中国大陆及其邻近地区7级以上强震分布特征

基于印度板块与欧亚板块碰撞的形态、应力方向及其地貌特征,本文对1895-2016年的7级以上地震活动划分了3个轮回,每个轮回分为两个活动阶段,结果表明3个轮回的地震空间分布有较好的重复性,印度板块向北的推进过程,控制了我国大陆地震活动的阶段性及其分布形态。类比历史地震活动特征,提出未来我国大陆地震活动的主体地区为祁连山褶皱系附近,存在发生2-3次7级以上地震的可能,受印度板块继续向北推挤的影响,我国西南地区也存在发生7级以上地震的可能。     

高桩码头岸坡滑弧模式研究与变形稳定性分析

分别采用有限元强度折减法、简单条分法以及Spencer法对108组不同条件的高桩码头岸坡进行了整体稳定性分析,比较了上述3种方法计算结果的差异性与关联性,并依据有限元强度折减法系统地研究了不同岸坡滑弧模式发生的土体强度条件,分析了岸坡特征点的侧向位移随安全系数的变化关系。结果表明,有限元强度折减法与简单条分法在安全系数的定义形式上是一致的,但计算结果一般存在-1%～8%的差异;当坡体下方或后方的土体与坡体的强度指标之比小于某临界值（一般在1～2之间）时,滑弧将向深处或者码头后方扩展;而当岸坡的整体稳定安全系数接近工程规范所规定的安全阈值时,坡顶点的侧向位移一般会出现突变。最后,通过对某工程岸坡实例加固效果的分析,验证了结论的合理性和有效性。     

采场底板突水机理的跨层拱结构模型

开采华北型煤田受底板承压水威胁的煤炭资源,必须对底板围岩的破坏规律有所认识。为了弄清底板岩层的活动规律,利用实验室大型非线性三维计算机数值模拟,对煤层底板应力分布特征进行了研究。发现采场底板存在跨层拱结构,并指出跨层拱是承载地应力和水压的承载结构;通过理论计算,得出了跨层拱最大主应力的计算公式,据此可以得出底板岩层裂隙产生的位置,该成果可对华北型煤田受承压水威胁矿井的回采工作面宽度设计提供参考。      

Slab melt as metasomatic agent in island arc magma mantle sources, Negros and Batan (Philippines)

Abstract Two new cases of association of adakites with ‘normal’ island arc lavas and transitional adakites are recognized in the islands of Batan and Negros in northern and central Philippines, respectively. The Batan lavas are related to the subduction of the middle Miocene portion of the South China Sea basin along the Manila trench; those of Negros come from the almost aseismic subduction of the middle Miocene Sulu Sea crust along the Negros trench. The occurrence of the Batan adakites is consistent with previous findings showing adakitic glass inclusions within minerals of mantle xenoliths associated with Batan arc lavas. The similarity of adakite ages (1.09 Ma) and that of the metasomatized xenoliths (1 Ma) suggests that both are linked to the same slab‐melting and metasomatic event. Earlier Sr, Pb and Nd‐isotopic studies, however, also reveal the presence of an important sediment contribution to the Batan lava geochemistry. Thus, the role played by slab melts, assumed to have mid‐ocean ridge basalts‐like (MORB) isotopic characteristics, in enriching the Batan subarc mantle is largely masked by the sediment input. The Negros adakites are present only in Mount Cuernos, the volcanic center nearest to the Negros trench. Batch partial melting calculations show that the Negros adakites could be derived from a garnet amphibolitic source with normal‐MORB (N‐MORB) geochemistry. This is supported by the MORB‐like isotopic characteristics of the Mount Cuernos lavas. The volcanic rocks from the other volcanoes consist of normal arc and transitional adakitic lavas that have slightly higher Sr‐ and Pb‐isotopic ratios, probably due to slight sediment input. Mixing of adakites and normal arc lavas to produce transitional adakites is only partly supported by trace element geochemistry and not by field evidence. The transitional adakites can be modeled as partial melts of an adakite‐enriched mantle. Trace element enrichment of non‐adakitic lavas could reflect the interaction of their mantle source with uprising slab melts, as metasomatic mantle minerals scavenge certain trace elements from the adakitic fluids. Therefore, in arcs beneath which thick (up to 2 km) continent‐derived detrital sediments are involved in subduction, like in Batan, the sediment signature can overwhelm the slab melt input. In arcs like Negros where slow subduction could cause a more efficient scraping of thinner (approximately 1 km) detrital sediments, the contribution of slab melts is easier to detect.     

