiments shows that flow resistance rises to, and falls from, a peak value as the longitudinal spacing of pebble clusters decreases, in a manner similar to that shown by others for strip roughness, isolated blocks, and simulated ripples and dunes. The experiments also reveal a strong inverse relationship between bedload flux rates and the flow resistance induced by the concentration of pebble clusters. It is concluded that pebble cluster spacing tends towards an equilibrium that is regulated by a feedback process involving sediment transport rates and that the spatial concentration of these microforms will adjust to the point where they induce maximum flow resistance.     

1992年新疆和田地区地震及地倾斜异常

分析了新疆和田地区１９９２年４月５日发生的Ｍｓ５．９地震和同年９月２日、１２月２５日发生的Ｍｓ４．６级地震的震前地倾斜异常情况。利用迭代法对地震平静年份的资料进行处理，做出正常背景曲线并与异常图象比较，收到了良好效果。另外还各单位介绍了田地区的地质构造背景及历史地震活动，并对常用处理资料方法的预报效能以及异常量大小和震级的关系进行了讨论。     

阿尔金山东段山前砾石钙膜累积速率及其在估算断层活动年代方面的应用

干旱－半干旱地区冲洪积物顶面土壤中发育的砾石钙膜含有明显的年龄信息,其工及由统计计算得到的累积速率可用来估算所在冲洪积物或土壤的形成年代。     

Modification of MCM‐41 with Anionic Surfactant: A Convenient Design for Efficient Removal of Cationic Dyes from Wastewater

The potential of MCM‐41 for the removal of cationic dyes from water solution was evaluated using sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) for the surface modification of this mesoporous material. Admicelle structures formed on the surface of the calcined MCM‐41 are capable of removing organic pollutants and cationic species from water environment. The structural, textural, and surface chemical characteristics of the prepared SDS‐modified MCM‐41 (SDS‐MCM‐41) were studied. The adsorption capacity of SDS‐MCM‐41 was evaluated for methylene blue (MB) as a target cationic dye. Equilibrium adsorption isotherm data were manipulated employing nonlinear regression analysis. The Langmuir, Freundlich, and Sips isotherm models were examined. The adsorption data were well fitted to both Langmuir and Sips isotherm models. The maximum adsorption capacity of SDS‐MCM‐41 for MB, based on Langmuir and Sips models, were 290.8 and 297.3 mg g^?1, respectively. Ethanol was found to be an effective solvent for partial regeneration of the adsorbent.     

Effects of Operational Parameters on Decolorization of C. I. Acid Red 88 by UV/H2O2 Process: Evaluation of Electrical Energy Consumption

In the present study, effects of operational parameters on the electrical energy consumption for photooxidative process (UV/H₂O₂) for the decolorization of C. I. Acid Red 88 (AR88) have been investigated. In a series of experiments, 20 mg L^?1 of AR88 solution were irradiated in the presence of different concentrations of H₂O₂ (to find out optimum amount of H₂O₂) by UV light intensity of 30 W m^?2 for certain irradiation times. The decolorization of the dye followed pseudo first‐order kinetics, and hence, the figure‐of‐merit electrical energy per order (E_EO) is appropriate for estimating the electrical energy efficiency. The electrical energy consumption was determined during the variation of some parameters such as initial H₂O₂ concentration, initial dye concentration, UV light intensity, pH, and the gap size of solution. Results showed that electrical energy could be reduced by optimizing operational parameters.     

High-resolution grain-size characterisation of gravel bars using imagery analysis and geo-statistics

The scarcity of grain-size data from gravel-bed rivers has traditionally hindered hydraulic, sediment transport and river habitat studies. A new remote sensing methodology to estimate grain-size distribution is presented. It combines textural digital images of the riverbed at 1 : 1000 and 1 : 40 scales with grain-size sampling. It was applied to a 12-km reach of the Isábena River (Central Pyrenees NE Spain). First, textural patterns for each grain-size range were obtained, selecting the most closely related texture variables, including the use of semivariograms. Second, multiple linear regression equations were derived from the textural variables to estimate each value of the grain-size distribution. The highest correlation values (r²) were obtained from the central part of the distribution (D₅₀ with a RMS error of 12.7%). Finally, new multiple linear regression equations to estimate the D₅₀ and D₈₄ were obtained from 1 : 1000 images and four textural variables. These were used to derive D₅₀ and D₈₄ maps of the riverbed, re-sampled at a resolution of 1.5 m pixels, with RMS estimation errors of 26% and 32%, respectively. Downstream change in grain-size is also well reproduced by the method. The mean D₅₀ of 72 and 32 mm were estimated in the upper and the lower reaches of the river, respectively. The methodology shows great potential for application, the relation between the spatial resolution of the images and the mean grain-size of the riverbed sediment being the main issue for future development.     

新疆和田玉的质量分级及评估方法研究

根据颜色、质地、透明度、净度、重量、工艺6个方面对和田玉质量进行分级,然后将6个因素的分级再具体细化成若干系数,采用资产评估中的价格指数法,将这些影响因素在市场中占有比例量化并列成表格,通过计算进行和田玉的评估.     

几种不同产地软玉的岩相结构和无破损成分分析

利用质子激发X射线荧光（PIXE）、X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）以及激光拉曼光谱（LRS）技术对几个来自中国新疆、俄罗斯、加拿大和新西兰等地的软玉样品的进行了岩石矿物学特征分析,从成分组成和微观织构方面比较了各地软玉的不同特征.实验结果显示了软玉作为透闪石质玉石,随着Fe2O3含量的增加,逐步向阳起石过渡.中国和田玉以其特有的毛毡状纤维交织结构,形成了均匀细腻、油脂光泽的表面特征.无破损成分分析方法为研究贵重的古玉样品提供了技术支持.