Behavior of Niobium, Tantalum and other high field strength elements in adakites and related lavas from The Philippines

Abstract Pliocene–Quaternary adakites and spatially and temporally associated niobium-enriched basalts (the latter thought to be derived by melting of slab melt-metasomatized mantle) from the Philippine island arcs have been selected for analysis of high field strength elements (HFSE). All these samples have nearly constant and chondritic Zr/Hf ratio (36.5) and slightly infrachondritic Nb/Ta ratio (14.7). We interpret adakitic magmas to be derived from the partial melting at approximately 900°C of subducted mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB) crust, with rutile and/or ilmenite as residual minerals. Melting calculations show that, under these conditions, slab melts should have suprachondritic Nb/Ta ratios. The obvious discrepancy with our data is attributed to insufficient knowledge of rutile-melt partition coefficients for HFSE. Consequently, abnormal Nb/Ta or Zr/Hf ratios cannot be considered as potential markers of slab melting processes in island arcs.     

A PETROLOGICAL OVERVIEW OF THE KOHISTAN MAGMATIC ARC, NW HIMALAYA, N. PAKISTAN

A PETROLOGICAL OVERVIEW OF THE KOHISTAN MAGMATIC ARC, NW HIMALAYA, N. PAKISTAN1　TahirkheliRAK ,MattauerM .ProustF ,etal.1979.In :GeodynamicsofPakistan[C].FarahA ,DeJongKA ,eds.GeolSurvPakistan ,Quetta ,1979.12 5～ 130 . 2　CowardMP ,WindleyBF ,BroughtonRD ,etal.In :CollisionTectonics[C]..CowardMP ,RiesAC ,eds.GeolSoc,London ,SpecPub ,1986 ,19:2 0 3～ 2 19. 3　BardJP ,MaluskiH ,MattePh ,etal.GeolBull ,PeshawarUniversity ,1980 ,13:87～ 93. …     

TRIASSIC SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY AND CORRELATION FROM POLY-ARC AND BACK-ARC SYSTEM IN EASTERN TIBET

TRIASSIC SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY AND CORRELATION FROM POLY-ARC AND BACK-ARC SYSTEM IN EASTERN TIBET     

江达—维西陆缘火山弧的形成演化及成矿作用

江达－维西陆缘火山弧为金沙江弧后洋盆向西俯冲消减和斜向碰撞过程中形成,其过程经历了俯冲造弧－碰撞成弧－张裂成盆的复杂发展历史。早二叠世晚期－晚二叠世（Ｐ＾２１－Ｐ２）形成储冲型弧火山岩,早中三叠世（Ｔ１＋２）形成碰撞型弧火山岩,晚三叠世早期（Ｔ＾１３）于裂谷盆地中发育“双峰式”火山岩。晚三叠世早期（Ｔ＾１３）裂谷分国地从北向南形成生达－车所－鲁麻弧后盆地、徐中－鲁春－红坡上叠（弧后）裂谷盆地和箐口     

川西义敦地区三叠纪层序地层研究新认识

义敦地区处于活动岛弧带 ,1:5万区调将原图姆沟组自下而上分解为党恩组、列衣组、曲嘎寺组和勉戈组。以曲嘎寺组底部的I型不整合面及勉戈组底部的II型不整合面为基准 ,结合内部沉积组合特征 ,尝试划分出 3套三级层序地层 ,即下部层序 (未见底 )、中部I型碳酸盐层序和上部II型层序 (包括喇嘛垭组 ) ,在这些层序内各体系域发育齐全 ,特征明显。     

西地中海的弧后盆地

地中海是太平洋之外弧后盆地较为发育的海区。巴利阿里海盆和第勒尼安海盆是西地中海两个位置相邻、互有成因联系的弧后盆地。海盆莫霍面埋深分别为 1 2～ 1 5km和 1 0 km,热流密度分别为 1 0 0 m W/m2和 2 0 0 m W/m2 ,发育有大洋型磁条带异常 ,大洋钻探和拖网取样均采到了拉斑玄武岩。较之巴利阿里海盆 ,第勒尼安海盆更富年青性。两弧后盆地的成生演化是与欧洲板块与非洲 -阿普利亚板块的相互作用息息相关的。中新世 ,随着非洲 -阿普利亚板块向西、西北俯冲 ,科西嘉、撒丁裂离欧洲大陆 ,巴利阿里海盆被打开 ;上新世 ,阿普利亚微板块进一步俯冲 ,导致亚平宁与科西嘉、撒丁之间的裂离 ,形成第勒尼安海盆。